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306 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Exaggerated over curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column
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Kyphosis
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Lateral deviation of vertebral column
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scoliosis
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Major feature of cervical vertebrae
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transverse foramina
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vertebra located at level of iliac crest
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L4
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Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae
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ligamentum flavum
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Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column
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anterior longitudinal
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Ligament affected with whiplash injury
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Anterior longitudinal
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Ligament which limits skull rotation
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alar
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Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area
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pedicle
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defective portions of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area
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pars interarticularis, lamina
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common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae
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posterior
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structure in contact with posterior surface of dens
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transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate ligament)
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most commonly herniated intervertebral disc
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L4/L5
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Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc
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L5
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spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between c5/c6
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c6
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Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation
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sixth
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vertebral level of lumbar puncture
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L4
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innervation of suboccipital muscles
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suboccipital nerve
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roof of suboccipital triangle
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semispinalis capitis
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floor of suboccipital triangle
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posterior arch of the atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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major vessel within suboccipital triangle
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vertebral artery
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synonym for dorsal ramus of C2
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greater occipital nerve
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inferior extend of dura - arachnoid sac
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SV2
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Inferior extent of spinal cord
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L2
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Location of internal vertebral venous plexus
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extradural (epidural) space
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Most frequently fractured bone of body
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clavicle
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most frequently dislocated carpal bone
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lunate
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most frequently fractured carpal bone
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scaphoid
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name of fracture of distal radius that produces dinner fork appearance
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colles' fracture
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nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus
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axillary
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Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle
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ulnar
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nerve injured iwth fracture of shaft of humerus
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radial
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muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint
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deltoid
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muscles innervated by axillary nerve
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deltoid, teres minor
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muscle that initiates abduction of arm
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supraspinatus
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most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff
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supraspinatus
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two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm
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trapezius, serratus anterior
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tendon that courses through shoulder joint
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long head of biceps
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chief supinator muscle of hand
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biceps brachii
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injury to what nerve causes winged scapula
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long thoracic
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spinal levels of axillary nerve
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C5 and C6
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Spinal levels to muscles of hand
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C8 and T1
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Dermatome to thumb
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C6
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Nerve to thenar compartment
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recurrent branch of median
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nerve injured with wrist drop
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radial
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Innervation of adductor pollicis
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ulnar (deep branch)
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Innervation of all interosseous muscles of arm
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ulnar (deep branch)
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Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus
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shoulder muscles
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Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus
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intrinsic hand muscles
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nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome
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median
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nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome
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ulnar
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paralysis of which results in total claw hand
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lumbricals
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boundaries of femoral triangle
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inguinal ligament sartorius and adductor longus
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structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath
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femoral nerve
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structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath
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femoral vein
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contents of femoral canal
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deep inguinal lymph node
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medial boundary of femoral ring
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lacunar ligament
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structures that course throught entire length of the adductor canal
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femoral artery and vein
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structures that course through only portion of the adductor canal
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saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels
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muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa
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popliteus
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Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint
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iliopsoas
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muscle that prevents spelvis from tiltling when walking
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gluteus medius
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muscle that extends leg
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quadriceps femoris
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Muscle that unlocks knee joint
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popliteus
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muscle affected with foot slap
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tibialis anterior
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chief invertors of foot
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tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
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chief elevators of foot
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fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
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ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia
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anterior cruciate
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lgament laxity with positive valgus movement
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medial collateral
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most commonly injured ankle ligament
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anterior talofibular
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ligament stretched with flat foot
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spring or calcaneonavicular
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joints for movements of inversion and eversion
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subtalar and transverse tarsal (midtarsal)
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Major artery to head of femur in adult
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medial femoral circumflex
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nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula
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common fibular
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tendon affected with avulsion fracture of fith metatarsal bone
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fibularis brevis
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Innervation of adductor magnus
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obturator, tibial portion of sciatic nerve
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nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome
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tibial
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Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot
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saphenous (L4)
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Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot
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sural (S1)
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Cutaneous innervation to heel
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tibial
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cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2
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deep fibular
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cutaneous innervation to most of dorsum of foot
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superficial fibular
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major dermatome to big toe
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L4
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dermatome to small toe
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S1
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Spinal level of patellar reflex
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l4
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Spinal level of achilles reflex
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S1
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Locking of knee when walking suggests
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a meniscal tear
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major injury triad with lateral impact to knee
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medial collateral, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate
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dermatome around nipple
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T4
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Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula
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T7
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Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium
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Thymus
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Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly
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2nd rib
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Rib paralled by horizontal fissure of right lung
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4th rib
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Inferior extent of lung at MCL
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6th rib
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inferior extent of pleura in MCL
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8th rib
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Inferior extent of lung in midaxillary line
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8th rib
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inferior extent of pleural in midaxillary line
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10th rib
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inferior extent of lung posteriorly
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10th rib
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inferior extent of pleura posteriorly
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12th rib
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innervation of costal pleura
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intercostal nerves
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innervation of mediastinal pleura
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phrenic nerve
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site for auscultation of pulmonary valve
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left 2nd interspace
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site for auscultation of aortic valve
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right 2nd interspace
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site for auscultation of tricuspid valve
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xiphisternal joint
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site for auscultation of mitral valve
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Left 5th intercostal space MCL
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Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection
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right ventricle
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Chamber that forms apex of heart
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left ventricle
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major chamber that forms base of heart
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left atrium
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heart chamber that contains moderator band
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right ventricle
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Artery that determines coronary dominance
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posterior interventricular
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Usual origin of SA and Av nodal arteries
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right coronary artery
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Location of SA node
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Crista terminalis
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Major vessel that drains musculature of heart
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coronary sinus
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Innervation of fibrous pericardium
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phrenic nerve
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most common cause of systolic ejection murmur
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aortic stenosis
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Rib associated with sternal angle
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2nd rib
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vertebral level associated with sternal angle
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disc between T4 and T5
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Location of ductus arteriosus
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Between left pulmonary artery and aorta
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nerve potentially injured with repair of PDA
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left recurrent laryngeal
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Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic
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subclavian and internal jugular
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Veins that unite to form Superior Vena Cava
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Right and Left Brachiocephalic
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Termination of azygos vein
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Superior vena cava
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Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct
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Azygos vein, aorta
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Spinal level of greater splanchnic nerve
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T5-9
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Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve
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T10, T11
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Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve
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T12
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Thoracic structures that can compress esophagus
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Left Bronchus, aorta, diaphragm
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Disease often associated with thymoma
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Remnant of umbilical vein
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Round ligament of liver
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Dermatome to umbilical area
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T10
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Dermatome to suprapubic area
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L1
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Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery
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T12
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Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA
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L1
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Vertebral level asswociated with origin of renal arteries
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L2
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Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries
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L2
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Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA
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L3
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Vertebral level of umbilicus
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Disc L3/L4
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Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation
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L4
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Vertebral level for formation of IVC
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L5
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Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall
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T7-L1
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Structure that form superficial inguinal ring
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Aponeurosis of External oblique
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Structure that forms deep inguinal ring
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Transversalis Fascia
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Structure that forms inguinal canal
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inguinal ligament
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Bony attachment of inguinal ligament
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ASIS and pubic tubercle
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Structures that form conjoined tendon
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internal oblique and transversus abdominus
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Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic facia
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External oblique
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Abdominal layer continuous with cremasteric fascia
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internal oblique
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Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia
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Transversalis fascia
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Structure that lies between protrusion site of direct and indirect inguinal hernias
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inferior epigastric artery
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Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring
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indirect inguinal
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Most common type of hernia
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indirect inguinal
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Most common side for inderect hernia
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right side
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type of hernia that protrudes through hesselbach's triangle
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direct inguinal
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boundaries of hesselbach's triangle
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inguinal ligament, rectus abdominus, inferior epigastric artery and vein
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type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings
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indirect inguinal
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fluid in processus vaginalis
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hydrocele
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communication between greater and lesser sacs
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epiploic foramen
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Superior border of epiploic foramen
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caudate lobe of liver
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inferior border of epiploic foramen
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part one of duodenum
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posteror border of epiploic foramen
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IVC
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Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
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hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum)
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Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic gutter
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phrenicolic ligament
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Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment
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root of messentary
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Superior extent of right paracolic gutter
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hepatorenal recess
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most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity in female
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rectouterine pouch
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Structures supplied by celiac artery
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Stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas
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Branches of celiac artery
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Left gastric, common hepatic, splenic
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Blood supply to stomach
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right and left gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastrics
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Major structures of stomach bed
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pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal diaphragm
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Ducts that join to form common bile duct
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cystic and common hepatic
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structure that separates right and left lobes of liver
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falciform ligament
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origin of cystic artery
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right hepatic artery
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Ribs directly related to spleen
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Ribs 9-11
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Organs related to spleeen
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stomach, colon, left kidney and tail of pancreas
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Artery to small intestine
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SMA
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Organs supplied by both celiac artery and SMA
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duodenum and pancreas
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Organ supplied by both SMA and IMA
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Transverse colon
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Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas
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IVC
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Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas
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Portal Vein
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Veins that unite to form portal vein
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Splenic and superior mesenteric
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Clinicall important organs for portacaval anastamoses
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esophagus, rectum, liver
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Two structures that lie posterior to SMA near its origin
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Left renal vein and duodenum
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Three distinguing features of large intestine
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Tenia coli, haustra and fatty appendages
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Termination of left ovarian (testicular) vein
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Left renal vein
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Termination of right ovarian (testicular vein)
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IVC
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Location of inital pain of appendicitis
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umbilical region
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motor innervation of diaphragm
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phrenic
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Sensory innervation of diaphragm
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phrenic, intercostal nerves
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Spinal levels of phrenic nerve
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C3-5
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Vertebral level where IVC traverses diaphragm
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T8
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Vertebral level where esophagus traverses diaphragm
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T10
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Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus
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right and left vagus nerves
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Vertebral level where aorta traverses diaphragm
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T12
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Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta
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thoracic duct
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Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura
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greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
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Structure that separates pelvis and perineum
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pelvic diaphragm
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Two Major components of pelvic diaphragm
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levator ani, coccygeus
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Two major components of levator ani
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pubococcygeus, ileococcygeus
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Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall
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obterator internus, piriformis
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means by which obterator internus exits pelvis
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lesser sciatic foramen
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Means by which piriformis exits pelvis
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greater sciatic foramen
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innervation of detrusor muscle
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pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)
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Remnant of umbilical arteries
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medial umbillical ligaments
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Chief artery to rectal mucosa
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superior rectal
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Most common type of pelvic inlet in females
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gynecoid
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two remnants of gubernaculum in females
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ovarian ligament, round ligament
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ligament that contains ovarian vessels
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suspensory ligament of ovary
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lymph nodes for ovary and testis
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lateral aortic (lumbar)
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Normal position of uterus
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anteverted anteflexed
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chief uterine support
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pubococcygeus
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Ligament that contains uterine vessels
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lateral cervical (cardinal)
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Structure potenitally injured with hysterectomy
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ureter
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relation of ureter to uterine artery
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inferior and posterior
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structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces
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perineal membrane (inferior fascia of Urogenital diaphragm)
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Bony landmarks between anal urogenital triangle
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ischial tuberosities
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lateral walls of ischioanal fossa
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fascia of obterator internus
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structure that forms pudendal canal
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fascia of obturator internus
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structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids
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pectinate line
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lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal
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internal iliac, inferior mesenteric
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lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal
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superficial inguinal
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major structure of deep perineal space
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sphincter urethrae
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lymph nodes for glans penis
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deep inguinal
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muscle which compresses bulb of penis
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bulbospongiosus
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muscle which compresses crus of penis
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ischiocavernosus
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muscles which meet at perineal body
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superficial and deep perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter and pubococcygeus
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Vertebral level of hyoid bone
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C3
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vertebral leve of thyroid cartilage
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C4/C5
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vertebral level of cricoid cartilage
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C6
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Muscles innervated by CN XI
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Trapezius and SCM
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Structures that course between ant and middle scalene
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brachial plexus and subclavian artery
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Innervation of omohyoid,sternohyoid and sternothyroid
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ansa cervicalis
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innervation of digastric muscle
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anterior belly, CN V3, posterior belly and CN VII
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Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body
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CN IX and X
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Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor muscle
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auditory tube levator veli palatini
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Nerves of pharyngeal plexus
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CN IX, X and sympathetics
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Only muscle innervated by CN IX
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Stylopharyngeus
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Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane
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internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery
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only muscle to abduct vocal cords
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posterior cricoarytenoid
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innervation of cricothyroid
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external laryngeal nerve
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innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid
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recurrent laryngeal
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Muscles that increas tension of vocal cords
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cricothyroid
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sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords
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internal laryngeal
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sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords
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recurrent laryngeal
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site of aspirated lodged fishbone
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piriform recess
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afferent-efferent limbs of gag reflex
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CN 9 and 10
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Afferent-efferent limbs of cough reflex
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both CN 10
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Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thryoid surgery
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recurrent laryngeal
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chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus
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CN 7 and 8
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forament where cn 7 exits skull
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stylomastoid foramen
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major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura
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middle meningeal
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major cutaneous nerve of face
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CN V
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major artery to internal structures of head
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maxillary
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spinal levels of symp fibers to head
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T1 and T2
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Autonomic ganglion for CN III
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ciliary
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Autonomic ganglion for CN 7
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submandibular and pterygopalatine
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Sensory ganglion for CN 7
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geniculate ganglion
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autonomic ganglion for CN 9
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otic
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muscle attached to disc of tmy
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lateral pterygoid
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muscle which retracts mandible
|
temporalis
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major nerve to TMJ (pain with TMJ syndrome)
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auriculotemporal
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Specific nerves that elicit secretion from parotid gland
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tympanic branch of CN 9, lesser petrosal
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branch of CN 5 that carries ps to parotic
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auriculotemporal
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structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity
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posterior ethmoid sinus
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structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity
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frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses
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Structure that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity
|
nasolacrimal duct
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major artery to nasal cavity
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sphenopalatine
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most common site of nose bleed
|
kiesselbach's plexus
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innervation of levator veli palatini
|
CN 10
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Muscle that opens auditory tube
|
tensor veli palatini
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innervation of tensor veli palatini
|
CN V3
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Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
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chorda tympani
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site of cell bodies for nerve that has taste to ant 2/3rds of tongue
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geniculate ganglion
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specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland
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chorda tympani
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Branch of CN 5 that carries PS to submandibular
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lingual
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nerve injured when tonsillar pillars sag and uvula deviates
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Vagus
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Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy
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Glossopharyngeal
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Muscle that protrudes tongue
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Genioglossus
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Nerve injured with deviation of protruted tongue
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CN 12
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Specific nerve that stimulates tear production
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greater petrosal (CN 7)
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sensory nerve to cornea
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CN V1 (nasociliary)
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Muscle that elevates and abducts eye
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inferior oblique
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Muscle that depresses and abducts eye
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superior oblique
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site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicit dilation of pupil
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lateral horn, T1 and T2
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Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicit dilation of pupil
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Supeiror cervical ganglion
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Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicit constricition of pupil
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edinger westphal nucleus
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Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicit constriction of pupil
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ciliary ganglion
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innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane
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auriculotemporal , CN 10
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Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane
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CN 10
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Level where ascending aorta is continuos with arch of aorta
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T4/T5
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Level where arch of aorta is continuos with descending aorta
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T4/T5
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Effect of symp nerves on lungs
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bronchodilation, vasoconstriction
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effects of ps nerves on lungs
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bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and glandular secretion
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rationale for aspired small objects to go to the right pulmonary primary bronchus
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wider diameter, shorter, more vertical
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needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping
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superior to 12th rib posteriorly
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name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk
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conus arteriosus or infundibulum
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name given to orientation where the uterus and vagina intersect at a 90 degree angle
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anteversion
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Name given to orientation where utering body and cervix intersect at a 10 to 15 degree angle
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anteflexion
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ridge located between the sinus venarum and right auricle
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crista terminalis
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nerve at rish when repairing a PDA surgically
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left recurrent laryngeal
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nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy
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both left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves
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Specific muscle that holds that patella in place
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vastus medialis
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First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve
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vastus medialis
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Last protion of quadriceps femoris to recover following surgery
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vastus medialis
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innervation to nail bed of middle finger
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median nerve
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innervation to nail bed of ring finger
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ulnar and median
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Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4
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L4
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