Anatomy - Nerve Roots, Cns, Dermatomes, Etc.

Front 1

loss of dorsiflexion (foot drop) - what nerve is injured?

Back 1

common peroneal nerve (L4-S2) - PED - Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes

Front 2

loss of plantar flexion - what nerve is injured?

Back 2

tibial (L4-S3) -
TIP - tibial inverts and plantarflexes; if injured, can't stand on TIPtoes

Front 3

loss of knee jerk - what nerve is injured?

Back 3

femoral (L2-L4)

Front 4

loss of hib adduction - what nerve is injured?

Back 4

obturator (L2-L4)

Front 5

positive anterior drawer sign indicates what?

Back 5

tearing of ACL

Front 6

anterior and posterior in ACL and PCL refer to what?

Back 6

sites of tibial attachment

Front 7

abnormal passive abduction indicates what?

Back 7

torn MCL

Front 8

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

Back 8

SItS:
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Front 9

what rotator cuff muscle helps deltiod abduct arm?

Back 9

supraspinatus

Front 10

what rotator cuff muscle laterally rotates arm?

Back 10

infraspinatus

Front 11

what rotator cuff muscle adducts and laterally rotates arm?

Back 11

teres minor

Front 12

what medially rotates and adducts arm?

Back 12

subscapularis

Front 13

what nerve injury is often secondary to injury of the shaft of the humerus?

Back 13

radial

Front 14

injury to what nerve results in loss of triceps brachii (triceps reflex), brachioradialis (brachioradialis reflex), and extnsor carpi radialis longus (wrist drop)?

Back 14

radial nerve

Front 15

what nerve is affected in an injury of the supracondyle of the humerus?

Back 15

median nerve

Front 16

injury to what nerve is not related to loss of power in any arm muscles but loss of forearm pronation, wrist flexion, finger flexion, and several thumb movements?

Back 16

median nerve

Front 17

injury to what nerve eventually results in thenar atrophy?

Back 17

median nerve

Front 18

injury to what nerve results in loss of sensation over the lateral palm and thumb and the radial 2 1/2 fingers?

Back 18

median nerve

Front 19

which nerve passes through pronator teres?

Back 19

median nerve

Front 20

what nerve may be affected with an injury to the medial epicondyle?

Back 20

ulnar

Front 21

what nerve injury is associated with impaired wrist flexion and adduction and imaired adduction of thumb and pinky and ring finger?

Back 21

ulnar nerve

Front 22

what nerve injury causes loss of sensation over the medial palm and the pinky and 1/2 ring fingers?

Back 22

ulnar nerve

Front 23

what nerve passes through the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Back 23

ulnar nerve

Front 24

what nerve injury is associated with a loss of function of coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis muscles (biceps reflex)?

Back 24

musculocutaneous

Front 25

what nerve passes through coracobrachialis?

Back 25

musculocutaneous

Front 26

waiter's tip results from what?

Back 26

traction or tear of the superior trunk - C5/C6 roots
follows blow to shoulder or trauma during delivery
called Erb-Duchenne palsy

Front 27

limb hangs by side (paralysis of abductors), is medially rotated (paralysis of lateral rotators), and forearm is pronated (loss of biceps)

Back 27

Erb-Duchenne palsy - C5/C6 injury

Front 28

what does the radial nerve provide innervation to?

Back 28

'great extensor nerve'
BEST:
brachioradialis, extensors of wrist and fingers, supinator, triceps

Front 29

this is the result of an embryologic defect & can compress the subclavian artery and inferior trunk of brachial plexus (C8, T1)

Back 29

thoracic outlet syndrome - Klumpke's palsy

Front 30

what are the results of thoracic outlet syndrome?

Back 30

atrophy of thenar and hypothenar eminences
atrophy of interosseous muscles
sensory deficits on medial side of forearm and hand
disappearance of radial pulse upon turning head toward opposite side

Front 31

what are the thenar muscles?

Back 31

opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

Front 32

what are the hypothenar muscles?

Back 32

opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi

Front 33

what 3 muscles close the jaw?

Back 33

Masseter, teMporalis, Medial pterygoid (M's munch)

Front 34

what muscle opens the jaw?

Back 34

lateral pterygoid (Lateral Lowers)

Front 35

all muscles with root glossus (except palatoglossus - vagus) are innervated by what?

Back 35

hypoglossal

Front 36

all muscles with root palat are innervated by what nerve? what is the exception?

Back 36

vagus
except tensor veli palatini - innervated by mandibular branch of CN V (TENSor was too TENSE)

Front 37

clinical landmark for pudendal nerve block?

Back 37

ischial spine

Front 38

clinical landmark for lumbar puncture?

Back 38

iliac crest

Front 39

nerve root for biceps reflex?

Back 39

C5

Front 40

nerve root for triceps reflex?

Back 40

C7

Front 41

nerve root for patella reflex?

Back 41

L4

Front 42

nerve root for achilles reflex?

Back 42

S1

Front 43

the muscles of mastication are innervated by what CN?

Back 43

V3

Front 44

what dermatome includes the kneecaps?

Back 44

L4 (down on L4s)

Front 45

what dermatome is at the inguinal ligament?

Back 45

L1 (LI is IL)

Front 46

where is McBurney's point?

Back 46

2/3 of the way from the umbiblicus to the anterior superior iliac spine

Front 47

winged scapula is the result of an injury to what nerve?

Back 47

long thoracic

Front 48

claw hand results from injury to what?

Back 48

lower trunk (C8/T1) - ulnar nerve

Front 49

injury to what nerve causes deltoid paralysis?

Back 49

axillary

Front 50

injury to this nerve causes difficulty flexing elbow, variable sensory loss

Back 50

musculocutaneous

Front 51

decreased thumb function/Pope's blessing results from what nerve injury?

Back 51

median nerve

Front 52

what nerve is likely to be injured after falling asleep with arm over chair?

Back 52

radial nerve - 'saturday night palsy'

Front 53

what dermatome is at the xyphoid process?

Back 53

T7

Front 54

what dermatome is at the nipple?

Back 54

T4 - T4 at the teat pore

Front 55

what dermatome is a high turtleneck shirt?

Back 55

C3

Front 56

what dermatome is a low collar shirt?

Back 56

C4

Front 57

what dermatome is a posterior half of a skull cap?

Back 57

C2

Front 58

what cranial nerve passes through the cribriform plate?

Back 58

CN I

Front 59

what cranial nerve passes through the optic canal?

Back 59

II

Front 60

what cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 60

III, IV, V1, VI

Front 61

what cranial nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?

Back 61

V2

Front 62

what cranial nerve passes through the foramen ovale?

Back 62

V3

Front 63

what cranial nerves pass through the internal auditory meatus?

Back 63

VII, VIII

Front 64

what cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

Back 64

IX, X, XI

Front 65

what cranial nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Back 65

XII

Front 66

muscle spindles help monitor what?

Back 66

muscle length
(help you pick up a heavy suitcase when you didn't know how heavy it was)

Front 67

golgi tendon organs monitor what?

Back 67

muscle tension - senses tension and provides inhibitory feedback to alpha motor neurons
(make you drop a heavy suitcase you've been holding too long)

Front 68

how is a muscle spindle oriented with respect to muscle fibers?

Back 68

in parallel: muscle stretch - intrafusal stretch - stimulates Ia afferent - stimulates alpha motor neuron - reflex muscle (extrafusal contraction)

Front 69

what is the gamma loop?

Back 69

CNS stimulates gamma motor neuron - contracts intrafusal fiber - increased sensitivity of reflex arc

Front 70

primitive reflex in which infant extends limbs when startled

Back 70

moro reflex

Front 71

primitive reflex in which infant seeks nipple

Back 71

rooting reflex

Front 72

primitive reflex in which infant grasps objects in palm

Back 72

palmar reflex

Front 73

primitive reflex in which large toe dorsiflexes with plantar stimulation

Back 73

Babinski

Front 74

what CNs lie medially at brainstem?

Back 74

III, VI, XII

Front 75

what CN is responsible for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, lacrimation, salivation (submaxillary & sublingual glands), eyelid closing?

Back 75

facial nerve CN VII (also facial movement)

Front 76

what CN is responsible for taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, swallowing, salivation (parotid gland), monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors

Back 76

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Front 77

what CN is responsible for taste from epiglottic region, swallowing, palate elevation, talking, thoracoabdominal viscera, monitoring aortic arch and chemo- and baroreceptors?

Back 77

vagus

Front 78

which CN is responsible for monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors?

Back 78

glossopharyngeal (IX)

Front 79

which CN is responsible for monitoring aortic arch chemo- and baroreceptors?

Back 79

vAgus (Aortic arch)

Front 80

what cranial nerve is responsible for mastication and facial sensation?

Back 80

trigeminal

Front 81

where are the nuclei of CN III, IV located?

Back 81

midbrain

Front 82

where are the nuclei of CN V, VI, VII, VIII located?

Back 82

pons

Front 83

where are the nuclei of CN IX, X, XI, XII located?

Back 83

medulla

Front 84

which vagal nucleus carries visceral sensory information (e.g. taste, baroreceptors, gut distention)

Back 84

nucleus Soliatarius (Sensory)
VII, IX, X

Front 85

which vagal nucleus is responsible for motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (e.g. swallowing, palate elevation)?

Back 85

nucleus aMbiguus (M-motor)
IX, X, XI

Front 86

which vagal nucleus is responsible for sending autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to heart, lungs, and upper GI?

Back 86

dorsal motor nucleus

Front 87

which artery passes through the foramen spinosum?

Back 87

middle meningeal artery

Front 88

what passes through the optic canal (3 structures)?

Back 88

CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein

Front 89

what passes through the foramen magnum?

Back 89

spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, vertebral arteries

Front 90

what nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?

Back 90

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI and postganglionic sympathetic fibers en route to the orbit (nerves that control extraocular muscles plus V1 and V2)

Front 91

among the nerves that pass through the cavernous sinus, which is the only one that is free floating?

Back 91

CN VI

Front 92

ophthalmoplegia, ophthalmic and mandibular sensory loss are symptoms of what?

Back 92

cavernous sinus syndrome (due to mass effect)

Front 93

this extraocular muscle moves the eye nasally

Back 93

medial rectus (moves medial)

Front 94

this extraocular muscle moves the eye temporally

Back 94

lateral rectus (moves lateral)

Front 95

this extraocular muscle moves the eye up and out

Back 95

superior rectus

Front 96

this extraocular muscle moves the eye down and out

Back 96

inferior rectus

Front 97

this extraocular muscle moves the eye up and in

Back 97

inferior oblique

Front 98

this extraocular muscle moves the eye down and in

Back 98

superior oblique

Front 99

how does the pupillary light reflex work?

Back 99

light in either retina sends a signal via CN III to pretectal nuclei in the midbrain that activate bilateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei; pupils contract bilaterally

Front 100

what does kuh-kuh-kuh test?

Back 100

palate elevation - CN X

Front 101

what does la la la test?

Back 101

tongue CN XII

Front 102

what does mi mi mi test?

Back 102

CN VII - facial

Front 103

what innervates the lower 1/3 of the esophagus?

Back 103

splanchnic plexus - contains SM from splanchnic mesoderm

Front 104

what innervates the upper 2/3 of the esophagus?

Back 104

vagus

Front 105

what are the order of layers that a needle passes through in an LP?

Back 105

skin - superficial fascia - deep fascia - supraspinous ligament - interspinous ligament - interlaminar space - epidural space - dura - arachnoid - subarachnoid space

Front 106

in a CN XII LMN lesion, which way does the tongue deviate?

Back 106

toward the side of the lesion

Front 107

in a CN V motor lesion, which way does the jaw deviate?

Back 107

toward the side of the lesion

Front 108

in a unilateral lesion of the cerebellum, which way does the patient tend to fall?

Back 108

toward the side of lesion

Front 109

in a CN X lesion, which way does the uvula deviate?

Back 109

away from the side of the lesion

Front 110

in an CN XI lesion, there is weakness turning the head which way?

Back 110

to the contralateral side of the lesion

Front 111

in a CN XI lesion, on which side does the shoulder droop?

Back 111

on the side of the lesion

Front 112

wrist flexion is dependent on what nerve roots?

Back 112

C6, C7, C8, T1

Front 113

elbow flexion is dependent on what nerve roots?

Back 113

C5, C6, C7

Front 114

elbow extension is dependent on what nerve roots?

Back 114

C6, C7, C8

Front 115

arm abduction is dependent on what nerve roots?

Back 115

C5, C6

Front 116

sensation over the deltoid is dependent on what nerve roots?

Back 116

C5, C6

Front 117

palmar surface of first three digits derives its sensory innervation from what?

Back 117

median nerve, C6, C7, C8

Front 118

where is the chemoreceptor trigger zone?

Back 118

floor of 4th ventricle

Front 119

what is Ki-67?

Back 119

a nuclear factor whose expression correlates with neoplastic replicative activity; Ki-67 labeling correlates with a neoplasm's rate of growth and, therefore, with prognosis

Front 120

facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve emerge from the brain stem where?

Back 120

cerebellopontine angle

Front 121

momentary loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval?

Back 121

epidural hemorrhage

Front 122

what is the most common type of herniation?

Back 122

posterolateral herniation of the nucleus polposus

Front 123

what spinal nerve is between vertebrae C4 and C5

Back 123

C5 spinal nerve

Front 124

both neuronal and glial differentiation in a brain tumor

Back 124

medulloblastoma