Anatomy--Pelvis

Front 1

Sacroiliac joint

Back 1

(synovial plane joint) – between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and iliac bones

Front 2

Pubic symphysis

Back 2

(fibrocartilage) - between pubic bones

Front 3

Sacrococcygeal joint

Back 3

(cartilaginous) - between bodies of last sacral and first coccygeal vertebrae

Front 4

What are two structures that lie in the same vertical plane?

Back 4

ASIS and upper margin of the pubic symphysis

Front 5

What two structures lie in the same horizontal plane?

Back 5

tip of the coccyx and the upper margin of pubic symphysis

Front 6

What are the 4 ligaments of the pelvis?

Back 6

Iliolumbar ligament - L5 transverse processes to iliac crest
Sacrotuberous ligament – lateral margin of the sacrum to ischial tuberosity; along with sacrospinous ligament forms the lesser sciatic foramen
Sacrospinous ligament - anterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine; forms greater sciatic foramen
Sacroiliac ligaments - anterior, posterior, interosseous

Front 7

What is the purpose of iliolumbar ligaments?

Back 7

limit the rotation of LV5 on the sacrum and assist the articular processes in preventing anterior gliding of LV5 on the sacrum

Front 8

What is the purpose for the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments?

Back 8

The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments along with the wedge shape of the sacrum work to prevent the sacrum from being pushed inferiorly and rotated anteriorly

Front 9

What are the differences between the male and female pelvis?

Back 9

Depth - female is shallower than male
Shape of pelvic inlet - oval in female; heart-shaped in male
Size of pelvic outlet - larger in female
Size of pelvic cavity – roomier; shorter inlet:outlet distance
Ischial tuberosities - everted in female
Sacrum - shorter, wider and flatter in female
Pubic arch - rounder and wider in female

Front 10

Piriformis muscle

Back 10

Sacrum
Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen
Inserts on the greater trochanter of femur
Nerve: nerve to the piriformis; from anterior rami of S1 and S2
Action: lateral rotator of hip joint

Front 11

Obturator internus muscle

Back 11

Obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Muscle fibers converse on a tendon that leaves the pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen
Inserts on greater trochanter of femur
Nerve: nerve to the obturator internus; from anterior rami of L5 & S1
Action: lateral rotator of hip joint

Front 12

Pelvic diaphragm (inferiorly)

Back 12

Consists of levator ani and (Ischio-)coccygeus muscles and their fasciae
Supports the pelvic viscera; Injury to the pelvis diaphragm can occur during difficult childbirth resulting in loss of support for pelvic viscera leading to prolapse of internal pelvic organs including uterus, vagina, urinary bladder and/or rectum.

Front 13

Pelvic fascia can be divided into to fascia...what are they?

Back 13

Parietal pelvic fascia:
-lining muscles of the walls and floor of the pelvis
Visceral pelvic fascia:
-directly enxheathing pelvic organs

Front 14

Transverse cervical ligament

Back 14

in females
-inportant because it helps to support the uterus
-uterine artery passes towards the cervix above the uterus

Front 15

Ovarian/testicular arteries

Back 15

arises from abdominal aorta
(not from the common iliac)

Front 16

What makes up the sacral plexus? (somatic)

Back 16

L4-L5 joins with S1-S4
-supply pelvic muscles and viscera, perineum, and lower limbs

Front 17

Hypogastric plexus (visceral)
-autonomic control

Back 17

sacral splanchnic (sympathetic off the sympathetic trunk)
hypogastric n (sympathetic off the anterior rami)
pelvic splanchnic n (parasympathetic)

supply pelvic organs and pierce through perineum to supply deeper structures (anus)