Anatomy Pectoral Region & Axilla

Front 1

The pectoral region coves the

Back 1

anterior chest wall and part of the lateral wall

Front 2

What is the superior border of the pectoral region

Back 2

clavicle

Front 3

What is the medial border of the pectoral region

Back 3

sternum

Front 4

What is the inferior border of the pectoral region

Back 4

ribs and costal cartilages

Front 5

Most prominent superficial structures of the pectoral region are

Back 5

breasts (contain mammary glands)

Front 6

Male breast is rudimentary the nipple is a landmark located at

Back 6

4th intercostal space

Front 7

The female breast is located in superficial fascia between ribs

Back 7

2nd & 6th ribs
overlies pectoral

Front 8

Supporting ligaments of the breast is a series of thickened strands of connective tissue called

Back 8

suspensory ligaments (coopers ligaments)
ext from skin to deep fascia

Front 9

Artery supply of the breast is from medial mammary branches of

Back 9

internal thoracic art. laterla mammary branch of lateral thoracic art, pectoral branch of thoracoacromial art and perforating branch from ant intercostal art.

Front 10

Lymphatic drainage of the breast is very important d/t invasion of lymphatics by

Back 10

carcinoma of mammary glandular tissue

Front 11

Lymphatic vessels draining glandular tissue pass into

Back 11

subareolar plexus (located under nipple)

Front 12

Subareolar plexus is continous w/ cutaneous _____plexus connecting w/ _____plexus from the other breast

Back 12

circumareolar plexus
contralateral plexus

Front 13

Most of the lymphatic drainage (75%) of the breast is to lymph nodes of

Back 13

axilla (pectoral group of nodes)

Front 14

Lymph drainage from medial side passes into the thorax via _____nodes along the internal thoracic artery (may cross ML to opp breast)

Back 14

parasternal nodes

Front 15

Inferior lymph may flow through abdomen and drain into nodes in the

Back 15

upper abdomen

Front 16

Muscles of the pectoral region

Back 16

pectoralis major,minor subclavius
serratus anterior

Front 17

Originates from medial third of clavicle, sternum, & ribs 2-6

Back 17

Pectoralis major

Front 18

Pectoralis major inserts

Back 18

lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Front 19

Actio of Pectoralis major

Back 19

adductor and medial rotator of arm

Front 20

Pectoralis major
clavicular head nerve

Back 20

lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)
Flexes the arm

Front 21

Pectoralis major
sternocostal head nerve

Back 21

medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1) extends flexed arm

Front 22

Originates from ribs 3-5

Back 22

Pectoralis minor

Front 23

Pectoralis minor inserts

Back 23

coracoid process of the scapula

Front 24

Pectoralis minor actions

Back 24

stabilizes scapula by pulling inferior and anterior

Front 25

Pectoralis minor is largely covered by Pectoralis major and invested by

Back 25

clavipectoral fascia (runs clavicle to axillary fascia)

Front 26

Pectoralis minor is innervated by which nerve

Back 26

medial pectoral nerve

Front 27

originates first rib

Back 27

subclavius

Front 28

Subclavius inserts

Back 28

clavicle

Front 29

Action of the subclavius

Back 29

pulls acromion anterior, drawing clavicle medially

Front 30

Subclavius is innervated by

Back 30

the nerve to the subclavius (C5.6)

Front 31

Originates from ribs 1-8

Back 31

serratus anterior

Front 32

Serratus anterior inserts

Back 32

ant surface of the medial border of the scapula

Front 33

Serratus anterior action

Back 33

protracts scapula & holds against thoracic wall, inferior fibers rotate scapula (arm can be raised above shoulder)

Front 34

Serratus anterior innervated by

Back 34

thoracic nerve (C5-7)

Front 35

Pyramidal shape between upper limb and the thoracic wall

Back 35

axilla

Front 36

The axilla space contains

Back 36

great vessels and nerves of limb

Front 37

Nerves of axilla are grouped together, enclosed in layer of fascia called

Back 37

axillary sheath

Front 38

Muscles form the anterior wall

Back 38

pectoralis major, minor, subclavius (lateral broder = pect major forms anterior axillary fold)

Front 39

Posterior wall is composed

Back 39

by scapula & subscapularis muscle to a lesser extent teres major & latissimus (form post axillary fold)

Front 40

Medial wall is formed by the

Back 40

serratus anterior

Front 41

lateral wall is formed by

Back 41

intertubercular goove of humerus

Front 42

base (floor) is the

Back 42

skin & fascia of armpit, connection of axillary fascia w/ clavipectoral fascia supports floor

Front 43

apex is aperture that opens into the

Back 43

base of the neck, bound by clavicle, scapula and 1st rib

Front 44

Large artery is direct continuation of the subclavian artery begins at the lateral border of the first rib

Back 44

axillary artery

Front 45

ends at the inferior border of the teres major muscle becomes the

Back 45

brachial artery

Front 46

The axiallary aretery is divided into three parts related to the ______ muscle

Back 46

petoralis minor

Front 47

Superior part of pectoralis minor has only one branch

Back 47

superior thoracic artery (supplies 1st & 2nd intercostals)

Front 48

Deep to the pectoralis minor (2nd part) has two branches

Back 48

thoracoacromial & lateral thoracic arteries

Front 49

Thoracoaromial artery gives rise to

Back 49

acromial, clavicular, deltiod and pectoral branches

Front 50

The lateral thoracic artery supplies the

Back 50

pectoral branches, serratus anterior, in females lateral portion of breast

Front 51

Inferior the pectoralis minor has 3 branches

Back 51

subcapular, ant circumflex humeral & posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Front 52

Subscapular arteryis the largest branch of the axillary artery supplies the

Back 52

latissimus dorsi and muscles posterior aspect of scapula

Front 53

Two circumflex humeral arteries anastomose around the

Back 53

humerus and supply surrounding muscles

Front 54

Medial to the axillary artery this vein begins at the inferior broder of the teres major (continued from basilic vein

Back 54

axillary vein

Front 55

After the axillary vein recv's tributaries (Cephalic vein) it ends at the

Back 55

lateral borbers of the first rib

Front 56

After the axillary vein ends at the 1st rib it becomes the

Back 56

subclavian vein

Front 57

Axillary lymph nodes classified into 5 groups

Back 57

pectoral, lateral, subscapular, apical, & central

Front 58

Pectoral group surrounds the lateral thoracic artery near the inferior border of the

Back 58

pectoralis major (recv lymph from ant thoracic wall and the breast

Front 59

The lateral group lies along the lateral wall of the axilla and recv lymph from the

Back 59

upper limb

Front 60

the subscapular group is located near the subscapular vessels recv's lymph from

Back 60

posterior thoracic wall and the scapular region

Front 61

Central group is situated deep to the pectoralis minor and recvs lymph form the

Back 61

lateral pectoral, subscapular group nodes.

Front 62

Lymph from the central group passes into the

Back 62

apical group nodes (located in the apex of the axilla along 1st part of the axillary artery

Front 63

Efferent vessels from the apical nodes drain into channels along the

Back 63

subclavian vein in the neck

Front 64

The axillary space also includes muscles

Back 64

short head of the biceps & coracobrachialis, tendon of long head of biceps (occupies intertubercular groove of humerus

Front 65

removal of breast pectoralis major/minor, axillary lymph nodes

Back 65

radical mastectomy

Front 66

removal brest & axillary lymph nodes preserving pectoralis

Back 66

modified radical mastectomy

Front 67

Both radical mastectomy & modified require the preservation of _____nerve
to avoid paralysis of serratus anterior muscle

Back 67

long thoracic nerve on lateral thoracic wall

Front 68

Infections in the hand or forearm can result in

Back 68

lymphangitis (inflam of lymphatic vessels