Anatomy-Muscle Histology

Front 1

What is Muscle Tissue Specialized for?

Back 1

Contraction

Front 2

Muscle Tissue provides movement of:

Back 2

-Skeleton
-Heart
-Blood Vessels and Hollow Visceral organs

Front 3

What are the three muscle types?

Back 3

-Skeletal
-Cardiac
-Smooth

Front 4

Describe Skeletal Muscles

Back 4

-Large body muscles
-Attached to bone of skeleton
-Responsible for movement of Skeleton

Front 5

Describe Cardiac Muscles

Back 5

-Only in the heart
-Contraction forces blood out of the heart

Front 6

Describe Smooth Muscle

Back 6

-Found in small hollow, contracting tubes associated with the body's organs

Front 7

What are some of the organs or tracts where smooth muscle can be found?

Back 7

blood vessel
urinary tract
respiratory tract
digestive tract
reproductive tract

Front 8

Muscle Cells with striped appearance are called? Which type of Muscle Cells are like this?

Back 8

Striated

-Skeletal and Cardiac

Front 9

Muscle cells that are not striped are called? Which type of muscle cells are like this?

Back 9

Nonstriated

-Smooth muscle

Front 10

What type of muscle cell(s) has only one nucleus?

Back 10

Smooth and Cardiac

Front 11

What type of muscle cell(s) is/are multinucleated?

Back 11

Skeletal

Front 12

____________ muscle cells are voluntary (conscious)

Back 12

Skeletal

Front 13

___________ and ___________ muscle cells are involuntary (unconscious)

Back 13

Cardiac and Smooth

Front 14

What are immature muscle cells and what do they form?

Back 14

-myoblasts

-They form a myotube

Front 15

What do myotubes grow and mature to?

Back 15

Grow to myofibers and become muscle cells

Front 16

Can Skeletal muscle cells divide? why or why not?

Back 16

They can't because they are multi nucleated

Front 17

Muscle cells have stem sells called _________ cells

Back 17

Satellite

Front 18

What can satellite cells do?

Back 18

They can fuse to adult skeletal muscle fibers which cause muscle hypertrophy (after exercise) and cause limited repair of damaged muscle

Front 19

What are skeletal muscle cells innervated by?

Back 19

motor neurons -of the somatic nervous system (conscious control)

Front 20

A skeletal muscle fiber requires _____________ to _____________ and to __________

Back 20

innervation
contract
live

Front 21

Skeletal muscle tissue is _____________, ________________, and _____________

Back 21

striated
voluntary
multinucleated

Front 22

Cardiac Muscle Cell Characteristics

Back 22

-Most are mononucleated
1. most myoblasts do not fuse during development
2. they seldom divide
3. individual cells can hypertrophy

Front 23

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics(2)

Back 23

-Form physical connections
1. cells connect to each other at junctions called intercalated diks
9composed of adhering and gap junctions)
2. allow synchronized muscle contraction

Front 24

Cardiac muscle is innervated by ____________ neurons

Back 24

Motor-of the autonomatic nervous system (ANS) (unconscious)

Front 25

Can muscle cells contract in the absence of innervation?

Back 25

Yes

Front 26

What initiates muscle cell cardiac contraction?

Back 26

peacemaker cells- specialized muscle cells in the heart

Front 27

What does the autonomatic system regulate?

Back 27

- strength of contraction
- rate

Front 28

Cardiac muscle tissue is ___________, _________________, and ________________

Back 28

striated, involuntary, mononucleated

-medium sized compared to other muscle types, small cylinders with extensions

Front 29

"Big Cylinders"- the giant of muscle cells

Back 29

Skeletal Muscle Cell

Front 30

Smooth Muscle Cell Characteristics:

Back 30

-mononucleated
-myoblasts do mot fuse during dvlpmt.
Can divide
-Can hypertrophy

Front 31

Smooth muscle cells __________ contracts in response to being stretched

Back 31

Reflexively

Front 32

Why do smooth muscle cells of hollow visceral organs have gap junctions between adjacent cells?

Back 32

So peristaltic wave of contraction can occur

Front 33

Do smooth muscle cells of blood vessels have gap junctions?

Back 33

No

Front 34

Smooth muscle cells are innervated by?

Back 34

Motor neurons

Front 35

The motor neurons that cause innervation for smooth muscle cells are from what nervous system?

Back 35

Autonomic Nervous system-no conscious control
-ONLY regulates strength of contraction

Front 36

Smooth Muscle tissue is __________, ________________, ___________________

Back 36

nonstriated
involuntary
mononucleated

Front 37

What shape is the Smooth muscle tissue and is it the largest, medium, or smallest size?

Back 37

It is spindle-shaped and it is the SMALLEST

Front 38

How are muscles compartmentalized?

Back 38

By 3 layers of connective tissue

Front 39

What are the three layers of compartmentalized tissue that organizes the skeletal muscle tissue?

Back 39

1. epimysium
2 perimysium
3. endomysium

Front 40

Epimysium is ___________ irregular connective tissue

Back 40

dense

Front 41

Epimysium surrounds what?

Back 41

the whole muscle

Front 42

The epimysium ________________ it from other tissues

Back 42

seperates

Front 43

The perimysium, like the epimysium, is ___________ irregular connective tissue and what does it surround?

Back 43

dense
It surrounds the group of muscle fibers

Front 44

What do the group of muscle fibers form and what are they called?

Back 44

They form bundles and they are called "fascicles"

Front 45

What does the perimysium carry?

Back 45

blood vessels and nerves

Front 46

The endomysium is __________ connective Tissue that surrounds _________ ____________ __________

Back 46

loose
each muscle fiber

Front 47

What does the endomysium carry?

Back 47

blood vessels and nerves to each muscle cell

Front 48

Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium join at ends of a muscle to form?

Back 48

its tendon and it aponeurosis

Front 49

Tendon is associated with ____________muscles (ex. biceps)

Back 49

cylindrical

Front 50

Aponeurosis is associates with ___ muscles

Back 50

flat (ex. abdominal)

Front 51

The tendons and aponeurosis attach to what?

Back 51

the periosteum of the bone

Front 52

Another term for for cell membrane? (microanatomy of Skeletal muscle Fibers) and what does it surround?

Back 52

Sarcolemma and it surrounds the sarcoplasm (antoehr term for cytoplasm)

Front 53

Microanatomy of skeletal muscle fibers: sarcoplasm is composed of what?

Back 53

myofillaments (1 cell which are bundled into miofibrils

Front 54

What are the miofibrils bundled by?

Back 54

the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 55

Describe the Sarcoplasmic Membrane:

Back 55

-hollow membrane surrounds myofibrils
-similar to endoplasmix reticulum
-stores calcium and releases calcium to begin muscle contraction

Front 56

Describe Transverse Tubules:

Back 56

-etwork of interconnected tubes that also surround myofibrils
-transmit aciton potentials (nerve impulses through out the muscle cells
-this results in the release of calcium from the ST and muscle contraction throughout the whole cell

Front 57

Types of myofilaments

Back 57

-thin filaments (red-actin+others_
- thick filaments (purple-myosin)

they are bundled by SR and T tubules

Front 58

Sacomeres are the _______________ units of muscle

Back 58

contractile

Front 59

Sarcomeres are composed of?

Back 59

thick and thin filaments in a very regular arrangement

Front 60

Sarcomeres are composed of?

Back 60

I-bands (light)
Abands (dArk)

Front 61

Actin molecules + others?

Back 61

I bands
-form light bands

Front 62

Myosin molecules?

Back 62

abands
-form dark bands

Front 63

Each sarcomere contains an _ ______ at its center and ___ of an _ _____ at each end/

Back 63

-A Band
-1/2
-I band

Front 64

What gives skeletal and cardiac mucles its striatons?

Back 64

The striped pattenr of alternating dark, thick filaments (a bands) and light, thin filaments (i bands)

Front 65

What type of lines does a sarcomere contain?

Back 65

-An "m" line- it defines the middle of the sarcomere
-A "z" line that defines 2 ends of sarcomere (interconnects thin filaments at center of iband)

Front 66

Sarcomere function: What carries action potential nerves throughout the cell?

Back 66

Transverse Tubules

Front 67

The action potential carried by transverse tubules leads to?

Back 67

CA^+2 release by SR

Front 68

CA^+2 release leads to?

Back 68

interaction between thin and thick filaments which leads to muscle contraction

Front 69

Cardiac muscles contract _____ than skeletal muscle

Back 69

slower-but fairly resistant to fatigue

Front 70

CArdiac muscle contain:

Back 70

-SR and t-tubules
-Have thick and thin filaments (organized into sarcomeres)

Front 71

Smooth muscles do not contain?

Back 71

t-tubules or sarcomeres

Front 72

Smooth muscle cells have ______ and _______ filaments scatteres through out the cell

Back 72

thick and thin

Front 73

Smooth muscle cells contract __________ than cardiac muscle cells

Back 73

slower (very resistant to fatigue)