Anatomy - Miscelaneous

Front 1

Gallstone ileus

Back 1

Large stone passes through a fistula between gallbladder and small bowel which allows air to enter biliary tree and obstructs ileocecal valve

Front 2

Prepatellar bursitis

Back 2

Due to prolonged kneeling. Knee pain, erythema, swelling

Front 3

Acromioclavicular ligament

Back 3

Between acromion and clavicle in the distal end

Front 4

Coracoclavicular ligament

Back 4

At the proximal clavicle

Front 5

Median nerve trajectory at the wrist

Back 5

Between flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus then carpal tunel

Front 6

Supraspinatous tendon

Back 6

Between acromion and the head of the humerus; most affected by rotator cuff injury

Front 7

Loud noises

Back 7

Deafness due to injury of hair cells of the organ of corti; high frequency sounds first

Front 8

Posterior duodenal ulcer affects which structure?

Back 8

Gastroduodenal artery; results in hemorrhage

Front 9

Catheter access to aorta from femoral vein

Back 9

Has to puncture fossa ovalis and pass mitral valve

Front 10

Superior mesenteric artery relationships

Back 10

Forms a 45 degree angle with aorta which overrides horizontal portion of the duodenum (posterior to SMA)

Front 11

Bones that articulate with the radius at the wrist

Back 11

Scaphoid (lateral and lunate (medial)

Front 12

Ulnar nerve injury

Back 12

Results in claw hand; injury usually at the medial epicondyle or hook of the hamate and pisiform in the wrist

Front 13

Site for intramuscular injections

Back 13

Superomedial quadrant of the buttocks

Front 14

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Back 14

Originates in medial clavicle and manubrium and inserts in the mastoid process; rotates head to opposite side innervationby the IX nerve

Front 15

Winged scapula

Back 15

Injury of long thoracic nerve which supplies serratus anterior and abducts the shoulder to horizontal position; can be caused by trauma or mastectomy

Front 16

Associations of the duodenum

Back 16

First portion is not retroperitoneal; second portion with the head of the pancreas and ampulla of Vater; third (horizontal) portion with the superior mesenteric artery (anteriorly) and aorta (posteriorly)

Front 17

Middle meningeal artery

Back 17

Branch of maxillary artery; fracture of the pterion results in damage and epidural hematoma

Front 18

Pterion

Back 18

Fronto-parieto-temporal junction at the sphenoid bone; fracture results in middle meningeal artery damage

Front 19

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Back 19

Motor innervation of all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid; sensory innvervation below vocal cords

Front 20

Superior laryngeal nerve

Back 20

Motor innervation of cricothyroid muscle and sensory innervation above vocal cords

Front 21

Tibial nerve

Back 21

Motor innervation of flexors of the leg and toes and sensory innervation of sole of the foot

Front 22

Retroperitoneal hematoma

Back 22

Trauma to tail of the pancreas

Front 23

Knee joint structures

Back 23

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments; lateral and medial meniscus; medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments; injured in contact sports

Front 24

Trendelenburg sign

Back 24

Hip moves downward when ipsilateral leg is lifted off ground --> injury to superior gluteal nerve injury

Front 25

Superior orbital fissure

Back 25

CN III and CN V1 passage; injury results in external strabismus and loss of corneal reflex

Front 26

Sound perception

Back 26

Low frequency sounds --> apex of the cochlea/helicotrema; high frequency sounds --> base of cochlea

Front 27

Avascular necrosis of the femoral neck

Back 27

Damage to medial femoral circumflex artery

Front 28

Midshaft fracture of the humerus

Back 28

Damages radial nerve and deep brachial artery

Front 29

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus

Back 29

Damage to brachial artery

Front 30

Popliteal fossa structures

Back 30

Popliteal artery, vein and tibial nerve (flexion of the foot)

Front 31

Trauma to the head of the fibula

Back 31

Damage to common perineal nerve which divides into superficial (lateral compartment of the leg) and deep (anterior compartment and dorsiflexion of leg) peroneal nerves; results in foot drop injury

Front 32

Divisions of sciatic nerve

Back 32

Common peroneal and tibial nerves; just proximal to the popliteal fossa

Front 33

Diaphragmatic surface of the heart

Back 33

inferior wall of the left ventricle

Front 34

Pudendal block

Back 34

Intravaginally near the tip of the ischial spine

Front 35

Origin of musculocutaneous nerve

Back 35

Ventral rami of C5-C7 trunk

Front 36

Abduction of the thigh

Back 36

Superior gluteal and femoral nerves

Front 37

Adduction of the thigh

Back 37

Obturator nerve

Front 38

Flexion of the thigh

Back 38

Psoas and iliacus muscles innervated by lumbar plexus and femoral nerves

Front 39

Irrigation of lesser curvature

Back 39

left gastric artery

Front 40

Relationships of the ureters

Back 40

Cross over external iliac and pass lateral to the internal iliac and medial to gonadal arteries

Front 41

Suspensory ligaments of the ovary

Back 41

Deliver nerves and vessels to the ovary

Front 42

Thoracocentesis

Back 42

Lower border of parietal pleura is 7th rib/MCL or upper border of 10th rib/MAL; lower border of lung is 2 intercostal spaces above pleural border; therfore insert needle at 7th rib/MCL or 9th rib/MAL

Front 43

Important nuclei of the thalamus

Back 43

spinothalamic/medial lemniscus --> VPL; trigeminal --> VPM; auditory --> MGB; visual --> LGB

Front 44

Sensory innervation of the tongue

Back 44

General sensation of anterior 2/3 --> trigeminal; gustatory sensation anterior 2/3 --> facial (chorda tympani); posterior 2/3 --> CN IX

Front 45

Phrenic nerve

Back 45

C3-C5 --> motor innervation of diaphragm and sensory innervation of mediastinal pleura; irritation results in pleuritic chest pain irradiated to shoulder and neck

Front 46

Branches of radial nerve

Back 46

Deep (motor), superficial (sensory); branch at lateral epicondyle of humerus where it meets radial head --> injury results in motor deficit without sensory loss

Front 47

Stapedius muscle

Back 47

Innervated by branch of CN VII --> paralysis --> hyperacusis

Front 48

Superior limits of the lungs

Back 48

Above the clavicle; puncture wound to neck can cause pneumothorax

Front 49

Drainning of testicles

Back 49

Right to IVC; left to left renal vein

Front 50

Horseshoe kidney

Back 50

Ascension is prevented by angle between aorta and inferior mesenteric artery

Front 51

Hydrocele

Back 51

Fluid acumulation within tunica vaginalis

Front 52

Thoracic duct

Back 52

Enters thorax through aortic hiatus; empties into left subclavian

Front 53

Inferior vena cava

Back 53

Formed by union of common iliac veins at L4; renal veins join IVC at L1/L2