Anatomy, Osteology 111

Front 1

Three anitomical planes.

Back 1

1. Sagital/ Median
2. Coronal
3. Transverse/ Horisontal

Front 2

Define superficial.

Back 2

Towards the surface of the body.

Front 3

Define proximal.

Back 3

Closer to the origin of the body part.

Front 4

Define distal.

Back 4

Further to the origin of the body part.

Front 5

Define deep.

Back 5

Away from the body surface.

Front 6

Define flexion.

Back 6

Movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Front 7

Define extension.

Back 7

Movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

Front 8

Define abduction.

Back 8

Movement that pulls structure away from midline of body.

Front 9

Define adduction.

Back 9

Motion that pulls a structure towards the midline of the body.

Front 10

Define medial rotation.

Back 10

Rotation towards the midline of the body.

Front 11

Define lateral rotation.

Back 11

Rotation away from the midline of the body.

Front 12

Define elevation.

Back 12

Movement in a superior direction.

Front 13

Define depression.

Back 13

Movement in a inferior direction.

Front 14

Define circumduction.

Back 14

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction at the same time.

Front 15

Define opposition.

Back 15

Movement involving grasping of thumb and fingers.

Front 16

Define protrusion.

Back 16

Anterior movement.

Front 17

Define retrusion.

Back 17

Posterior movement.

Front 18

Define protraction.

Back 18

Anterior shoulder movement.

Front 19

Define retraction.

Back 19

Posterior shoulder movement.

Front 20

Define eversion.

Back 20

Movement of sole of foot away from medial plane.

Front 21

Define inversion.

Back 21

Movement of sole towards median plane.

Front 22

Define pronation.

Back 22

Rotation of forearm so palm faces posteriorly.

Front 23

Define supination.

Back 23

Rotation of forearm so palm faces anteriorly.

Front 24

Define anterior.

Back 24

Towards the belly.

Front 25

Define posterior.

Back 25

Towards the back.

Front 26

Define superior.

Back 26

Above a structure.

Front 27

Define inferior.

Back 27

Below a structure.

Front 28

Name the two ends of the clavicle.

Back 28

1. Medial/ sternal end.
2. Lateral/ acromial end.

Front 29

What groove is located inferiorly on the clavicle ?

Back 29

Subclavian groove.

Front 30

Which ligament attachment sites are located on the clavicle ?

Back 30

1. Trapezoid line.
2. Conoid tubercle.
3. Costoclavicular impression.

Front 31

What is the most lateral superiorly located structure on the scapula called ?

Back 31

The acromion.

Front 32

What is the large protrusion on the posterior, superior side of the scapula called ?

Back 32

The spine.

Front 33

What are the three impressions located on the scapula called ?

Back 33

1. Supraspinous.
2. Infraspinous.
3. Subscapularis.

Front 34

What process is located on the superior border of the scapula ?

Back 34

Coracoid process.

Front 35

What notch is located medially to the coracoid process ?

Back 35

Suprascapular notch.

Front 36

What cavity is located on the lateral angle of the scapula ?

Back 36

Glenoid cavity.

Front 37

Name the two tubercles that are located superiorly and inferiorly with respect to the glenoid cavity.

Back 37

1. Infraglenoid tubercle.
2. Supraglenoid tubercle.

Front 38

Which tubercle is located most lateral on the humerus ?

Back 38

The greater tubercle.

Front 39

What suclus is located between the greater and lesser tubercle ?

Back 39

The intertubercular suclus.

Front 40

What tubercle is located medially with respect to the greater tubercle ?

Back 40

The lesser tubercle.

Front 41

What tuberosity is found on the humerus ?

Back 41

Deltoid tuberosity.

Front 42

What are the ridges located superior towards the condyles on the humerus ?

Back 42

1. Lateral supracondylar ridge.
2. Medial supracondylar ridge.

Front 43

What are the structures called that are superiorlly located with respect to the condyles and inferiorlly with respect to the supracondylar ridges ?

Back 43

The medial and lateral epicondyles.

Front 44

Which part of the humerus is part of the elbow joint.

Back 44

1. Capitilum.
2. Trochlea.

Front 45

Which fossa is located directly superiorly and anteriorly towards the trochlea ?

Back 45

Coranoid fossa.

Front 46

Which fossa is located directly superiorly and posteriorly towards the trochlea ?

Back 46

Olecranon fossa.

Front 47

Which part of the ulna forms part of the elbow joint (part that is inside the joint capsule) ?

Back 47

Trochlear notch.

Front 48

What part of the ulna moves into the olecranon fossa while the forearm is extended ?

Back 48

The olecranon.

Front 49

What part of the ulna moves into the coranoid fossa while the forearm is flexed ?

Back 49

The coranoid process.

Front 50

What is the general term for a structure of a bone that actively forms part of a joint ?

Back 50

A condyle.

Front 51

What is the small protrusion on the distal end of the ulna called ?

Back 51

The ulnar styloid process.

Front 52

What tuberosity is located on the radius ?

Back 52

Radial tuberosity.

Front 53

What is the indent called the ulna makes on the radius ?

Back 53

Ulnar notch of radius.

Front 54

Name the bones that collectively form the carpals.

Back 54

1. Scaphoid.
2. Lunate.
3. Triquertrum.
4. Pisiform.
5. Trapezium.
6. Trapezoid.
7. Hamate.

Front 55

Which bones form the hand ?

Back 55

1. Carpals.
2. Metacarpals.
3. Phalanges.

Front 56

What is the upper portion of the hipbone called ?

Back 56

The ilium.

Front 57

What is the anterior lower portion of the hipbone called ?

Back 57

The pubis.

Front 58

What is the posterior lower portion of the hipbone called ?

Back 58

The ischium.

Front 59

What is the hip-joint called where the femur and the hipbone meet ?

Back 59

The acetabulum.

Front 60

What is the large foramen called which is located on the hipbone ?

Back 60

The obstrutator foramen.

Front 61

What is the protrution called on the ischium that extends posteriorly ?

Back 61

The ischial spine.

Front 62

What are the notches called that are superiorly and inferiorly located with regards to the ischial spine ?

Back 62

1. Greater sciatic notch.
2. Lesser sciatic notch.

Front 63

Which fovea allows for a ligament attachment on the head of the femur ?

Back 63

Fovea capitis.

Front 64

What is the larger superiorly located protrusion called on the femur ?

Back 64

Greater trochanter.

Front 65

What is the smaller proximal located protrusion called on the femur ?

Back 65

Lesser trochanter.

Front 66

What is the eminence called that is located between the proximal condyles on the tibia ?

Back 66

The intercondylar eminence.

Front 67

What are the distal parts of the fibula and tibia which are found laterally and medially ( respectively ) and can be palpated ?

Back 67

1. Lateral maleoulus (Fibula).
2. Medial maleoulus (Tibia).

Front 68

Name the bones that collectively form the tarsals.

Back 68

1. Calcaneus.
2. Talus.
3. Navicular.
4. Cuboid.
5. Medial cuneiform.
6. Intermediate cuneiform.
7. Lateral cineiform.

Front 69

Which boines collectively form the foot ?

Back 69

1. Tarsals.
2. Metatarsals.
3. Phalanges.

Front 70

What are the three main classifications of joint ?

Back 70

1. Fibrous.
2. Cartilaginous.
3. Synovial.

Front 71

What are the different types of fibrous joints ?

Back 71

1. Sutural (skull sutures).
2. Syndesmoses.
3. Gomphosis.

Front 72

What are the different types of cartilaginous joints ?

Back 72

1. Primary (Synchondrosis).
2. Secondary (Symphysis).

Front 73

Name the six different types of synovial joints and give an example for each.

Back 73

1. Ball-and-socket- Shoulder
2. Gliding- Acromioclavicular
3. Hinge- Elbow
4. Saddle- Carpometacarpal
5. Condylar- Metacarpophylangeal
6. Pivot- Atlantoaxial

Front 74

Sternoclavicular joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Ligaments
4. Movement joint allows

Back 74

1. Synovial saddle joint
2. Clavicle, manubrium (of sternum) and 2nd rib
3. Interclavicular, costoclavicular
4. Elevation

Front 75

Acromioclavicular joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Ligaments

Back 75

1. Synovial glide joint
2. Acromion (of scapula), clavicle, corracoid process (of scapula)
3. Corraclavicular- Trapezoid and conoid; acromioclavicular

Front 76

Glenohumeral joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Ligaments
4. Bursa present

Back 76

1. Synovial ball-and-socket joint
2. Humerus and glenoid cavity (of scapula)
3. Glenohumeral, corrahumeral, and transverse humeral
4. Subscapular, subacromial

Front 77

Name the rotator cuff muscles.

Back 77

1. Supraspinous
2. Infraspinous
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis

Front 78

Elbow joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Ligaments

Back 78

1. Synovial hinge joint
2. Humerus, radius, and ulna
3. Radial collateral and ulnar collateral

Front 79

Hip joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Ligaments

Back 79

1. Synovial ball-and-socket
2. Femur and hipbone
3. Iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral and head of femur ligament

Front 80

Knee joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Extracapsular ligaments
4. Intracapsular ligaments

Back 80

1. Synovial hinge joint
2. Femur, patella, tibia and fibula
3. Patellar, fibilular collateral, tibular collateral, oblique and arcuate
4. Anterior and posterios cruciate

Front 81

The ankle joint-
1. Name the type of joint
2. Bones present
3. Ligaments
4. Movement joint allows

Back 81

1. Synovial hinge joint
2. Tibia, fibula and talus
3. Deltoid- Anterior and posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal and tiobionavicular
Lateral- Anterior and posterior talofibular and calceneaofibular
4. Dorsi and planar flexion