Anatomy - Nerves

Front 1

axon

Back 1

the appendage of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body

Front 2

dendrite

Back 2

receiving part of the neuron that get signals from adjacent cells

Front 3

soma

Back 3

(aka cell body) the compact area of a nerve cell that constitutes the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm, excluding the axons and dendrites.

Front 4

glial cell

Back 4

a cell in the glia, the delicate network of branched cells and fibers that supports the tissue of the central nervous system

Front 5

schwann cell

Back 5

cell that wraps around a nerve fiber, jelly-roll fashion, forming the myelin sheath

Front 6

oligodendrocyte

Back 6

a glial cell with sheet-like processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous system (brain and spine)

Front 7

microglia

Back 7

phagocytic (absorbs harmful material) cell designed to protect the CNS tissue

Front 8

astrocyte

Back 8

largest neuroglial cell, wraps around capillaries in the CNS, and controllers of the blood-brain barrier

Front 9

blood-brain barrier

Back 9

creates a barrier between brain tissues and circulating blood; serves to protect the central nervous system

Front 10

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 10

The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the cavity of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space, functioning in shock absorption

Front 11

ependymal cell

Back 11

A type of neuroglia cell lining the central canal of the spinal cord or the brain

Front 12

myelin

Back 12

a soft, white, fatty material in the membrane of Schwann cells and certain neuroglial cells: the substance of the myelin sheath

Front 13

nodes of ranvier

Back 13

A constriction in the myelin sheath, occurring at varying intervals along the length of a nerve fiber

Front 14

saltatory conduction

Back 14

A form of nerve impulse conduction in which the impulse jumps from one Ranvier's node to the next, rather than traveling the entire length of the nerve fiber

Front 15

epsp

Back 15

excitatory postsynaptic potential

A local change in the depolarization produced in the postsynaptic neuronal membrane in response to an excitatory impulse; summation of these depolarizations can lead to discharge of an impulse by the neuron

Front 16

ventricles

Back 16

Any of the interconnecting cavities of the brain

Front 17

voltage gated ion channel

Back 17

ion channels that are opened/closed by changes in voltage. Some examples are Na+ channels at -40mV and K+ channels at +25mV.

Found in Axon membrane

Front 18

chemically gated ion channel

Back 18

ion channels that are opened/closed in the presence of a neurotransmitter. Example is acetylcholine channel

Front 19

lobes of the cerebrum

Back 19

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

Front 20

frontal lobe

Back 20

the anterior part of each cerebral hemisphere, in front of the central sulcus

Controls Judgement

Front 21

temporal lobe

Back 21

the lateral lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, in front of the occipital lobe

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (hearing) and memory (hippocampus).

Front 22

parietal lobe

Back 22

the middle part of each cerebral hemisphere behind the central sulcus

perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain.

Front 23

occipital lobe

Back 23

the most posterior lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, behind the parietal and temporal lobes

Controls many aspects of vision.

Front 24

thalamus (location and function)

Back 24

A large ovoid mass of gray matter situated in the posterior part of the forebrain that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

Front 25

gray matter

Back 25

nerve tissue, esp. of the brain and spinal cord, that contains fibers and nerve cell bodies and is dark reddish-gray

Front 26

white matter

Back 26

nerve tissue, esp. of the brain and spinal cord, which primarily contains myelinated fibers and is nearly white in color

Front 27

ganglion

Back 27

A group of nerve cells forming a nerve center, especially one located outside the brain or spinal cord

Front 28

SSRI

Back 28

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

A class of drugs, as fluoxetine hydrochloride, that inhibit the uptake of serontonin by the central nervous system, often used in the treatment of depression

Front 29

MAOI

Back 29

monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Any of a class of antidepressant drugs that block the action of monoamine oxidase in the brain, thereby allowing the accumulation of monoamines such as norepinephrine

Front 30

glutamate vs GABA

Back 30

A salt or ester of glutamic acid, especially one that functions as a neurotransmitter that excites cells of the central nervous system.

gamma-aminobutyric acid: a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system that inhibits excitatory responses.

Front 31

metabotropic

Back 31

relating to or being a receptor for glutamate that when complexed with G protein triggers increased production of certain intracellular messengers

Front 32

monoamines

Back 32

any of various biogenic amine neurotransmitters having a single amino group, as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Front 33

serotonin

Back 33

a neurotransmitter, derived from tryptophan, that is involved in sleep, depression, memory, and other neurological processes

Front 34

catecholamines

Back 34

Any of a group of amines derived from catechol that have important physiological effects as neurotransmitters and hormones and include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine