Anatomy Of Upper Limb

Front 1

Pronator teres:
Origin

Back 1

Medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Front 2

Pronator teres:
Insertion

Back 2

Lateral side of the shaft of the radius.

Front 3

Pronator teres:
Nerve supply

Back 3

Median nerve.

Front 4

Pronator teres:
Action

Back 4

Pronates the forearm. Flexes the elbow joint.

Front 5

Pronator quadratus:
Origin

Back 5

Lower quarter oaf anterior surface of ulna.

Front 6

Pronator quadratus:
Insertion

Back 6

Anterior surface of radius.

Front 7

Pronator quadratus:
Nerve supply

Back 7

Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve).

Front 8

Pronator quadratus:
Action

Back 8

Pronates the forearm.

Front 9

Brachioradialis:
Origin

Back 9

Upper two-thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum.

Front 10

Brachioradialis:
Insertion

Back 10

Just above styloid process of radius.

Front 11

Brachioradialis:
Nerve supply

Back 11

Radial nerve.

Front 12

Brachioradialis:
Action

Back 12

Flexes the elbow and rotates the forearm from either prone or supine position to mid-prone-supine position.

Front 13

Flexor carpi radialis:
Origin

Back 13

Medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Front 14

Flexor carpi radialis:
Insertion

Back 14

Base of second and third metacarpals.

Front 15

Flexor carpi radialis:
Nerve supply

Back 15

Median nerve.

Front 16

Flexor carpi radialis:
Action

Back 16

Flexes the wrist

Front 17

Palmaris longus:
Origin

Back 17

Medial epicondyle of humerus.

Front 18

Palmaris longus:
Insertion

Back 18

Palmar fascia.

Front 19

Palmaris longus:
Nerve supply

Back 19

Median nerve.

Front 20

Palmaris longus:
Action

Back 20

Flexes the wrist.

Front 21

Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Origin

Back 21

From the medial epicondyle and the olecranon and upper two-thirds of posterior border of ulna.

Front 22

Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Insertion

Back 22

Pisiform bone.

Front 23

Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Nerve supply

Back 23

Ulnar nerve.

Front 24

Flexor carpi ulnaris:
Action

Back 24

Flexes and adducts the wrist.

Front 25

Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Origin

Back 25

From the medial epicondyle, tubercle on the medial side of coronoid process of ulna and the anterior border of radius.

Front 26

Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Insertion

Back 26

Splits into four tendons at wrist. Inserted into sides of middle phalanges.

Front 27

Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Nerve supply

Back 27

Median nerve.

Front 28

Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Action

Back 28

Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.

Front 29

Flexor digitorum profundus:
Origin

Back 29

Upper three-quarters of anterior and medial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane.

Front 30

Flexor digitorum profundus:
Insertion

Back 30

Base of terminal phalanges.

Front 31

Flexor digitorum profundus:
Nerve supply

Back 31

Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) and ulnar nerve (medial part).

Front 32

Flexor digitorum profundus:
Action

Back 32

Flexes fingers and wrist.

Front 33

Flexor pollicis longus:
Origin

Back 33

Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane.

Front 34

Flexor pollicis longus:
Insertion

Back 34

Terminal phalanx of thumb.

Front 35

Flexor pollicis longus:
Nerve supply

Back 35

Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve).

Front 36

Flexor pollicis longus:
Action

Back 36

Flexes terminal phalanx of thumb.

Front 37

Trapezius:
Origin

Back 37

Nuchal ligament, skull, C7-T12

Front 38

Trapezius:
Insertion

Back 38

lateral third of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion

Front 39

Trapezius:
Nerve Supply

Back 39

Spinal Accessory Nerve CN XI

Front 40

Trapezius:
Action

Back 40

Elevate, retract, depress scapula

Front 41

Latissimus Dorsi:
Origin

Back 41

T7-sacrum, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs

Front 42

Latissimus Dorsi:
Insertion

Back 42

intertubercular groove (Lady between two majors)

Front 43

Latissimus Dorsi:
Nerve Supply

Back 43

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)

Front 44

Latissimus Dorsi:
Action

Back 44

extend, adduct, medially rotate arm

Front 45

Rhomboid Major:
Origin

Back 45

T2-T5

Front 46

Rhomboid Major:
Insertion

Back 46

medial border scapula from spine to inferior angle

Front 47

Rhomboid Major:
Action

Back 47

Retract scapula, rotate to depress glenoid cavity

Front 48

Rhomboid Major:
Nerve Supply

Back 48

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Front 49

Rhomboid Minor:
Origin

Back 49

Spinous process of C7-T1

Front 50

Rhomboid Minor:
Insertion

Back 50

Medial border of scapula superior to spine

Front 51

Rhomboid Minor:
Action

Back 51

Retract scapula, rotate to depress glenoid cavity

Front 52

Rhomboid Minor:
Nerve supply

Back 52

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Front 53

Deltoid:
Origin

Back 53

Lateral third clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Front 54

Deltoid:
Insetion

Back 54

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Front 55

Deltoid:
Action

Back 55

clavicular: flex/medially rotate arm, acromial: abducts arm, spinal: extend/laterally rotate arm

Front 56

Deltoid:
Nerve Supply

Back 56

Axillary Nerve (C5-6)

Front 57

Supraspinatus:
Origin

Back 57

Supraspinous fossa

Front 58

Supraspinatus:
Insertion

Back 58

superior greater tubercle of humerus

Front 59

Supraspinatus:
Action

Back 59

Abduct arm first 90, rotator cuff
Part of SITS

Front 60

Supraspinatus:
Nerve Supply

Back 60

Suprascapular Nerve (C4-6)

Front 61

Infraspinatus:
Origin

Back 61

Infraspinous fossa

Front 62

Infraspinatus:
Insertion

Back 62

middle greater tubercle of humerus

Front 63

Infraspinatus:
Action

Back 63

Laterally rotates arm, rotator cuff
Part of SITS

Front 64

Infraspinatus:
Nerver Supply

Back 64

Suprascapular Nerve (C5-6)

Front 65

Teres Minor:
Origin

Back 65

upper lateral border of scapula

Front 66

Teres Minor:
Insertion

Back 66

interior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 67

Teres Minor:
Action

Back 67

laterally rotates arm, rotator cuff
Part of SITS

Front 68

Teres Minor:
Nerve Supply

Back 68

Axillary Nerve (C5-6)

Front 69

Teres Major:
Origin

Back 69

inferior angle of scapula

Front 70

Teres Major:
Insertion

Back 70

medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (Lady between two majors)

Front 71

Teres Major:
Action

Back 71

adducts and medially rotates arm

Front 72

Teres Major:
Nerve Supply

Back 72

Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-6)

Front 73

Subscapularis:
Origin

Back 73

subscapular fossa

Front 74

Subscapularis:
Insertion

Back 74

lesser tubercle of humerus

Front 75

Subscapularis:
Action

Back 75

medially rotates arm, rotator cuff
Part of SITS

Front 76

Subscapularis:
Nerve Suppy

Back 76

Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5-7)

Front 77

Levator Scapulae:
Origin

Back 77

C1-C4

Front 78

Levator Scapulae:
Insertion

Back 78

medial border of the scapula, superior angle to the spine

Front 79

Levator Scapulae:
Action

Back 79

elevates scapula, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly

Front 80

Levator Scapulae:
Nerve Supply

Back 80

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5), Cervical Nerve (C3-4)

Front 81

Biceps Brachii:
Origin

Back 81

Short head: coracoid process, Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Front 82

Biceps Brachii:
Insertion

Back 82

radial tuberosity

Front 83

Biceps Brachii:
Action

Back 83

flexes elbow, long head flexes arm, strong supinator when arm is flexed

Front 84

Biceps Brachii:
Nerve Supply

Back 84

Musculocutaneous (C5,C6)

Front 85

Pectoralis Major:
Origin

Back 85

medial 1/2 clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6

Front 86

Pectoralis Major:
Insertion

Back 86

lateral intertubercular groove of humerus (Lady between two majors)

Front 87

Pectoralis Major:
Action

Back 87

Flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm

Front 88

Pectoralis Major:
Nerve Supply

Back 88

Medial (C8-T1) and Lateral Pectoral Nerves (C5-C7)

Front 89

Pectoralis Minor:
Origin

Back 89

ribs 3-5

Front 90

Pectoralis Minor:
Insertion

Back 90

coracoid process

Front 91

Pectoralis Minor:
Action

Back 91

Draws scapula forward, medially, downward

Front 92

Pectoralis Minor:
Nerve Supply

Back 92

Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1)

Front 93

Coracobrachialis:
Origin

Back 93

coracoid process

Front 94

Coracobrachialis:
Insertion

Back 94

mid shaft of humerus
flexes shoulder and adducts arm

Front 95

Coracobrachialis:
Action

Back 95

resists shoulder dislocation

Front 96

Coracobrachialis:
Nerve Supply

Back 96

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)

Front 97

Brachialis:
Origin

Back 97

mid shaft humerus

Front 98

Brachialis:
Insertion

Back 98

ulnar tuberosity

Front 99

Brachialis:
Action

Back 99

flexes elbow

Front 100

Brachialis:
Nerve Supply

Back 100

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)

Front 101

Triceps:
Origin

Back 101

Long head: infraaglenoid tubercle,
lateral head: superior radial groove,
medial head: inferior radial groove

Front 102

Triceps:
Insertion

Back 102

olecranon of ulna

Front 103

Triceps:
Action

Back 103

extends forearm
long head: extends/adducts arm

Front 104

Triceps:
Nerve Supply

Back 104

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Front 105

Musculocutaneous Nerve Innervates:

Back 105

Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis (pierces here)
Brachialis

Front 106

Radial Nerve Innervates:

Back 106

Superficial: Brachioradialis, ECRL, sensory dorsal hand
Deep: Extensors, Abductor Pollicus Longus, Supinator(penetrates)
Upper: Triceps
Triangular interval with profunda brachial artery

Front 107

Axillary Nerve Innervates:

Back 107

Teres Minor, Deltoid, Superolateral Arm
Quadrangular space with circumflex humeral artery

Front 108

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Origin

Back 108

Common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle)

Front 109

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Insertion

Back 109

base of 3rd metacarpal

Front 110

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Action

Back 110

Extension of wrist, abduction

Front 111

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):
Nerve Supply

Back 111

Deep Radial Nerve (C7)

Front 112

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Origin

Back 112

Common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle)

Front 113

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Insertion

Back 113

base of 2nd metacarpal

Front 114

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Action

Back 114

Extension of wrist, abduction

Front 115

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):
Nerve Supply

Back 115

Radial Nerve (C6-C7)

Front 116

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Origin

Back 116

Common extensor origin (lateral epicondyle)

Front 117

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Insertion

Back 117

base of 5th metacarpal

Front 118

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Action

Back 118

Extension of wrist, abduction

Front 119

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):
Nerve Supply

Back 119

Deep Radial Nerve (C7)

Front 120

Brachioradialis:
Origin

Back 120

Brachium of humerus

Front 121

Brachioradialis:
Insertion

Back 121

styloid of radius

Front 122

Brachioradialis:
Action

Back 122

Flexion of elbow when in partially pronated position

Front 123

Brachioradialis:
Nerver Supply

Back 123

Superficial Radial Nerve (C6)

Front 124

Thoracodorsal Nerve Innervates:

Back 124

latissimus dorsi

Front 125

Subscapular Nerve (Upper and Lower) Innervates:

Back 125

Upper: Subscapularis
Lower: Subscapularis, Teres Major

Front 126

Lateral Pectoral Nerve Innervates:

Back 126

Pectoralis Major

Front 127

Ulnar Nerve Innervates:

Back 127

FCU, FDP (ulnar half), abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., opponens digiti minimi m., ulnar 2 lumbrical mm., palmar and dorsal interosseous mm

Front 128

Medial Pectoral Nerve Innervates:

Back 128

Pectoralis Major and Minor

Front 129

Median Nerve Innervates:

Back 129

pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., FDS, FDP (radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis m., lateral 2 lumbrical mm.

Front 130

Long Thoracic Nerve Innervates:

Back 130

Serratus Anterior

Front 131

Suprascapular Nerve Innervates:

Back 131

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus

Front 132

Dorsal Scapular Nerve Innervates:

Back 132

Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae

Front 133

Injury to Upper Trunk (C5/C6)
Causes:breech birth, violent displacement of head from shoulder
Effects:Proximal weakness of arm-->loss of abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation-->waiter's tip hand (arm in medial rotation, loss of lateral rotator function)

Back 133

Erb's Palsy

Front 134

Carpal Bones
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle

Back 134

Thumb to pinkie:
Proximal: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Distal: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Front 135

Injury: overuse of ECRL and ECRB, lateral epicondylitis

Back 135

Tennis Elbow

Front 136

Anconeous:
Origin

Back 136

lateral epicondyle

Front 137

Anconeous:
Insertion

Back 137

olecranon and upper 1/4 of ulna

Front 138

Anconeous:
Action

Back 138

extends forearm

Front 139

Anconeous:
Nerve Supply

Back 139

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Front 140

Injury: overuse of flexors, medial epicondylitis

Back 140

Golfer's Elbow

Front 141

Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Origin

Back 141

Lateral epicondyle

Front 142

Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Action

Back 142

Extends fingers and hand

Front 143

Extensor Digitorum (ED):
Nerve Supply

Back 143

Radial Nerve

Front 144

Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Insertion

Back 144

Extensor expansion of proximal 4 digits before PIP

Front 145

Extensor Digitorum (Communis, ED):
Insertion

Back 145

Extensor expansion of proximal 4 digits before PIP

Front 146

Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Origin

Back 146

Lateral epicondyle and interosseus membrane

Front 147

Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Insertion

Back 147

extensor expansion, base of middle and distal phalanges of 5th digit

Front 148

Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Action

Back 148

Extends little finger, adducts

Front 149

Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):
Nerve Supply

Back 149

Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM):

Front 150

Sign of radial nerve injury--> can't extend wrist/fingers
High lesion: curled up triceps as well (supinator dead but can supinate with bicep)
Low lesion: Policeman's tip

Back 150

Wrist drop

Front 151

Space: surgical neck of humerus, long head triceps, teres minor, teres major
Contains axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Back 151

Quadrangular Space

Front 152

Space: teres major, teres minor, long head triceps
contains circumflex scapular artery

Back 152

triangular space

Front 153

Space: teres major, long head of triceps, mid-shaft humerus
contains radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

Back 153

Triangular Interval

Front 154

Area: Tendons of EPL (medial) and EPB/APL (lateral)
styloid of radius (proximal)
scaphoid and trapezium (floor)
contains radial artery-->pulse
Check here for fractured Scaphoid

Back 154

Anatomical Snuffbox

Front 155

Extensor Indicis (EI):
Origin

Back 155

Distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane

Front 156

Extensor Indicis (EI):
Insertion

Back 156

extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Front 157

Extensor Indicis (EI):
Action

Back 157

Extends 2nd digit independently, helps extend wrist

Front 158

Extensor Indicis (EI):
Nerve Supply

Back 158

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C7)

Front 159

Supinator:
Origin

Back 159

Lateral epicondyle/radial collateral, annular ligaments

Front 160

Supinator:
Insertion

Back 160

proximal third of radius

Front 161

Supinator:
Action

Back 161

Supinates forearm, rotates forearm when elbow is flexed

Front 162

Supinator:
Nerve Supply

Back 162

Deep Radial Nerve (C8)

Front 163

Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Origin

Back 163

Posterior proximal ulna, radius, interosseous membrane

Front 164

Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Insertion

Back 164

Base of 1st metacarpal

Front 165

Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Acion

Back 165

Abduct/extend thumb at CM joint

Front 166

Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):
Nerve Supply

Back 166

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C8)

Front 167

Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
origin

Back 167

Posterior middle 1/3 ulna and interosseous membrane

Front 168

Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
Insertion

Back 168

Base and distal phalanx of thumb

Front 169

Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
Action

Back 169

Extends thumb at IP, MP, and CM joints

Front 170

Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):
Nerve Supply

Back 170

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C8)

Front 171

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Origin

Back 171

Posterior distal third radius and interosseous membrane

Front 172

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Insertion

Back 172

proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 173

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Action

Back 173

Extends thumb at MP and CM joints

Front 174

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):
Nerve Supply

Back 174

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Deep Radial, C8)

Front 175

Extensor Retinaculum

Back 175

Prevents extensor tendons bowing out
Covers dorsal wrist joint

Front 176

Injury: Lower Trunk injury (C8-T1, Ulnar Nerve)
Causes: breech delivery (birth palsy/obstetric paralysis), cervical rib, abnormal insertion or spasm of scalene muscles
Effects: Claw Hand

Back 176

Klumpke's Paralysis

Front 177

Injury to median nerve (C5-7)
Causes: supracondylar fracture or compression of carpal tunnel
Effects: lose pronation, thumb opposition, lateral two IPs, impair two medial IPs. Flattening of thenar muscles

Back 177

Ape Hand