Anatomy Midterm Review (No Muscles)

Front 1

Notch on superior scapula

Back 1

Scapular notch

Front 2

What structures run within the radial groove?

Back 2

The deep brachial artery and the radial nerve.

Front 3

Which two extrinsic shoulder muscles do not act upon the scapula?

Back 3

pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Front 4

The coordinated movement of the scapula and humerus is called what?

Back 4

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Front 5

Which muscle(s) elevate the scapula?

Back 5

superior fibers of trapezius and the levator scapulae m.

Front 6

Which muscle(s) depress the scapula?

Back 6

inferior fibers of trapezius

Front 7

Which muscle(s) retract the scapula?

Back 7

trapezius (middle fibers) and rhomboids

Front 8

Which muscle(s) protract the scapula?

Back 8

serratus anterior

Front 9

Which muscle(s) superiorly rotate the scapula?

Back 9

upper and lower fibers of trapezius together; serratus anterior

Front 10

Which muscle(s) inferiorly rotate the scapula?

Back 10

levator scapulae, rhomboids

Front 11

Rotator cuff pathologically related to what structures?

Back 11

Subacromial/subdeltoid bursa, biceps long tendon, fibrous joint capsule of glenohumeral joint

Front 12

What does the rotator cuff reinforce?

Back 12

The fibrous joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint

Front 13

Technical term of tendons coming together (like the rotator cuff)

Back 13

conjoined tendon

Front 14

shoulder joint not reinforced by cuff on which side?

Back 14

inferior

Front 15

Where is the "critical zone" of the shoulder and why is it significant?

Back 15

Area of vascular anastomoses in the rotator cuff--alternately ichemic or hyperemic--site of degeneration, tears, and calcium deposits (calcific tendinitis)

Front 16

What structures go through quadrangular space?

Back 16

axillary n. and PCH a.

Front 17

What is the origin of the suprascapular a.?

Back 17

thyrocervical truck off of subclavian a.

Front 18

What are two "not true joints" of the shoulder?

Back 18

scapulothoracic "joint" suprahumeral "joint"

Front 19

What are the glenohumeral ligaments and where is the weakness in them

Back 19

Three thickenings of the joint capsule on its anterior side. superior, middle, inferior. foramen of weitbrecht between superior and middle

Front 20

ligament between sides of bicipital groove that holds the biceps long tendon?

Back 20

transverse humeral ligament

Front 21

fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens shoulder joint

Back 21

glenoid labrum

Front 22

importance of sternoclavicular joint?

Back 22

only joint between pectoral girdle and axial skeleton...very strong and quite mobile.

Front 23

innervation of SC joint?

Back 23

nerve to subclavius and supraclavicular n.

Front 24

What anatomical classification of SC joint?

Back 24

synovial (has an articular disk too)

Front 25

AC joint features

Back 25

synovial, incomplete articulardisk, superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments.

Front 26

What other joints help protect the AC joint and what classification are they?

Back 26

coracoacromial ligament and coracoclavicular ligament (fibrous joints)

Front 27

innervation of AC joint?

Back 27

supraclavicular, axilary, and lateral pectoral nerves.

Front 28

function of coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 28

provides means by which the scapula and free limb are suspended from a clavicular strut

Front 29

What is contained within the suprahumeral joint space?

Back 29

The subdeltoid/subacromial bursa, the biceps long head tendon, the fibrous joint capsule and the supraspinatus tendon

Front 30

Subacromial/subdeltoid bursa(e) between which two structures?

Back 30

The supraspinatus tendon and deltoid muscle

Front 31

scapular anastomosis involve what?

Back 31

arteries off of the thyrocervical trunk (transverse cervical a. and suprascapular a.), branches off 3rd part of axillary a., and intercostal as.

Front 32

shoulder tendinits, bursitis, or partial tear called

Back 32

frozen shoulder syndrome...involves synovium

Front 33

calcium depostis in critical zone cause what?

Back 33

calcific tendinitis

Front 34

calcific tendinitis can lead to what?

Back 34

adhesive bursitis and adhesive capsulitis (these are usually secondary to calcific tendinitis)

Front 35

brachial plexus formed by what rami nerves and functions?

Back 35

ventral rami nerves of C5-T1....cutaneous and motor innervation of upper limbs and pectoral/shoulder region

Front 36

Two areas of brachial plexus, separated by clavicle

Back 36

supraclavicular part (posterior triangle) and infraclavicular part (axilla)

Front 37

How many roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches?

Back 37

5 roots, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, 3 cords, and 5 terminal branches

Front 38

What nerves originate from the roots?

Back 38

dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

Front 39

What nerves originate from the upper trunk?

Back 39

nerve to subclavius and suprascapular n.

Front 40

What nerves originate from the medial cord?

Back 40

medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial cuteaneous

Front 41

Nerves off of lateral cord?

Back 41

lateral pec. n.

Front 42

nerves off of posterior cord?

Back 42

upper subscapular n., thoracodorsal n. lower subscapular n.

Front 43

axilla clinically important because...

Back 43

contains brachial plexus (infraclavicular part), axillary artery, and axillary lymph nodes (detect breast cancer)

Front 44

axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from where?

Back 44

upper limb and 75% of breast lymph

Front 45

posterior wall of axilla

Back 45

subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

Front 46

anterior wall of axilla

Back 46

pec. major, pac, minor, subclavius, clavicle

Front 47

medial wall of axilla

Back 47

thorax and serratus anterior

Front 48

lateral wall of axilla

Back 48

bicipital groove

Front 49

cords of brachial plexus surround which structure?

Back 49

axillary a.

Front 50

branches of 1st part of axillary a.

Back 50

supreme thoracic a.--1st intercostal space

Front 51

branches of 2nd part of axillary a.

Back 51

lateral thoracic a. (breast) and thoracoacromial a. (CAPD--Clavicular, acromial, pectoral, deltoid branches)

Front 52

branches of 3rd part of axillary a.

Back 52

anterior humeral circumflex a., posterior humeral circumflex a. and subscapular a. (divides to become thoracodorsal a. and circumflex scapular a.)

Front 53

Normal carrying angle (men and women)

Back 53

men--5 degrees
women 10-15 degrees

Front 54

carrying angle greater that normal called what? what are the causes?

Back 54

cubitus valgus (lateral epicondylar fracture leasds to epiphyseal damage and delayed nerve palsy presented on ulnar side of hand)

Front 55

decrease of carrying angle called? caused by what?

Back 55

cubitus varus "gunstock deformity"--from trauma like supracondylar fracture and malunion or growth retardation in epiphyseal plate. more frequent than cubitus valgus

Front 56

important features of ulna

Back 56

trochlear notch, radial notch, coronoid process, ulnar tuberosity, olecranon process, body, head, styloid process

Front 57

important features of radius

Back 57

head, neck, radial tuberosity, body, styloid process

Front 58

3 joints in elbow joint

Back 58

humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, radioulnar joint (all in same joint capsule)

Front 59

3 elbow joints innervated by which nerves?

Back 59

musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median

Front 60

name of ligament across radioulnar joint--

Back 60

annular ligament--allows for rotation of radius around ulna

Front 61

3 ligaments that stabilize the elbow joints

Back 61

ulnar collateral lig, radial collateral lig, and annular lig.

Front 62

two bursa in elbow region

Back 62

subcutaneous olecranon bursa and subtendinous olecranon bursa

Front 63

separates muscular compartments of the arm

Back 63

intermuscular septa. deep fascia around muscles

Front 64

cutaneous veins of arm

Back 64

cephalic (also in deltopectoral groove), basilic, and median cubital vein

Front 65

vein of choice for central venous catheterization

Back 65

basilic vein b/c in direct line with axillary vein and increases in diameter as it goes toward axillary vein

Front 66

cephalic and basilic veins originate where?

Back 66

dorsal venous arch of hand

Front 67

medial neurovascular bundle contains what?

Back 67

brachial artery, brachial veins, basilic vein, median nerve, ular nerve, and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Front 68

borders of cubital fossa

Back 68

pronator teres and brachioradialis. floor formed by brachialis and supinator muscles

Front 69

structures in cubital fossa (lateral to medial)

Back 69

lateral antebrachial cutaneous n., biceps tendon, brachial a., median nerve

Front 70

deep cubital fossa contains what additional structure(s)?

Back 70

radial n. and bifurcation to superficial and deep radial nerves

Front 71

ulnar nerve between what two structures at elbow joint?

Back 71

medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna

Front 72

alternate cutaneous veins of forearm

Back 72

median basilic v., median cephalic v converge to the median antebrachial vein

Front 73

musculoskeletal condition that may follow repetitive use of the wrist flexor-pronator group--pain on medial side of elbow--strain common flexor tendon and inflamed medial epicondyle

Back 73

golfer's elbow

Front 74

superficial layers of anterior compartment aka?

Back 74

wrist flexor-pronator group

Front 75

What two structures run deep to brachioradialis?

Back 75

superficial radial n. and radial a.

Front 76

What structures run between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundis (medial side)?

Back 76

ulnar a., ulnar n.

Front 77

What structures run between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundis (middle of muscles)?

Back 77

anterior interosseous branch of median n. and anterior interosseous artery

Front 78

neurovascular plane between superficial layer and deep layer muscles contain what?

Back 78

posterior interosseus nerve (from radial a.) and posterior interosseus artery (from ulnar a.)

Front 79

anatomical snuff-box borders

Back 79

tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Front 80

contents of anatomical snuff-box

Back 80

radial artery and can palpate scaphoid bone

Front 81

pneumonic for carpal bones

Back 81

So long to pinky, here comes the thumb

Front 82

As radial artery passes through teh two head sof 1st dorsal interosseus muscle, it gives off...

Back 82

princes pollicis and radial index as.

Front 83

function of extensor retinaculum

Back 83

prevents extensor tendons from bowstringing

Front 84

while passing deep to the extensor retinaculum, extensor tendons protected by what?

Back 84

synovial tendon sheaths

Front 85

while passing deep to the flexor retinaculum, flexor tendons protected by what?

Back 85

common flexor synovial sheath

Front 86

joints between carpal bones

Back 86

intercarpal joints

Front 87

joints between carpals and metacarpals

Back 87

carpopmetacarpal joints

Front 88

articulation between distal radius and carpal bones

Back 88

radiocarpal joint (has articular disc)

Front 89

radiocarpal joint innervated by?

Back 89

ulnar, radial, and median ns.

Front 90

joint in wrist area that is not part of the wrist joint

Back 90

distal radioulnar joint

Front 91

Structures running across the wrist medial to lateral

Back 91

flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, ulnar nerve, ulnar artery, palmaris longus tendon, median nerve, flexor carpi radialis tendon, radial a. (NANA)

Front 92

structures in carpal tunnel

Back 92

tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, tendons of flexor digitorum profundis, median nerve, flexor pollicis longus tendon

Front 93

4 compartments of the hand

Back 93

thenar, hypothenar, central, and deep

Front 94

arteries distal to radial and ulnar as.

Back 94

superficial (from ulnar) and deep (from radial) palmar arches, common palmar digital as., proper palmar digital as.

Front 95

upper limb cutaneous nerve pattern

Back 95

supraclavicular, axillary, radial n./medial brachail cutanesous, musculocutaneous/medial antebrachial cutaneous, superficial radial n, median n. ulnar n.

Front 96

rheumatoid arthritis affects which hand joints?

Back 96

MCP joints (rarely involved in osteoarthritis)

Front 97

surgical division of flexor retinaculum called?

Back 97

carpal tunnel release

Front 98

body wall composed of 3 components:

Back 98

skeletal striated muscle, skin, and bone

Front 99

4 special parasympathetic ganglia in the head

Back 99

COPS: ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine, submandibular

Front 100

para/pre cell bodies where?

Back 100

in brainstem or S2-S4 spinal cord

Front 101

sym/pre cell bodies where?

Back 101

T1-L2 spinal cord segments

Front 102

pre-aortic ganglia of the abdomen

Back 102

celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, aortico-renal ganglia

Front 103

SE pathway

Back 103

single neuron from ventral horn

Front 104

Sympathetic Division of ANS aka?

Back 104

thoracolumbar outflow

Front 105

effects of sympathetic division

Back 105

dilates pupils, relaxes, bronchi, contricts blood vessels, increase HR, ejaculation, stim epinephrine and norep production and release, inhibit saliva, digestive, and urinary activity

Front 106

sym/pre axons go through this to get to sympathetic chain gangia

Back 106

white ramus communicans

Front 107

sym/pre cell bodies located where?

Back 107

lateral gray horn

Front 108

sym/post to body wall leaves symp chain through what structure?

Back 108

gray ramus comunicans--> spinal nerve--?dorsal and ventral ramus nerves

Front 109

sym/post to body wall innervates what?

Back 109

sweat glands, erector pili muscles, and blood vessels

Front 110

symp/pre axons to abdomen go through what nerves?

Back 110

greater, lesser, least thoracic splanchnic nerves

Front 111

parasympathetic aka?

Back 111

craniosacral outflow (CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2-S4 spinal nerves)

Front 112

para/post cell bodies where?

Back 112

in submucosa of target organ

Front 113

parasympathetics to the abdomen from where?

Back 113

vagal nerve and pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 114

Para/pre fibers from S2-S4 go to where?

Back 114

hindgut

Front 115

VA fibers that follow sympathetic fibers back convey what?

Back 115

pain

Front 116

VA fibers that follow parasympathetic fibers back convey what?

Back 116

reflex info (pressure and/or chemoreceptors)

Front 117

last gangion of the sympathetic chain called what? Where is it?

Back 117

ganglion impar--by coccyx