Anatomy Of Muscular System

Front 1

Endomysium

Back 1

Delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers (each fiber)

Front 2

Perimysium

Back 2

Tough connective tissue binding together fascicles

Front 3

Epimysium

Back 3

Coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole

Front 4

Fascia

Back 4

The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the muscle and is outside the epimysium & tendon

Front 5

Origin

Back 5

Point of attachment that does not move when muscle contracts (usually proximal point)

Front 6

Insertion

Back 6

Point of attachment that moves when muscle contracts (usually distal point)

Front 7

Belly

Back 7

The central body portion of the muscleis muscle

Front 8

Prime movers (agonists)

Back 8

Muscles or groups of muscles that directly perform a specific movement

Front 9

Antagonists

Back 9

-Muscles that, when contracting, directly oppose prime movers

-Provide precision and control during contraction of prime movers

Front 10

Synergists

Back 10

-Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime movers

-Produce a more efficient movement

Front 11

Fixator muscles

Back 11

Joint stabilizers

Front 12

Lever systems

What are the 4 parts?

Back 12

-Bones serve as levers and joints serve as fulcrums. Contracting muscle applies a pulling force on a bone lever at the point of the muscle’s attachment to the bone, causing the insertion bone to move about its joint-fulcrum

-Rigid bar (bone)
-Fulcrum (F) around which the rod moves (joint)
-Load (L) that is moved
-Pull (P) that produces movement (muscle contraction)

Front 13

First-class levers

Back 13

• Fulcrum lies between the pull and the load
• Not abundant in human body; serve as levers of stability

Front 14

Second-class levers

Back 14

• Load lies between the fulcrum and the pull
• Controversy exists regarding presence of these levers
in the human body

Front 15

Third-class levers

Back 15

• Pull is exerted between the fulcrum and the load
• Permit rapid and extensive movement
• Most common type of lever found in the body

Front 16

Muscles of facial expression

Back 16

Buccinator muscle is responsible for smiling.

Front 17

Muscles of mastication

Back 17

Responsible for
chewing movements.

Masseter muscle assists
with mastication.

Front 18

Muscles that move the head

Back 18

Paired muscles
on either side of the neck are responsible for
head movements

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 19

Muscles of the thorax

Back 19

Critical importance in
respiration.

External intercostals elevates the ribs (inspiration) while internal intercostals & innermost intercostals lower the ribs (expiration).

Front 20

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Back 20

Arranged in three
layers, with fibers in each layer running in different
directions to increase strength

Front 21

Muscles of the pelvic floor

Back 21

The Levator ani muscle makes the pelvic floor

Front 22

Rotator cuff muscles

Back 22

-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Subscapularis
-Teres minor

Front 23

Extrinsic foot muscles

Back 23

Located in the leg and foot exert their actions by pulling on tendons that insert on bones in the ankle and foot

Responsible for dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and , eversioneversi

Front 24

Intrinsic foot muscles

Back 24

Located within the foot

Responsible for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the toes