Anatomy: Neuro

Front 1

Name the neruoglia of the CNS

Back 1

oligodenroglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia

Front 2

Name the neuroglia of the PNS

Back 2

satellite cells and neurolemma (Schwann) cells

Front 3

Functions of CNS

Back 3

integrate and coordinate incoming and outgoin gneural signals and to carry out higher mental functions

Front 4

collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Back 4

nucleus

Front 5

Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting neighboring or distant nuclei of the CNS

Back 5

tract

Front 6

Name three membranous layers of the meninges

Back 6

Pia, Arachnoid and Dura

Front 7

What is the innermost menigeal layer?

Back 7

pia mater

Front 8

The CSF is located between which layers?

Back 8

pia and arachnoid

Front 9

What is the outermost menigeal layer?

Back 9

dura mater

Front 10

Consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses to or away from the CNS?

Back 10

PNS

Front 11

Consists of an axon, its neurolemma and surrounding endoneruial connective tissue

Back 11

Peripheral nerve fiber

Front 12

Name the three connective tissue coverings on a peripheral nerve.

Back 12

1. Endoneurium
2. Perineurium
3. Epineurium

Front 13

A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Back 13

Ganglion

Front 14

Sensory Fibers

Back 14

Afferent

Front 15

Motor Fibers

Back 15

Efferent

Front 16

Convey neural impulses to the CNS from sense organs and sensory receptors in the body

Back 16

Afferent fibers

Front 17

Convey neural impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands)

Back 17

Efferent Fibers

Front 18

Either cranial or spinal nerves

Back 18

Peripheral nerves

Front 19

Which cranial nerve arises from the superior part of the spinal cord?

Back 19

CN XI

Front 20

How many cranial nerves?

Back 20

12

Front 21

How many spinal nerves?

Back 21

31

Front 22

Which root consists of motor efferent fibers?

Back 22

Anterior Ventral root

Front 23

Which root consists of sensory fibers?

Back 23

Posterior dorsal root

Front 24

The posterior and anterior nerve roots unite to form this

Back 24

mixed spinal nerve

Front 25

The mixed spinal nerve immediately divides into what?

Back 25

two primary rami: posterior (dorsal) ramus and an anterior (ventral) ramus

Front 26

The unilateral area of skin innervated by the fibers of a single spinal nerve

Back 26

Dermatome

Front 27

The unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from the fibers conveyed by a single spinal nerve

Back 27

Myotome

Front 28

What supply nerve fibers to the synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back, and the overlying skin in a segmental pattern?

Back 28

Posterior Rami

Front 29

What supply nerve fibers to the anterior and lateral regions of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs?

Back 29

Anterior Rami

Front 30

What type of rami merge to form nerve plexuses?

Back 30

Anterior rami

Front 31

There is little overlap in the innervation of zones of skin supplied by what type of nerve?

Back 31

cranial

Front 32

What do general somatic afferent (GSA) fibers transmit?

Back 32

sensations from the body to the CNS

Front 33

Sensations by the GSA from the skin (pain, temp, touch and pressure)

Back 33

Exteroceptive sensations

Front 34

Sensations from muscles, tendons and joints in the GSA

Back 34

Proprioceptive sensations

Front 35

Subconscious; results in awareness of the orientation of the body and limbs in space, independent of visual input

Back 35

Proprioceptive sensations (GSA)

Front 36

What do somatic motor fibers, general somatic efferent fibers (GSE) transmit?

Back 36

Impulses to skeletal (voluntary) muscles

Front 37

What do visceral sensory fibers (general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers) transmit?

Back 37

pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations from hollow organs and blood vessels to the CNS

Front 38

What do visceral motor fibers (general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers transmit?

Back 38

impulses to smooth muscle and glandular tissues (presynaptic and postsynaptic)

Front 39

Both types of sensory fibers (visceral and general) are processes of what type of neurons?

Back 39

Pseudo-unipolar with cell bodies located outside of the CNS in spinal or cranial sensory ganglia

Front 40

The motor fibers of peripheral nerves are axons of what type of neurons?

Back 40

multi-polar

Front 41

Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor and presynaptic visceral motor neurons located?

Back 41

Gray matter of the spinal cord

Front 42

Where are the cell bodies of postsynaptic motor neurons located?

Back 42

Outside the CNS in autonomic gangllia

Front 43

A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a ____ a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS is called a ____.

Back 43

Nucleus and Ganglion

Front 44

C5

Back 44

SHOULDER

Front 45

C6

Back 45

THUMB

Front 46

C7

Back 46

MIDDLE FINGER

Front 47

C8

Back 47

LITTLE FINGER

Front 48

T4

Back 48

NIPPLE

Front 49

T10

Back 49

UMBILICUS

Front 50

L1

Back 50

GROIN

Front 51

L5

Back 51

MEDIAL FOOT

Front 52

S1

Back 52

LATERAL LEG/FOOT

Front 53

S2,3,4

Back 53

ANAL AREA

Front 54

Where two or more bones come together forming a joint

Back 54

Articulation

Front 55

Together Joints

Back 55

Synarthrosis

Front 56

Fibrous Joint

Back 56

Syndesmosis

Front 57

Give 2 examples of syndesmosis

Back 57

Suture and interosseous membrane

Front 58

Cartilaginous Joint

Back 58

Synchondrosis

Front 59

The epiphysial plate is an example of what?

Back 59

Primary carilagninous joint (hyaline)

Front 60

The intervertebral disc is an example of what?

Back 60

Secondary cartilaginous joint (fibrocartilage)

Front 61

Secondary cartilaginous joint composed of fibrocartilage found between the two pubic bones.

Back 61

Symphysis

Front 62

The remainder of the epiphyseal plate ends up as what?

Back 62

Synostosis

Front 63

Bony Joint

Back 63

Synostosis

Front 64

Diarthroses

Back 64

Moveable or Synovial Joints

Front 65

Name 2 types of diarthrodial joints

Back 65

Hinge joints, ball and socket joints

Front 66

inflammation of a joint

Back 66

Arthritis

Front 67

inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint

Back 67

Synovitis

Front 68

Inflammation of a bursa

Back 68

Bursitis

Front 69

Incomplete dislocation

Back 69

subluxation

Front 70

Muscles of C5

Back 70

Biceps, deltoid,

infraspinatus

Front 71

C5-6

Back 71

Biceps, brachioradialis,

deltoid, infraspinatus,
extensors, forearm pronators

Front 72

C7

Back 72

Wrist extensors, Triceps

wrist flexors, finger flexors, finger
extensors

Front 73

C8

Back 73

Intrinsic hand muscles

Front 74

L 3/4

Back 74

quadriceps (leg extension),

anterior tibial, Iliopsoas (thigh flexion),

Front 75

Muscle L5

Back 75

Anterior tibial, toe dorsiflexors, hamstrings, posterior tibial

Front 76

Muscle S1

Back 76

gastrocnemius,

Gluteus maximus, hamstring (extension thigh), gastrocnemius, intrinsic foot muscles

Front 77

S2,3,4

Back 77

Anal contraction

Front 78

Conduct signals from sensory neurons to the central nervous system

Back 78

Afferent Nerves

Front 79

Conduct signals from the central nervous system along motor neurons to their target muscles and glands.

Back 79

Efferent Nerves

Front 80

What type of cells does the dorsal root ganglia contain?

Back 80

sensory (afferent) pseudopolar nerve cells

Front 81

What type of nerve cells are motor nerve cells?

Back 81

multipolar

Front 82

Portion of spinal cord gray matter that generally deals with sensory information

Back 82

Dorsal horn

Front 83

major division of the spinal cord gray matter that contains the lower motor neurons (aka anterior horn cells) that innervate the skeletal muscles of the body.

Back 83

Ventral horn

Front 84

Where the dorsal roots enter the spinal cord

Back 84

Dorsal lateral sulcus

Front 85

Part of the dorsal column that is located medially, closest to the midline and at all levels of the spinal cord carries input from the lower body and extremity

Back 85

fassiciculus Gracilis

Front 86

Part of the dorsal column that is located laterally, closest to the dorsal root entry and present only above T6 and carries input from the upper body and extremity

Back 86

Fasciculuc cuneatus

Front 87

Also known as Lissauer's tract

Back 87

Dorsallateral sulcus