Anatomy---Ossification, Osteogenesis And Fractures

Front 1

intramembranous ossification

Back 1

forms flat bones of upper cranium, lavicles, sesamoid bones, madible, and hetertropic bones

Front 2

IM ossification step 1

Back 2

mesenchyme migratesto site differntitate into osteoproginator, develop into osteoblasts, osteoblasts form organic components of bone matirx and become osteocytes surrounded by matrix

Front 3

IM ossification step 2

Back 3

spicule formation takes place in surrounding tissue, blood vessels branch between them

Front 4

IM ossification step 3

Back 4

matrix develops into trabeculae to form latticework of spongy bone with red marrow, surface layers of spongy bone replaced by compact bone

Front 5

endochondral ossification

Back 5

forms most bones of body, long bones

Front 6

EC ossification step 1

Back 6

formation of mesenchymal template, formation of chondroblasts, make cartilage moel with perichondrium for bone to be, mid region chondrocytes hypertrophy & burst triggering calcification

Front 7

EC ossification step 2

Back 7

blood vessel penetrates perichondrium & osteoprogenitor cells divide by mitosis to become osteoblasts. A periosteal collar of bone formed around dead cartilage model

Front 8

EC ossification step 3

Back 8

periosteal capillaries grow into disintegrating cartilage model carrying osteoprogenitor cells to form Primary ossification center, osteoblasts form trabeculae of spongy bone

Front 9

EC ossification step 4

Back 9

osteoblasts form spongy bone and osteoclasts enlarge cavity to form marrow cavity

Front 10

EC ossification step 5

Back 10

secondary ossification centers fomred in epiphyses after osteoblasts and blood vessels penetrate calcified cartilage. more spongy bone formed and remodeled, compact bone on shaft thickens

Front 11

longitudinal growth

Back 11

interstitial growth,EC ossification at epiphyseal plates

Front 12

zone of reverse cartilage

Back 12

next to epiphyses, irregularly scattered small chondrocytes, chondrocytes anchor epiphyseal plate to epiphysis

Front 13

zone of proliferating cartilage

Back 13

larger chondrocytes stacked like coins, undergo mitosis tomake new chondrocytes causing expansion of the plate

Front 14

zone of hypertrophic cartilage

Back 14

even larger chondrocytes occur in columns, mature

Front 15

zone of calcified matrix

Back 15

few layers,mostly dead cells, osteolysis, osteoblast form diaphysis lay down bone, become osteocytes

Front 16

circumferential bone growth

Back 16

appositional bone growth, IM ossification, periosteal osteoblasts lay down matrix, endosteal osteoclasts break down matrix,marrow cavity enlarges,diaphyses at optimum thickness, minerals putinto blood stream

Front 17

fracture

Back 17

any break in a bone

Front 18

closed reduction

Back 18

setting a fracture with manioulation

Front 19

open reduction

Back 19

surgical setting of a fracture

Front 20

partial

Back 20

incomplete fracture, incomplete breakage across bone

Front 21

complete

Back 21

bone broken into two pieces

Front 22

closed

Back 22

simple fracture, bone does not break skin

Front 23

open

Back 23

compound, bone protrudes through skin

Front 24

nondisplaced

Back 24

fracture remains in normal alignment of bone fragments

Front 25

displaced

Back 25

fracture produces new and abnormal arrangements of bony elements

Front 26

cominuted

Back 26

small fragments of bound are found between two main fragments

Front 27

greenstick

Back 27

only seen in children, one side of bone breaks, other bends

Front 28

compression

Back 28

bone is crushed

Front 29

impacted

Back 29

one fragment driven into another

Front 30

Colles'

Back 30

fracture of distal end of radius w/ distal fragment displaced posteriorly

Front 31

Pott's

Back 31

fracture of distal end of fibula w/ serious injury to distal tibial articulation. ligament attached to medial malleolus of tibia is torn

Front 32

transverse

Back 32

fracture breaks a bone across its long axis

Front 33

spiral fracture

Back 33

spread along the length of the bone produced by twisting stress

Front 34

epiphyseal

Back 34

where chondrocytes are dying

Front 35

stress

Back 35

partial fracture due to changes in training, harder surfaces, longer distances, greater speed

Front 36

pathologic

Back 36

fracture due to weakening of bone caused by disease

Front 37

depressed`

Back 37

broken bone portion is pressed inward

Front 38

fissure

Back 38

incomplete longitudinal fracture of a long bone