Anatomy- Palmar Hand

Front 1

What are the four layers of the palmar hand?

Back 1

1.palmar aponeurosis
2. shorts muscles of thumb and digit 5
3. long flexor tendons
4. adductor of the thumb

Front 2

What is the digit size formula and its variations?

Back 2

3>4>2>5>1 with 4=2 or 4<2 variations

Front 3

What are the 4 proximal carpal bones and which ones articulate with the radius?

Back 3

1.scaphoid
2.lunate
3.triquetrum
4. pisiform
1-3 articulate with the radius

Front 4

What are the 4 distal carpal bones?

Back 4

1.trapezium
2.trapezoid
3.capitate
4. hamate

Front 5

What is the axial line of the hand?

Back 5

line drawn through the middle finger, metacarpal, and capitate

Front 6

The thumb is set at what angle to the four fingers?

Back 6

right angle

Front 7

What forms the carpal tunnel with the carpal bones?

Back 7

flexor retinaculum

Front 8

What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?

Back 8

prevents long flexors from moving anteriorly and gives origin to the thenar and hypothenar muscles

Front 9

What are the three thenar muscles?

Back 9

1.abductor pollicis brevis
2.opponens pollicis
3.flexor pollicis brevis

Front 10

What are the attachments for the abductor pollicis brevis?

Back 10

1. flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
2. proximal phalanx of digit 1

Front 11

What are the attachments for the opponens pollicis?

Back 11

1. flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
2. lateral border of metacarpal 1

Front 12

What are the attachments for the flexor pollicis brevis?

Back 12

1. flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
2. base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

Front 13

What innervates the 3 thenar muscles?

Back 13

median nerve (C8, T1) and deep branch of ulnar nerve (deep part of flexor pollicis brevis)

Front 14

What is the extremely important nerve to the thenar muscles especially in carpal tunnel surgery and why?

Back 14

Recurrent branch of median nerve (near distal border of flexor retinaculum). Variations can be disastrous in carpal tunnel surgery.

Front 15

What innervates the adductor pollicis (deep)?

Back 15

ulnar nerve

Front 16

What are the attachments of the adductor pollicis?

Back 16

1.3rd middle metacarpal and capitate
2. base of 1st phalanx

Front 17

What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?

Back 17

1. abductor digiti v
2. flexor brevis digiti v
3. opponens digiti v

Front 18

What are the attachments of the abductor digiti v muscle?

Back 18

1.flexor retinaculum, pisiform and hook of hamate
2. base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

Front 19

What are the attachments of the flexor brevis digiti v?

Back 19

1.flexor retinaculum, pisiform and hook of hamate
2.base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

Front 20

What are the attachments of the opponens digiti v?

Back 20

1.flexor retinaculum, pisiform and hook of hamate
2. medial side of 5th metacarpal bone

Front 21

What innervates the hypothenar muscles?

Back 21

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Front 22

What is the path of the ulnar nerve in the wrist/hand?

Back 22

1.passes between pisiform and hook of hamate, in front of flexor retinaculum, and pisohamate ligament
2.covered by deep fascia and then by palmaris brevis

Front 23

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve does what in the hand?

Back 23

1.gives cutaneous branches to the medial 1.5 fingers and motor branch to palmaris brevis.
2. communicates with median nerve

Front 24

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve does what in the hand?

Back 24

1.supplies 3 hypothenar muscles
2. interosseous muscles
3. adductor pollicis, also deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
4. medial 2 lumbrical muscles

Front 25

What is the path of the median nerve through the hand?

Back 25

1.through the carpal tunnel, in the midline of skin crease of hand, on the deep surface of flexor retinaculum
2. in the palm, is deep only to the palmar aponeurosis
3. divides into recurrent and digital branches

Front 26

What does the median nerve innervate in the hand?

Back 26

1. 5 short muscles
2. skin of 3.5 lateral digits
3. joints of digits and local vessels

Front 27

What does the motor portion of the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate?

Back 27

1.abductor pollicis brevis
2. opponens pollicis
3. flexor pollicis brevis (superficial part)

Front 28

What does the digital branch of median nerve innervate?

Back 28

1st and 2nd lumbricals

Front 29

What is contained in the fibrous sheaths that go to each digit?

Back 29

1.a tendon from flexor digitorum superficialis
2. a tendon from flexor digitorum profundus

Front 30

Where do the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons attach on the digits?

Back 30

split in front of proximal phalanx into medial and lateral halves and eventually attach to margins of middle phalanx

Front 31

Where do the flexor digitorum profundus tendons attach on the digits?

Back 31

attaches to base of distal phalanx

Front 32

What are the attachments of the 4 lumbricals?

Back 32

1.arise from flexor digitorum profundus tendons
2. insert into dorsal extensor expansions beyond interossei

Front 33

Where do the lumbrical muscles run in relation to the finger?

Back 33

1.lie deep to digital vessels and nerves
2. lie radial to fingers

Front 34

What innervates the 4 lumbrical muscles?

Back 34

1. medial 2 by ulnar nerve
2. lateral 2 by median nerve

Front 35

What is the function of the lumbrical muscles?

Back 35

flex the mcp joints
extend interphalangeal joints

Front 36

What are the 3 palmar spaces?

Back 36

1. thenar space
2. central (triangular) space (behind adductor pollicis
3. hypothenar space

Front 37

What does the superficial palmar arch supply?

Back 37

medial 3.5 digits

Front 38

What does the deep palmar arch supply?

Back 38

1.lateral 1.5 digits
2. interosseous muscles and metacarpals

Front 39

What are the 2 distal branches of the deep radial artery that supply the lateral 1.5 digits with blood?

Back 39

1.princeps pollicis
2. radialis indicis

Front 40

What part of the radial portion of the deep palmar arch supplies the interosseous muscles and metacarpals with blood?

Back 40

3 palmar metacarpal arteries

Front 41

What does the dorsal carpal arch applied to?

Back 41

dorsal surface of carpal bones