Anatomy Of The Eye I: Hypothalamus And Limbic System

Front 1

What are the physical boundaries of the hypothalamus?

Back 1

anterior commissure
posterior commissure/mammillary bodies
internal capsule
third ventricle
hypothalamic sulcus

Front 2

The pituitary gland is related to the hypothalamus in what way

a) morphological
b) functional
c) anatomical
d) they are unrelated
e) a and b
f) b and c

Back 2

f

Front 3

The infundibulum is part of the __________ aspect of the ________________.

Back 3

posterior; pituitary gland

Front 4

What function does the preoptic nucleus have>

Back 4

thermoregulation
-autonomic and behavioural change
- water retention

Front 5

the ___________ nucleus of the pituitayr detects increased body temperature

Back 5

anterior

Front 6

The _____________ nucleus of the pituitary mediated circadian rhythms.

Back 6

suprachiasmatic

Front 7

The arcuate nucleus has receptors for what ?

Back 7

ghrelin & leptin peptides

Front 8

fx of the mammillary body?

Back 8

memory and recognition

Front 9

The lateral nucleus of the tuberal region has what fx?

Back 9

fx in appetite

Front 10

four structures that provide input to the hypothalamus?

Back 10

forebrain
BS/SC
hippocampus
amygdala

Front 11

the "emotional centre" of the brain is known as the

Back 11

limbic system

Front 12

the limbic system connects what two areas

Back 12

hypothalamus
neocortex

Front 13

Match the following structure with its general fx,
hypothalamus
amygdala
olfactory complex
hippocampus

olfactory
emotion
memory
homeostasis

Back 13

1. homeostasis – hypothalamus
2. olfactory – olfactory cortex
3. memory – hippocampus
4. emotion – amygdala

Front 14

The amygdala is medially connected with the ____________ system.

Back 14

olfactory

Front 15

The amygdala is basolaterally connected with ______________.

Back 15

other general cortical areas to make the connection between emotion and expression

Front 16

What are the 4 amygdalal afferent pathways?

Back 16

- olfactory tract
- direct from temporal lobe structures (neocortical areas and hippocampus)
- stria terminalis (from hypothalamus and septal nuclei)
- ventral amydalofugal pathway (anterior cingulate, thalamus, hypothalamus)

Front 17

What are functions of the amygdala?

Back 17

- link perception of objects and situations with emotions
- link experiences to memories

Front 18

What is Kluver Bucy syndrome?

Back 18

bilateral temporal lobe lesion causing loss of amygdala and visual association complex resulting in
- visual agnosia
- hyperorality
- hypersexuality
- placidity (always calm)

Front 19

which structure is critical for memory?

Back 19

hippocampus

Front 20

name the parts of the hippocampus

Back 20

dentate gyrus
hippocampus proper
subiculum

Front 21

how are the layers of the dentate gyrus arranged?

Back 21

- molecular layer
- granular layer
- polymorphic cell layer

Front 22

how are th layers of the hippocampus proper arranged?

Back 22

- molecular layer
- pyramidal layer
- polymorphic layer

Front 23

CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 are all types of what

Back 23

hippocampal cells

Front 24

`CA1 cells are ____________ and occur in the ____________ of the hippocampus.

a) magnocellular; subiculum
b) parvocellular; dentate gyrus
c) magnocellular; hippocampus proper
d) parvocellular; subiculum
e) none of the above is correct

Back 24

d

Front 25

what type of cells are present within the magnocellular zone of the hippocampus?

Back 25

CA3

Front 26

Describe the route of hippocampal efferents

Back 26

1. entorhinal efferents to
2. dentate gyrate cells. They receive the
entorhinal efferents and project to
3. CA3 neurons which project to the fornix via fimbria OR go to
4. CA1 neurons which go to
5. subiculum neurons that send info to fornix via alveus or go
6. back to entorhinal cortex

Front 27

The _______ of the hippocampus carries mostly efferent information.

a) crus
b) fornix
c) body
d) columns
e) all of the above

Back 27

b

Front 28

where is the entorhinal cortex located?

Back 28

parahippocampal gyrus

Front 29

What is the main source of hippocampal afferents?

Back 29

entorhinal cortex
(additional info from amygdala and septal nuclei)

Front 30

What is the main source for hippocampal efferents?

Back 30

subiculum

(then to entorhinal cortex, amygdala or cingulate gyrus...)

Front 31

What is the Circuit of Papez?

Back 31

loop connecting neocortex hypothalamus and limbic system

Front 32

Describe the route of the circuit of papez.

Back 32

1. entorhinal cortex to hippocampus
2. hippocampus to mammillary body
– via fornix
3. mammillary body to thalamus (anterior nucleus)
– anterior nucleus also receives input from fornix
4. anterior nucleus to cingulate gyrus
– via internal capsule
5. cingulate gyrus to entorhinal cortex
– main input to hippocampus
– via cingulum

Front 33

The hippocampus is considered to be the main structure related to memory. Other additional structures contributing to memory and learning are:

Back 33

amygdala
basal ganglia
cerebellum

Front 34

The model of memory consolidation which increases neurotransmitter release at synapses is:

Back 34

long term potentiation

system becomes "primed" and causes paired stimuli and responses known as memory

Front 35

neuronal loss in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum cause the well known disease/disorder:

Back 35

Alzheimer's

Front 36

Which disorder is common in chronic alcoholics? What areas does neuronal loss occur in?

Back 36

DM thalamus
mammillary bod
fornix

(Korsakoff syndrome)