Anatomy - Oral Cavity

Front 1

Contents of the pterygopalatine fossa:

Back 1

Maxillary artery, maxillary nerve, pterygopalatine ganglion.

Front 2

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with which spaces through which openings?

Back 2

Laterally: infratemporal fossa, through pterygomaxillary fissure;

Medially: nasal cavity, through sphenopalatine foramen;

Anterosuperiorly: orbital cavity, through inferior orbital fissure;

Anteroposteriorly: middle cranial fossa, through foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal;

Inferiorly: palate, though greater and lesser palatine foramen.

Front 3

Which nerve gives the pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 3

Maxillary branch of the trigemminal nerve (CN V2).

Front 4

Branches of the maxillary nerve, CN V2:

Back 4

Enters the pterygopalatine fossa through foramen rotundum, gives out pterygopalatine ganglion (supplying parasympathetics to lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands); Branches in pterygopalatine fossa: zygomatic nerve (branch into zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves), greater/lesser palatine nerves (which emerge through respective foramen), nasal and nasopalatine nerves, pharyngeal nerves, alveolar nerves; emerge through infraorbital fissure as inferior orbital nerves, further giving nasal, palpebral and superior labial branches.

Front 5

Where does foramen ovale exit to?

Back 5

Infratemporal fossa.

Front 6

Temporomandibular joint is what type of joint?

Back 6

Synovial modified hinge joint.

Front 7

Temporomandibular joint is between:

Back 7

Condyle of mandible - mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

Front 8

TMJ contains _____, and articular surfaces of the bones are covered by _____.

Back 8

Fibrocartilage articular disc, fibrocartilage.

Front 9

Fibrocartilage articular disc:

Back 9

Splits the joint cavity into two compartments, lined by separate membranes.

Front 10

Supporting ligaments of the TMJ:

Back 10

Lateral ligament, sphenomandibular and stylomandibular ligament.

Front 11

Movements of the TMJ:

Back 11

Hinge movement (inferior cavity); Gliding movement (superior cavity).

Front 12

Dislocation of the TMJ is usually anterior/posterior and is due to:

Back 12

Anterior; condyle slide over the anterior tubercle, muscle hold the jaw in its dislocated position and hence the mouth cannot close.

Front 13

Nerve supply of the TMJ:

Back 13

Auriculotemporal nerve, branch of the mandibular nerve, CN V3.

Front 14

Muscles of mastication derived from which pharyngeal arch?

Back 14

1st.

Front 15

Which muscle of mastication depress the jaw?

Back 15

Lateral pterygoid muscle.

Front 16

Identification features of lateral and medial pterygoid:

Back 16

Lateral pterygoid has horizontal fibres while medial pterygoid has vertical fibres; medial pterygoid is deeper and tendinous.

Front 17

Which branches of V3 lies on the medial pterygoid?

Back 17

Inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve.

Front 18

Muscles that elevate the jaw:

Back 18

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid.

Front 19

Muscles that protract the jaw:

Back 19

Pterygoid muscles.

Front 20

Muscles that retract the jaw:

Back 20

Temporalis.

Front 21

To achieve lateral movements of the jaw, which muscles does what?

Back 21

Temporalis of the same side contract, pterygoids of the opposite side contract.

Front 22

Muscles of mastication are assisted by:

Back 22

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.

Front 23

Innervation of the digastric muscle:

Back 23

Anterior belly: CN V3; Posterior belly: CN VII.

Front 24

Innervation of mylohyoid:

Back 24

Nerve to mylohyoid, branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CN V3.

Front 25

Innervation of geniohyoid:

Back 25

Anterior rams of C1 carried along the hypoglossal nerve.

Front 26

Pterygoid venous plexus is located in the:

Back 26

Infratemporal fossa.

Front 27

Pterygoid venous plexus drains:

Back 27

Areas supplied by maxillary artery.

Front 28

Pterygoid venous plexus communicates with:

Back 28

Facial vein: via deep vein;

Cavernous sinus: via sphenoid emissary veins, foramen ovale and foramen lacerum.

Front 29

Which muscle attaches to the joint capsule of the TMJ?

Back 29

Lateral pterygoid.

Front 30

Which muscle attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible?

Back 30

Temporalis.

Front 31

Which muscle attaches to the lateral pterygoid plate?

Back 31

Medial and lateral pterygoids.

Front 32

Muscles supplied by the mandibular nerve, CN V3:

Back 32

Temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, tensor tympani, tensor palatini.

Front 33

Which nerve hugs an artery?

Back 33

Auriculotemporal nerve, encircles middle meningeal artery.

Front 34

Branches of the mandibular nerve, CN V3:

Back 34

Anterior branches to supply muscles of mastication, buccal nerve;

Posterior branches:
Auriculotemporal nerve: carries CN IX parasympathetics to otic ganglion to supply the parotid gland;
Lingual nerve: joined by chorda tympani from CN VII to carry taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, and parasympathetic innervation to sublingual and submandibular glands;
Inferior alveolar nerve: gives off nerve to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscle before entering mandibular foramen to form the inferior dental plexus, then exiting the mental foramen as the terminal mental nerve.

Front 35

Innervation of the parotid gland:

Back 35

Parasympathetic (secretomotor): from inferior salivatory nucleus to the tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal CN IX, to tympanic plexus to meet sympathetic nerves;

Sympathetic (vasoconstriction): from external carotid plexus to the tympanic plexus to meet parasympathetic nerves;

Both fibres leave tympanic plexus as lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion, where the parasympathetic synapses, follow the auriculotemporal (CN V3) nerve to supply the parotid gland.

Front 36

Inferior alveolar nerve supplies which muscles:

Back 36

Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric.

Front 37

Which has taste buds, fungiform, filiform or circumvallate papillae?

Back 37

Only filiform and circumvallate.

Front 38

Circumvallate papillae belongs to which part of the tongue?

Back 38

Border of anterior 2/3.

Front 39

Dorsum of posterior 1/3 of the tongue is covered by:

Back 39

Lingual tonsils.

Front 40

What is the division between anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 called?

Back 40

Sulcus terminalis.

Front 41

What is the blind ended depression at centre of sulcus terminalis? It is a vestigial structure of?

Back 41

Foramen cecum; thyroid diverticulum.

Front 42

Sensory and motor innervation of the tongue:

Back 42

General sensory: lingual branch of mandibular nerve CN V3 (anterior 2/3); lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX (posterior 1/3);

Special sensory (taste): chorda tympani from CN VII following lingual branch of mandibular nerve (anterior 2/3); lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX (posterior 1/3); internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve CN X (small caudal area anterior to the epiglottis);

Motor: hypoglossal nerve CN XII (supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue).

Front 43

Intrinsic tongue muscles:

Back 43

Superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical fibres of the tongue.

Front 44

Extrinsic tongue muscles:

Back 44

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus.

Front 45

Motor innervation of the extrinsic tongue muscles:

Back 45

CN XII: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus;

CN X: palatoglossus (same as muscles of soft palate).

Front 46

Which muscle narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus?

Back 46

Palatoglossal.

Front 47

Arterial supply and venous drainage of the tongue:

Back 47

Arterial: lingual artery (from external carotid artery), gives dorsal, deep, and sublingual branches;

Venous: lingual vein (to internal jugular vein).

Front 48

Lymphatic drainage of the tongue:

Back 48

Apex and the frenulum: submental nodes; lateral of anterior 2/3: submandibular nodes; medial of anterior 2/3: inferior deep cervical nodes; posterior 1/3: superior deep cervical nodes.

Front 49

Course of lingual vein:

Back 49

From mandibular division of trigemminal, passes between mylohyoid and superior constrictor muscles; enters floor of mouth superficial to hyoglossus; loops under submandibular duct.

Front 50

Which gland is serous/mucous (parotid, submandibular, sublingual):

Back 50

Parotid: serous;
Submandibular: mixed;
Sublingual: mucous.

Front 51

Submandibular gland is divided into superficial and deep by:

Back 51

Mylohyoid.

Front 52

Submandibular glands open into:

Back 52

Submandibular papilla at the base of frenulum of the tongue.

Front 53

Sublingual glands open into:

Back 53

Many sublingual ducts at the floor of the mouth, along lingual folds.

Front 54

Innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands:

Back 54

Parasympathetic (secretomotor):
From superior salivatory nucleus to geniculate ganglion, gives of chorda tympani of CN VII, passes to lingual nerve (CN V3); synapses at submandibular ganglion and passes to submandibular/lingual glands;

Sympathetic (vasoconstriction):
From external carotid plexus, passes through submandibular ganglion to both glands.

Front 55

Palate of the mouth:

Back 55

Anterior 2/3: hard palate;
Posterior 1/3: fibromuscular soft palate, formed by palatine aponeurosis and muscles.

Front 56

Actions of the soft palate:

Back 56

Elevate: to close off isthmus of pharynx;
Depress: to close off isthmus of fauces (throat);
Tense: so tongue can push against it, squeezing food backwards.

Front 57

Tensor veli palatini hooks around:

Back 57

Pterygoid hamulus.

Front 58

What muscles form the palatine aponeurosis?

Back 58

Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae.

Front 59

Nerve supply of soft palate muscles:

Back 59

CN V3: Tensor veli palatini;

CN X, pharyngeal plexus: Levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae.

Front 60

Arterial supply and venous drainage of hard and soft palate:

Back 60

Arterial: Greater and lesser palatine artery from descending palatine artery from maxillary artery, through greater and lesser palatine foramen, also anastomoses with ascending palatine artery from the facial artery;

Venous: drains into pterygoid venous plexus.

Front 61

Sensory innervation of the hard and soft palate:

Back 61

Branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V2): nasopalatine nerve that emerges from incisive canal (anterior hard palate); greater (anterior hard palate) and lesser (posterior soft palate, palatine tonsil) palatine nerves emerging from greater and lesser palatine foramen;

CN IX also supplies sensory innervation to posterior of soft palate.

Front 62

Sensory innervation of the palatine tonsil:

Back 62

Lesser palatine nerve.

Front 63

Circumvallate papilla supplied by:

Back 63

Glossopharyngeal nerve.