Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hydrogen H
|
influences pH
|
|
|
Carbon C
|
backbone of organic molecules
|
|
|
Sulfur S
|
important protein structure
|
|
|
Sodium Na
Chlorine Cl Potassium K Calcium Ca |
perfect concention for nerve and muscle concentration
|
|
|
Oxygen O
|
ATP - metabolism
|
|
|
Nitrogen N
|
backbone atom of amino acids
|
|
|
Phosphorus P
|
part of the ATP molecule
|
|
|
Iron Fe
|
hemoglobin - binding pigment in red blood cells (kidneys)
|
|
|
water H2O
|
universal solvent. medium for chemical reactions in our body and heat renovation.
|
|
|
carbon dioxide CO2
|
waste product of making ATP
|
|
|
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
Phosphate H2PO4 |
buffer our blood and mlecules (buffers stabalize pH)
|
|
|
monosaccharides
|
glucose is important to humans. Any of several carbohydrates that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis.
|
|
|
disaccharides
|
2 monosaccharides
sucrose - table sugar |
|
|
polysaccharides
|
many monosaccharides bound together.
|
|
|
starch
|
plants store their extra clugose as starch. used for energy.
|
|
|
cellulose
|
not soluble in water. not digestible by humans. (fiber)
|
|
|
glycogen
|
animals s tore for quick energy. store in muscle and liver
|
|
|
lipids
|
insolucble in our body. stored for long term energy
|
|
|
fatty acids
|
chains that come off glycerol
|
|
|
glycerol
|
backbone.
|
|
|
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
Phosphate H2PO4 |
buffer our blood and mlecules (buffers stabalize pH)
|
|
|
monosaccharides
|
glucose is important to humans. Any of several carbohydrates that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis.
|
|
|
disaccharides
|
2 monosaccharides
sucrose - table sugar |
|
|
polysaccharides
|
many monosaccharides bound together.
|
|
|
starch
|
plants store their extra clugose as starch. used for energy.
|
|
|
cellulose
|
not soluble in water. not digestible by humans. (fiber)
|
|
|
glycogen
|
animals s tore for quick energy. store in muscle and liver
|
|
|
lipids
|
insolucble in our body. stored for long term energy
|
|
|
fatty acids
|
chains that come off glycerol
|
|
|
glycerol
|
backbone.
|
|
|
Hydrogen H
|
influences pH
|
|
|
Carbon C
|
backbone of organic molecules
|
|
|
Sulfur S
|
important protein structure
|
|
|
Sodium Na
Chlorine Cl Potassium K Calcium Ca |
perfect concention for nerve and muscle concentration
|
|
|
Oxygen O
|
ATP - metabolism
|
|
|
Nitrogen N
|
backbone atom of amino acids
|
|
|
Phosphorus P
|
part of the ATP molecule
|
|
|
Iron Fe
|
hemoglobin - binding pigment in red blood cells (kidneys)
|
|
|
water H2O
|
universal solvent. medium for chemical reactions in our body and heat renovation.
|
|
|
carbon dioxide CO2
|
waste product of making ATP
|
|
|
di & tri peptides
|
tiny proteins
|
|
|
polypeptides
|
synonym for proteins
|
|
|
protein
|
group of complex organic macromolecules
|
|
|
peptides
|
fan
|
|
|
nucleic acids
|
least abundant but most important
|
|
|
DNA
|
4 bases (T,A,C,G). consists of a sugar and phosphate group. stays in the nucleus. used to make RNA
|
|
|
RNA
|
single stranded and leaves the nucleus. used to make protein
|
|
|
ATP
|
nucleic acid. energy currency of all cells. gets broken down into ADP. everything you eat gets turned into ATP. mitochondria breaks it down
|
|
|
phospholipid bilayer
|
basic structure of all membranes
|
|
|
membrane proteins
|
fluid mosaic model
|
|
|
integral membrane proteins
|
embedded to the lipid bilayer
|
|
|
perpheral proteins
|
attach to the membranes surface
|
|
|
internal membrane proteins; actin
|
contractyle protein (also known as filaments) allows it to move.
|
|
|
protoplasm
|
makes up necleumplasm & cytoplasm
|
|
|
cytoplasm
|
blood of cells (cytosol). outside nucleus.
|
|
|
nucleumplasm
|
cytoplasm of the nucleus. includes chromatin.
|
|
|
pseudopods
|
involved in endocytosis. "false feet."
|
|
|
exocytosis
|
substances move from the cytoplasm to the outside of cell.
|
|
|
endocytosis
|
large paricles and macromolecules enter cells.
|
|
|
phagocytosis
|
cell eating. pseudopod encases the bacteria.
|
|
|
pinocytosis
|
cell drinking. (small intestine).
|
|
|
receptor-mediated endocytosis
|
bringing a specific molecule into the cell.
|
|
|
microvilli
|
evagination of a cell. (kidney tibules/small intestine)
|
|
|
cilia
|
move external to the cell. (respratory tract/falopean tubes)
|
|
|
flagella
|
propels. sperm - only thing that has flagella
|
|
|
vesicles
|
membrane bound organelle that packages something
|
|
|
nucleus
|
holds genetic info (DNA). RNA is made here.
|
|
|
nuclear membrane
|
has nuclear pores.
|
|
|
nucleolus
|
makes ribosomal subunits
|
|
|
ribosomal subunits and ribosomes
|
goes to endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
|
no ribosomes. makes lipids. stores calcium.
|
|
|
rough endoplasmic reticulum
|
protein synthesis.
|
|
|
golgi apparatus
|
packages protein. "Post office"
|
|
|
secretory granules
|
vesiceles near the membrane. (saliva)
|
|
|
lysosomes
|
stomach of the cell. contains powerful digestive enxymes.
|
|
|
peroxisomes
|
deals with and gets rid of preradicals (which cause cells to age)using oxygen.
|
|
|
mitochondria
|
aerobic cellular respiration. has its own DNA ribosomes. mitochondria reproduces regardless is the cell does or not.
|
|
|
cytomusculoskeleton
|
allows cell to move. helps stuff in the cell to move & maintains the shape.
|
|
|
centrioles
|
cell division & building cilia & flagella.
|
|
|
basal bodies of cilia
|
the centriole at the base of all cilia
|
|
|
inclusions
|
not membrane bound
|
|
|
fat inclusions
|
many cells
|
|
|
glycogen
|
skeletal muscle and liver cells
|
|
|
mitosis
|
make cells grow. (zygote in fallopian tubes). replaces dead cells. occurs in all somatic cells
|
|
|
meiosis
|
end up with 4 cells instead of 2. (gonads)
|
