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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hormones produced by posterior pituitary gland
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ADH - AntiDiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin |
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Hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland
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MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating hormone
FSH - Follicle Stimulating hormone TSH - Thyroid Stimulating hormone LH - Luteinizing hormone PAL - ProLactin GH - Growth hormone ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone Glucocorticoids - Stress hormone |
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Anterior pituitary gland is stimulated by ________ from the Hypothalamus
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Anterior pituitary gland is stimulated by _Releasing hormones_ fom the Hypothalamus
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Posterior pituitary gland is stimulated by __________ from the Hypothalamus
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Posterior pituitary gland is stimulated by _nerve impulses_ from the Hypothalamus
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Three basic functional categories of neural activity
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Sensory
Integration Motor |
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Olfactory N - func.
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Sensory - smell
Cribriform plate |
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Optic N - func.
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Sensory - vision
Optic canal: sphenoid |
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Oculomotor N. - func.
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Motor - Eye movement
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Trochlear N. - func.
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Motor - Eye movement
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Trigeminal N. - func.
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Sensory - Face & teeth
Motor - Mastication |
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Abducens N. - func.
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Motor - Eye movement
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Facial N. - func
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Sensory - anterior tongue
Motor - facial expression, tongue & jaw |
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Vestibulocochlear N. - func.
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Sensory - Balance, equilibrium & hearing
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Glossopharyngeal N. - func.
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Motor - swallowing
Sensory - posterior tongue |
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Vagus N. - func.
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Motor - viscera parasympathetic & aorta stretch
Sensory - Viscera |
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Accessory N - func.
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Motor - Trapezius & SCM (Sterno, clavicular & mastoid) mucles around neck
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Hypoglossal N - func.
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Motor - tongue
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Neuroglia - desc
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Nerve glue cells
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Astrocytes - desc
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Attach neurons to capillaries to provides nourishment for neurons
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Microglia - desc
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Provide protection from pathogens
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Ependymal cells - desc
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Line ventricles of brain, assist in circulation of CSF
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Myelin - desc
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fat which serves to insulate neurons, speeding transmissions
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White matter - def'n
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Myelinated neurons
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Gray matter - def'n
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un-Myelinated neurons
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Oligodendrocytes - desc
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provide myelin sheath of CNS
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Glial scar
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scar that forms on CNS tissue after injury, preventing repair
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Schwann cells - desc
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Provide myelin sheath for PNS
Necessary for regeneration of neurons in PNS |
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Middle Cerebral - COW
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"GO-TO" ARTERY
Basal Ganglia Visual impairment Contralateral Paralysis - face/arm Contralateral Neglect |
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Posterior Communicating A - COW
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Oculomotor nerve palsy
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Pontine - COW
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Breathing
Slurred speech vertigo |
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Anterior Spinal - COW
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Demyelination
Spinal atrophy |
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Cerebellar Arteries - COW
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Speech
Balance Visual Impairment |
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Vertebral Arteries - COW
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Same a basilar
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Basilar Arteries - COW
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Very serious
Locked-In syndrome |
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Posterior Cerebral - COW
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Occipital Lobe functions
Visual Impairment |
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Anterior Choroidal - COW
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Hippocampus - spatial
Amygdala - emotional Visual Impairment |
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Ophthalmic - COW
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Visual Impairment
Amaurosis Fugax |
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Anterior Cerebral - COW
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Frontal & Parital lobes
taste, vision, memory Contralateral paralysis - leg Incontinence |
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Nerve Tissues - list
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Neuroglia
Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Myelin Oligodendrocytes Schwann Cells |
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Meninges - list
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Dura mater
The arachnoid Pia Mater Subarachnoid space |
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Dura mater - desc.
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Outermost layer of brain cover
hard |
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The arachnoid - desc
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Middle layer of brain cover.
Delicate |
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Pia mater - desc
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Inner layer of brain cover
soft Supplies nutrients to spinal cord |
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Cervical plexus - desc
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Innervates neck & diaphragm (phrenic nerve)
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Lumbosacral plexus - desc,
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Innervates lower body
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Four parts of brain
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brainstem
diencephalon cerebrum cerebellum |
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Function of CSF (Cererbal spinal fluid)
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Transports nutrients and waste
cushions neural structures |
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Choroid plexuses
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Creates CSF from plasma
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Medulla Oblongata - desc
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Continuation of brainstem
Controls many basic life processes Respiration Cardio coughing & yawning |
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White matter of medulla - list
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Descending & Ascending tracts
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Decussation of the pyramids
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Place where most fibers cross from one side of the body to the other in medulla
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Pons - func,.
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Connection between spinal cord and higher brain.
Contains apneustic area (Initiation) and pneumotaxic area (duration) |
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Pneumotaxic area (of Pons)
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Controls breath duration
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Apneustic area (of Pons)
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Stimulates breathing
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Substantia nigra
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Produces dopamine to basal ganglia
Loss leads to Parkinson's |
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Diencephalon - desc
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Above midbrain
contains thalamus & hypothalamus |
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Thalamus - desc
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Relay station for sensory input (except for smell)
"Feels" Pain, temperature & pressure |
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Hypothalamus - What it controls
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body temp
thirst hunger pleasure/pain sex drive blood pressure basal metabolic rate |
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Cerebrum - desc
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Largest region of the human brain, divided in to 4 lobes
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Sulcus - def'n
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Grooves of cerebrum
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Gyrus - def'n
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Raised area of cerebrum
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Cerebral cortex - func
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higher functions of brain:
Intelligence language math creativity precise motor control memory music planning smell, hearing, & taste |
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Frontal lobe - func
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Primary motor area (Precentral gyrus)
Broca's area - speech |
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Prefrontal lobe - desc
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PEICA
Abstract planning affect emotion initiative concentration |
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Temporal lobe - func
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Primary auditory area
Site of Wernicke's area |
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Hippocampus - func
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Long term memory
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Parietal lobe - func
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Primary somatosensory area (postcentral gyrus)
Taste |
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Occipital lobe - func
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Primary visual area
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Basal ganglia - func
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MICa
Maintains equilibrium & posture Initiates movement Controls Automatic movements like walking & running |
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Limbic system - Components
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Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus Thalamus Hypothalmus midbrain |
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Limbic system - func
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Emotion & memory
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Cerebellum - func
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SPECo
Speech posture equilibrium Coordinates motor activites |
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Spinal nerves are numbered for the vertbrae they are ______
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Spinal nerves are numbered for the vertbrae they are _above_
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Posterior Rami ___ form plexuses and innervate the _____
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Posterior Rami _do not_ form plexuses and innervate the _deep muscles of the back_
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Anterior Rami ___ form plexuses and innervate the _____
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Anterior Rami _do_ form plexuses and innervate the _anterior trunk and extremities__
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Orbicularis oculi - func
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Closes eye
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Orbicularis oris - func
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puckers lips
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Depressor anguli ori - func
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Mkes a sad face
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Depressor labii inferioris - func
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pulls lower lip down
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Dilator noris - func
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flares nostrils
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Procerus - func
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crinkles nose
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CSF - components
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Water
glucose proteins ion lymphocytes |
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Superior colliculi - desc
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reflex response to visual stimuli
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Inferior colliculi - desc
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reflex response to auditory stimuli
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Neutrophil - desc
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WBC. Attacks bacteria & fungi
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Eosinophil - desc
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WBC. Attacks parasites
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Basophil - desc
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WBC - releases histamines
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Monocytes - desc
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WBC - become macrophages
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Macrophage - desc
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WBC - Eats debris & foreign matter
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Muscles to frown
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Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris |
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Muscles to smile
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Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor Levtaor labii superioris Risorius Buccinator |
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Muscles to squint
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Orbicularis oculi
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Muscles to pucker lips
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Orbicularis oris
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Muscles to flare nostrils
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Dilator naris
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Muscles to crinkle nose
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Procerus
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Muscles of facial expression
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Procerus
Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Dilator naris |
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Muscles of mastication
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Masseter
Temporalis Pterygoids |
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Layers of nerve
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Epineurium
Perineurium Endoneurium |
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White matter of medulla - examples
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Decussation of Pyramids
Pyramidal Tracts Extrapyramidal tracts All descending (motor) and ascending (sensory) tracts |
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Gray matter of medulla - examples
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Vital reflex nuclei
Non-vital reflex nuclei Vestibular nuclear complex |
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Vital reflex nuclei
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Gray matter of medulla
Contains: Cardiac Center Vasomotor center |
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Non-vital reflex nuclei
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Gray matter of medulla
Allows for: Swallowing, coughing, sneezing |
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Vestibular nuclear complex
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Maintains equilibrium
Compensates for postural distortions |
