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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the physical boundaries of the hypothalamus?
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anterior commissure
posterior commissure/mammillary bodies internal capsule third ventricle hypothalamic sulcus |
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The pituitary gland is related to the hypothalamus in what way
a) morphological b) functional c) anatomical d) they are unrelated e) a and b f) b and c |
f
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The infundibulum is part of the __________ aspect of the ________________.
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posterior; pituitary gland
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What function does the preoptic nucleus have>
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thermoregulation
-autonomic and behavioural change - water retention |
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the ___________ nucleus of the pituitayr detects increased body temperature
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anterior
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The _____________ nucleus of the pituitary mediated circadian rhythms.
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suprachiasmatic
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The arcuate nucleus has receptors for what ?
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ghrelin & leptin peptides
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fx of the mammillary body?
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memory and recognition
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The lateral nucleus of the tuberal region has what fx?
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fx in appetite
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four structures that provide input to the hypothalamus?
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forebrain
BS/SC hippocampus amygdala |
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the "emotional centre" of the brain is known as the
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limbic system
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the limbic system connects what two areas
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hypothalamus
neocortex |
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Match the following structure with its general fx,
hypothalamus amygdala olfactory complex hippocampus olfactory emotion memory homeostasis |
1. homeostasis – hypothalamus
2. olfactory – olfactory cortex 3. memory – hippocampus 4. emotion – amygdala |
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The amygdala is medially connected with the ____________ system.
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olfactory
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The amygdala is basolaterally connected with ______________.
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other general cortical areas to make the connection between emotion and expression
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What are the 4 amygdalal afferent pathways?
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- olfactory tract
- direct from temporal lobe structures (neocortical areas and hippocampus) - stria terminalis (from hypothalamus and septal nuclei) - ventral amydalofugal pathway (anterior cingulate, thalamus, hypothalamus) |
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What are functions of the amygdala?
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- link perception of objects and situations with emotions
- link experiences to memories |
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What is Kluver Bucy syndrome?
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bilateral temporal lobe lesion causing loss of amygdala and visual association complex resulting in
- visual agnosia - hyperorality - hypersexuality - placidity (always calm) |
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which structure is critical for memory?
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hippocampus
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name the parts of the hippocampus
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dentate gyrus
hippocampus proper subiculum |
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how are the layers of the dentate gyrus arranged?
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- molecular layer
- granular layer - polymorphic cell layer |
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how are th layers of the hippocampus proper arranged?
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- molecular layer
- pyramidal layer - polymorphic layer |
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CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 are all types of what
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hippocampal cells
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`CA1 cells are ____________ and occur in the ____________ of the hippocampus.
a) magnocellular; subiculum b) parvocellular; dentate gyrus c) magnocellular; hippocampus proper d) parvocellular; subiculum e) none of the above is correct |
d
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what type of cells are present within the magnocellular zone of the hippocampus?
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CA3
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Describe the route of hippocampal efferents
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1. entorhinal efferents to
2. dentate gyrate cells. They receive the entorhinal efferents and project to 3. CA3 neurons which project to the fornix via fimbria OR go to 4. CA1 neurons which go to 5. subiculum neurons that send info to fornix via alveus or go 6. back to entorhinal cortex |
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The _______ of the hippocampus carries mostly efferent information.
a) crus b) fornix c) body d) columns e) all of the above |
b
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where is the entorhinal cortex located?
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parahippocampal gyrus
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What is the main source of hippocampal afferents?
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entorhinal cortex
(additional info from amygdala and septal nuclei) |
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What is the main source for hippocampal efferents?
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subiculum
(then to entorhinal cortex, amygdala or cingulate gyrus...) |
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What is the Circuit of Papez?
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loop connecting neocortex hypothalamus and limbic system
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Describe the route of the circuit of papez.
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1. entorhinal cortex to hippocampus
2. hippocampus to mammillary body – via fornix 3. mammillary body to thalamus (anterior nucleus) – anterior nucleus also receives input from fornix 4. anterior nucleus to cingulate gyrus – via internal capsule 5. cingulate gyrus to entorhinal cortex – main input to hippocampus – via cingulum |
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The hippocampus is considered to be the main structure related to memory. Other additional structures contributing to memory and learning are:
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amygdala
basal ganglia cerebellum |
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The model of memory consolidation which increases neurotransmitter release at synapses is:
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long term potentiation
system becomes "primed" and causes paired stimuli and responses known as memory |
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neuronal loss in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum cause the well known disease/disorder:
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Alzheimer's
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Which disorder is common in chronic alcoholics? What areas does neuronal loss occur in?
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DM thalamus
mammillary bod fornix (Korsakoff syndrome) |