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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the palpable body landmarks?
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-clavicle
-jugular notch -manubrium -body of sternum -sternal angle -xiphoid process |
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What are the layers of the epidermis?
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stratum basale (deepest)
stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum (most superficial) |
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What are the layers of the dermis?
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papillary layer
reticular layer |
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What are the names of the superficial facia?
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camper's- fatty layer
scapia's- membranous |
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Where are the mammary glands located?
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located in the superficial fascia anterior to the pectoralis major muscle
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What do suspensory ligaments (Cooper's) have to do with cancer?
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If cancer or tumor is present and develops in the suspensory ligaments, as the tumor enlarges against the cooper's ligament it causes indentation on the nipple or the aereola
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Why is the artery deeper than the vein?
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Because if it were closer to the outside we would bleed to death everytime we cut our finger
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Why is the film over the pectoral minor muscle shiny?
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So it will not fray the fiber of the other muscle when there is movement
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What is the space in between the mammary gland and the pectoral major?
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The retromammary space
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What is the clinical relevance of the retromammary space?
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The retromammary space is often the site of breast implantation due to its location away from key nerves and structures that support the breast
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What is the names of the two nerves under the pectoral major?
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lateral and medial where
lateral is superior to the medial because in this case they are named according to where they came from |
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What is involved in creating tumors in breasts?
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lymphatic drainage in axillary nodes (pectoral, humeral, supscapular, central, and apical)
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What nerve(s) innervates the pectoralis major?
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both the lateral and medial nerves
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What nerve(s) innervates the pecteralis minor?
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medial nerve
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Which ribs are the atypical ribs?
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Ribs 1, 2, 10-12
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Which ribs are the floating ribs?
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ribs 11 and 12
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Which ribs are the typical ribs?
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ribs 3-9
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Which ribs are true ribs?
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ribs 1-7
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Which ribs are false ribs?
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ribs 8-12
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Why is rib one different?
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It is flatter than all ribs
it contains notches for subclavian vein and artery along scalene tubrule. has not angle on tubule and a single articular facet for the 1st vertebrae |
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What are the components of a typical rib?
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shaft
tubricals-has facet to articulate with transverse process of same # vertebrae neck head > two facets to articulate with same # vertebrae and the vertebrae superior -costal groove- holds intercostal nerves and vessel |
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What is a dermatome?
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A dermatome is a band of skin innervated by particular nerve.
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What does T1 correspond to?
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jugular notch
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What dermatome does the jugular notch correspond to?
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T1
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What does T4 correspond to?
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nipple
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What dermatome does the nipple correspond to?
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T4
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What does T6 correspond to?
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xiphoid process
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What dermatome does the xiphoid process correspond to?
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T6
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What does T10 correspond to?
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Umbilicus (belly button)
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What dermatome does the umbilicus correspond to?
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T10
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What does T12 correspond to?
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suprapubic
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What dermatome does the suprapubic correspond to?
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T12
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How many pairs of dermatomes exist in the body?
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31 pairs in spinal nerves in the spinal cord
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What is the distinguishing feature of the cervical vertebrae?
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transverse lamina
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What is the distinguishing feature of the thoracic vertebrae?
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articulation with ribs
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What is the distinguishing feature of the lumar vertebrae?
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huge vertebrae, no articulation for ribs, ONLY thoracic
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What are atypical cervical vertebrae?
why? |
C1, C2, and C7
why? C1- no body, arch or tubricle C2- dens [body of one is fused with two] C7- cervical vertebral has vertical prominances |
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What are the three types of muscles in the thoracic cage?
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-intercostal
-perctoalis major -pecteralis minor |
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What are the intercostal muscles
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>external intercostal muscle- runs downward and forward and eventually replaced by external intercostal membrane
>internal intercostal muscle runs downward and backwards deep into external muscle. runs out and is replaced by internal intercostal membrane. >transversus throacis- discontinuous layer on deep surface of thoracic cage linking ribs to ribs and costal cartilages to sternum |
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What are some names for deep fascia?
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-vaginal
-muscular -pectoral -clavipectoral (around armpit) |
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What thoracic vertebrae(s) correspond with the jugular notch?
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2nd and 3rd
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What thoracic vertebrae(s) correspond with the sternal angle?
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4th and 5th
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What thoracic vertebrae(s) correspond with the xiphisternal angle?
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9th
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What is the location and number of Cervical vertebrae?
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7
above thoracic vertebrae |
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What is the location and number of thoracic vertebrae?
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12
in between cervical and lumbar vertebrae |
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What is the location and number of lumbar vertebrae?
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5
in between thoracic and sacrum vertebrae |
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What is the location and number of sarcrum vertebrae?
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5
in between lumbar and coccygeal vertebrae |
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What is the location and number of coccygeal vertebrae?
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1 when fused or several (# varies)
located below sacrum |
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In the lateral view of the vertebrae what trends regarding curvature can be seen?
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Cervical-convex
thoracic-concave lumbar-convex sacral-sacral |
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What spinal curvature is associated with the thoracic vertebrae in the lateral view?
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Kyphosis
(hunchback) |
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What spinal curvature is associated with the lumbar vertebrae in the lateral view?
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lordosis
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What lateral spinal curvature is seen in dorsal view?
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Scoliosis
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What gives rise to the posterior intercostal artery?
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the aorta
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What gives rise to the lateral pectoral artery?
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the axillary
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What does the aorta give rise to the intercostal arteryl ?
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the lateral pectoral artery
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What does the axillary give rise to?
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prosterior artery
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where do intercostal arteries lie between in the costal grooves?
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The intercostal veins and nerves
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