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297 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 components of the skull?
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fascial skeleton
cranial vault (brainbox) |
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how many bones in fascial component?how many in cranial?
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14
18 |
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what bone does frontal view of the skull does not include?
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occipital bone and palatine bones
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what does frontal bone and orbit form superiorly?
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frontal=forehead
orbit= eye socket nasal cavity |
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maxilla has --- teeth?
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16 teeth (upper jaw)
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most inferior part of frontal view of the skull?
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-mandible
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why is mandible unique?
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only bone not attached to the skull
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what are the prominents bones of the face
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-zygomatic bone(the cheek bone)
-maxilla -2 small nasal bones(meeting at bridge of nose) |
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teet contained in?
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alveolar processes
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features of the skull(frontal view) that allow passage of nerves?
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superior orbital notch
inferior orbital notch mental foramen(in the mandible) |
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front to back part of lateral view of the skull?
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-small nasal bones,maxilla,mandible then zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
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zygomatic arch is made up of?
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temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
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what is posterior to zygomatic arch above and below?
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above arch--greater wing
below-- lateral pterygoid plate both of sphenoid bone |
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what forms the depression of the temporal fossa?
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-squamous(flat) temporal bone,greaterwing and lower pariteal bone
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features of petrous (not flat) temporal bone?
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styloid process(long, thin)
mastoid process |
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external acoustic meatus (ear hole) --what bone is it on?
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-temporal bone
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pariteal bone joined by ___ to frontal bone.
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-coronoid suture
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parietal bone joined to occipital bone by _____
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-lambdoid suture
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what is the area where the parietal,frontal,sphenoid and temporal bones join is called?
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pterion
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paired parietal bones unite at__________
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sagital suture
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where is the superior nuchal line located? what does it do?
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-feature of occipital bone
-muscle attachment |
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where does occipital condyles articulate and with what?
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-with atlas
at atlanta-occipital joint |
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spinal cord passes through what?
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foramen magnum
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where is foramen magnum?
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between occipital condyles
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posterior view most lateral and posterior feature?
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mastoid process
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3 main sutures of cranium superiorly
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-coronal
-sagital -lambdoid |
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temporal fossa can be seen via what view?
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lateral view
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what is the central feature of the base of skull?
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FORAMEN MAGNUM
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WHAT flanks out of foramen magnum?
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occipital gondyles
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what seperates the two nasal choanae?
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-vertical vomer
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hard palate is composed of what?
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-palatine bones (posteriorly)
-palatine processes (of maxilla anteriorly) |
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what is located lateral to choanae?
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-medial and lateral pterygoid plates of the sphenoid
-inferior orbital fissure |
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centre of lateral zone?
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foramen ovale
foramen spinosum foramen ovale |
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what are the subdivisions of the anterior of the skull?
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-anterior cranial fossa
-middle cranial fossa -posterior cranial fossa |
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what makes up the floor of anterior cranial fossa?
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-horizontal plate of the frontal bone
- cribriform plate -crista galli both of ethmoid bone |
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horizontal plate of the frontal bone is part of what?
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-anterior cranial fossa
-orbit |
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posterior border of anterior cranial fossa is formed by?
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-lesser wing and jugum of sphenoid
-with anterior clinoid process projecting posteriorly from medial end of the wings |
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middle cranial fossa described as what? why?
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-butterfly
sphenoid body as body greater wing and temporal bone as the wings |
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what is the central region of the sphenoid bone?
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sella turcica
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sella turcica is what in relation to sphenoid body?
and features? |
-roof of the sphenoid body
-anterior and posterior clinoid processes |
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what are the prominetn openings into middle cranial fossa?
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-optic canals
-superior orbital fissures -foramina rotundum, ovale, spinosum lacerum -carotid canal |
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what is between anterior clinoid processes and connect brain case to orbits?
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-optic canal
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what is located between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid?
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- superior orbital fissure
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where does carotid canal open to middle cranial fossa?
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-lateral to foramen lacerum
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posterior cranial fosssa is formed mainly by what bone?
and featuring what? |
-occipital bone
featuring foramen magnum |
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where is clivus?
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anterior to foramen magnum--> runs steeply toward the sella turcica
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what forms the anterior wall of the posterior cranial fossa?
what is in this wall? |
wall of petrous temporal bone
internal acoustic meatus |
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grooves on the wall of posterior cranial fossa indicate?
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transverse and sigmoid venous sinuses
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where is jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal?
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two features lateral to foramen magnum
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sofrosty stands fro?
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superior orbita fissure
optic canal foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum |
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are internal and external acoustic meatuses are continues? what bone(s) are they on?
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no.
temporal bone both |
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frontal bone has a ?
is it paired? |
vertical plate(forehead)
horizontal plate(roof of the orbit/floor of cranial fossa) -frontal sinuses and supraorbital notch -unpaired |
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what features the lower margins of forehead?
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upper orbital fissure
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what bone is the walls and roof of the cranium?
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parietal bone
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articulations with parietal bone?
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p-frontal; coronal suture
p- sphenoid, occipital; lamndoid suture p-temporal; squamous suture |
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unpaired bones of skull?
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frontal
occipital parietal sphenoid bone |
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main features of the occipital bone?
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foramen magnum
hypoglassal canal occipital condyles |
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where are the temporal bones?
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at the temple and contain
auditory tube(bony section) MIDDLE EAR inner ear\ |
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petrous temporal bone features?
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internal and external aquastic meatuses
zygomatic mastoid styloid processes part of jugular foramen foramen lacerum carotid canal |
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what bone shaped like a big eared bat?
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sphenoid bone
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where are the sphenoid sinuses?
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body of the sphenoid bone
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what does the body of the sphenoid sinus feature?
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sella turcica on its upper surface
posterior clinoid processes |
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greater wing attached to the body is a part of?
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floor of the middle cranial fossa
part of the temporal fossa orbit contributes to superior orbital fissure contains foramina rotundum,ovale and spinosum |
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lesser wing contains?
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jugum
posterior margin of anterior cranial fossa anterior clinoid processes optic canals are medial to clinoid processes upper margins of superior orbital fissure |
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what projects below the cranial vault(legs)?
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pterygoid process
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major features of pterygoid process?
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medial and lateral pterygoid plates and pterygoid fossa in between
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ethmoid bone makes up the?
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nasal skeleton
medial wall of the orbit a small medial,anterior section of anterior cranial fossa with vertical crista galli and horizontal cribriform plate |
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two lateral masses of the nasal component on ethmoid bone?
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ethmoidal air cells
superior and middle nasal conchae vertical plate --> forming half of the bony nasal septum |
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part of lateral wall and lowest conchae on either side?
shell shaped |
inferior concha
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how does maxillary sinus affect maxilla?
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makes a hollow bone
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maxilla relation to orbit?
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medial border and wall of the orbit
inferior border and floor of the orbit |
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anterior 4/5th of the hard palate?
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palatine process
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2 process of the maxilla?
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zygomatic
frontal |
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2 foramina of maxilla?
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infraorbital
incissive |
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L shaped bone from the side of the skull??
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mandible
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vertical and horizontal arm of the mandible?
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ramus, body
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what part of the body is horseshoed when viewed from above?
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mandible
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the meeting points of two mandibles?
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mental protuberance(POINT OF THE JAW)
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PROCESSES ON RAMUS ?
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condyloid process(articular process)
coronoid process(large muscle attachment) |
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condyloid process of mandible articulates with?
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mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form temporamandibular joint
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where does body meet ramus?
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angle
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deep at angle, via which passes nerve to lower teeth??
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mandibular foramen
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cheek bones aka?
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zygomatic bones
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zygomatic bone processes?
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frontal
maxillary temporal |
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where does zygomatic bone contribute?
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wall of latera border of orbit
lateral half of inferior border of floor of the orbit |
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where is palatine bone? and what does it look like?
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horizontal plate: posterior 1/5th of hard palate
vertical plate: posterior 1/3 of lateral nasal wall L shaped |
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where is lacrimal bone?
forms opening of? contributes to? |
medial wall of orbit
partial openinig of nasolacrimal duct lateral nasal wall |
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what shape is vomer bone?
where? |
triangular
lower posterior nasal septum |
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two small bones form bridge of the nose|?
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nasal bone
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where is hyoid bone?
imp features? |
-below floor of the mouth
- larynx suspended of it -body,superior and inferior cornu(horns) |
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subdivisions of nervous system
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peripheran nervous system
CNS |
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CNS subdivisions
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brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
subdivisions |
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system |
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autonomic nervous system subdivisions
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sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system |
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three main parts of the brain
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a) cerebrum
(telencephalan, diencephalon) b) cerebellum c) brain stem (mid brain,pons,medulla) |
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three poles of brain
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frontal
temporal occipital |
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two cerebral hemispheres of the brain
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diencephalon
telencephalon |
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what is the largest, most recently evolved area in the brain?
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telencephalon
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telencephalon resembles?
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boxing glove(with thumb down)
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what are the fissures of the telencephalon
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sagital fissure(left and right hemisphere)
horizontal fissure (telencephalon and cerebellum) lateral;(temporal lobe with upper cerebrum) |
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four lobes of telencephalon?
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frontal(above lateral above central sulcus)
parietal(btw central and parieto-occipital) occipital(behind paretoociptal) temporal(below lateral) |
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what is the outer covering of the hemisphere?
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cortex
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what are the fold and valleys on the brain?
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gyri and sulci
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most prominent sulci on the brain
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central sulcus
-precentral sulcus -postcentral sulcus -parieto-occipital sulcus -cingulate sulcus -calcarine sulcus |
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most prominent gyri?
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-precentral gyrus (motor cortex)
-postcentral gyrus (sensory cortex) |
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what sensory information does not includesd n postcentral gyri?
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-smell
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where is diencephalon?
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-found in the base of the center of cerebrum
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components of diencephalon
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thalamus
hypothalamus subthalamus epithalamus |
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large nucleus on both sides of the 3rd ventricle
main sensory nucleus(minus smell) |
-thalamus
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what has pituatory gland hanging from it?
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hypothalamus(under thalamus)
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subthalamus is located behind thalamus (True or False)
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false--epithalamus behind
subthalamus below |
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what does the grey matter of cerebrum contains?
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-cell bodies of neurons(nerve cells)
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cell bodies in cerebrum contain
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cortex (gyri and sulci)
basal ganglia (deep nuclei, motor function) |
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basal ganglia components?
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lentiform nucleus
caudata nucleus amygdala |
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lentiform nucleus made of?
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putamen(lateral)
globus pallidus (medial) |
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grey matter are at the same horizontal levels of ?
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as thalamus and internal capsule (white matter)
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ventricle is filled with?
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CSF
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WIREING OF THE BRAIN depends on?
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white matter
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3 types of fibers in white matter are?
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1) association fibres
2) commisural fibres 3) projection fibers |
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what fibers are for communication in white matter and can be different lengths?
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association fibers
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communication between two hemispheres in white matter?
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commisural fibers
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different types of commisural fibers?
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anterior commisure
posterior commisure corpus colassum |
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where is corpus collasum located?
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beneath the sagital fissure
from frontal lobe to occipital lobe -one centimeter thick |
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3 parts of corpus colassum are?
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splenium
body genu |
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how does projection fibers in white matter comminicate?
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between different levels of the brain--> one level of nervous system to another
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what fibers in grey matter are not confined to cerebrum?
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projection fibers
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describe the path of pyramidal tract fibers?
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from motor cortex to internal capsule via cerebral peduncles via pons and medulla to spinal cord to spinal level
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what are the two large fiber bundles on midbrain(mesencephalon)?
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cerebral peduncles(anterior)
superior and inferior colliculi (posterior) |
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where are the cranial nerve 3 and 4 is?
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junction of the midbrain and pons
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what structure bridges cerebellar hemispheres?
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pons
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what nerve emerges from anterior pons?
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cranial nerve 5--trigeminal nerve
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what is behind the pons?
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fourth ventricle and cerebellum
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up from spinal cord and continuous?>
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medulla
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structures of medulla?
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pyramids medially and olives laterally
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is cerebellum part of brain stem?
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no
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what connects cerebellum to brainstem?
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middle cerebral peduncles
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function of cerebellum?
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coordination
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root of spinal cord?
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from spinal canal via foramen magnum down to L1/2
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HOW MANY SETS OF SPINAL NERVES FROM SPINAL CORD?
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32
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spinal nerves leave via?
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intervertebral foramina
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where spinal cord tapers to a point?
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conus medullaris
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conus medullaris attaches to sacrum by?
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filum terminale(thread)
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spinal cord ends?
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L1/2
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NERVE exiting the foramina below l2 form ?
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cauda equina(horse's tail)
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thicker where the upper and lower limb?
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cervical
lumbar enlargements |
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shape of grey matter in spinal cord?
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H-->deep in cord
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anterior projections aka ---- responsible for ____________> in spinal cord?
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anterior horn, motor function
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what is posterior horn responsible for in spinal cord?
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sensory function
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intermediate horn exists?
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between T1 and L2 for sympathetic nervous system
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white matter is arranged in three columns in spinal cord?
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posterior funiculi
lateral funiculi anterior funiculi |
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spinal cord features a narrow _____ and a wide _________
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posterior groove, anterior sulcus
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cns contains what?
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fluid-filled system of chambers known as Ventricles and ducts
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ventricles are continuous with?
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narrow central canal of the spinal cord
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name the ventricles ?
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third ventricles
fourth ventricle lateral ventricle |
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numerically ventricle 1 and 2(winglike)?
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lateral ventricle
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parts of the lateral ventricles?
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anterior horn (frontal lobe)
posterior horn (occipital lobe) inferior horn (temporal lobe) body(Parietal lobe) |
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atrium of the lateral ventricle is ?
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wide posterior part of the body joining posterior and inferior horns
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lateral ventricle contains ?
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choroid plexuses and CSF
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how does lateral and third ventricle connect?
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foramina of munro
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where is third ventricle located?
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thin, sagitally oriented, btw two halves of thalamus
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aqueduct of sulvius ?
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connects third AND fourth ventricle via midbrain
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location of fourth ventricle?
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btw pons and medulla in front and cerebellum behind
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lateral recesses of 4th ventricle have?
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foramina of luscka
foramen of magendie(inferior) |
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from foramina of luscka and foramen of magendie(lateral recesses of 4th ventriicle) CSF travels to _______
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subarachnoid space
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what ventricle is continuous with spinal cord?
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4th ventricle
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what are connective tissue encompassing CNS? how many layers?
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3 layers:
a) dura mater B) arachnoid mater c) pia mater |
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tough mother as connective tissue of CNS?
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dura mater
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what are invaginations of dura mater?
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1) falx cerebri (sagital fissure)
2) tentorium cerebelli |
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what are the channels in dura?
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dural venous sinuses
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what is an epidural space?
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attached to skull but has a fat-filled space between it and the vertebral column
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what layer of meninges cover blood vessels?
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arachnoid mater
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WHEN ARACHNOID MATER IS IN THE cranial vault is attached to?
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third layer
pia mater thin connective tissue threads subarachnoid space(with CSF) |
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WHAT IS arachnoid matar attached to in vertebral column?
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-dura
-pia via coronal ligaments(denticulate ligaments) |
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denticulate ligaments?
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coronal ligaments attached to pia in arachnoid mater
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pia mater attachments?
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superficial cortex
outer surface of spinal cord (outer layer of CNS) |
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WHERE is CSF produced?
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in ventricles by choroid plexus from filtered of arterial blood
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functions of CSF?
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metabolic and protective
shock absorptive function in arachnoid space |
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pathway of CSF?
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lateral ventricle via aqueduct to fourth ventricle and central canal. via foramino of Luschka and Magendie circulates around CNS in subarachnoid space to root of the falx
arachnoid mater penetrates via dura into superior sagital sinus filters via villi into sinus |
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arachnoid pockets are called?
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arachnoid villi
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sinus is filled with?
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venous blood
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sinuses empty into?
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internal jugular vein
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cisterns
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large openings of subarachnoid space
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largest cistern
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lumbar
|
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lumber cistern created when?
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when spinal cord termninates at L1/2 and dura and arachnoid mater extend into sacrum
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mast common place for physicians to sample CSF?
spinal tap/lumbar puncture |
cistern
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brain raceives blood from what sources?
|
2 sources:
1) internal carotid arteries 2) vertebral arteries |
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brain blood sources reach brain via?
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internal carotid artery via carotid canal
vertebral artery via foramen magnum |
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vertebral arteries anastomose to form
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basilic artery
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basilic arteries run upto _________
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pons
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basilic artery bifurcates to?
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posterior cerebral arteries
|
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where does internal carotid canal splits into middle and anterior cerebral arteries?
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sella turcica
|
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what joins the two anterial cerebral arteries?
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anterior communicating artery
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what joins middle and posterir cerebral arteries?
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posterior communicating arteries
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what and where is circle of willis formed?
|
arteries form around pituatory gland
|
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what supplies the sagittal surface + periphery of outer cortex of the brain?
|
anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
|
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what supplies central brain via lateral fissure
|
middle cerebral artery
|
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superior and inferior cerebellar arteries supply?
|
Cerebellum
|
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spinal cord gets blood from?
|
vertebral arteries at the superior end and aorta lower down
|
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pathway of veins of the brain
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to dural venous sinus to internal jugular vein
|
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peripheral nervous system is divided into systems?
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somatic and autonomic
|
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blood sources of the brain
|
internal carotid arteries vertebral arteries
|
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internal carotid arteries reach the inside of the skull by _______
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carotid canal
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vertebral arteries reach the inside of the skull via _________
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foramen magnum
|
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what artery runs up the pons? and what is it called before it anastomoses?
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basilic artery, vertebral artery
|
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what does basilic arteries bifurcate into?
|
posterior cerebral arteries
|
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where does internal carotid artery bifurcate?what are the names of the branches?
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sella turcica, middle and anterior cerebral arteries
|
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what two arteries does the anterior communicating artery join?
|
anterior cerebral arteries
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what joins the middle and posterior cerebral arteries?
|
posterior communicating artery
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circle of willis defined by?
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arteries around the pituatory
|
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sagital surface of the brain is supplied by the?
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anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
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anterior posterior sagital arteries supply:
|
sagital surface of the brain
periphery of the outer cortex |
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middle cerebral artery supplies __________ and comes from__________
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centre of the brain, lateral fissure
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cerebellum supplied by:
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superior and inferior cerebellar arteries
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spinal cord gets blood from_______
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vertebral arteries at the superior end and from the aorta lower down
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veins of the brain empty into
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dural venous sinuses which drain into internal jugular vein
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blood sources of the brain
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internal carotid arteries vertebral arteries
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internal carotid arteries reach the inside of the skull by _______
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carotid canal
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vertebral arteries reach the inside of the skull via _________
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foramen magnum
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what artery runs up the pons? and what is it called before it anastomoses?
|
basilic artery, vertebral artery
|
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what does basilic arteries bifurcate into?
|
posterior cerebral arteries
|
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subdivisions of peripheral nervous system
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somatic and autonomic
|
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function of somatic nervous system
|
voluntary motor control and general sensation
|
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how many nerves + cranial nerves in somatic nervous system of periphery?
|
32 pairs, 12 pair cranial
|
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spinal nerves exit via
|
intervertebral foramina
|
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what part of the nerve receives sensory information, and what part receives motort information(spinal nerve)?
|
receives: dorsal root
sends: ventral root |
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after spinal nerves exit intervertebral foramina they split into _______ and ________. how does this process differ in sacral nerves?
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dorsal and ventral ramus
they split before they exit foramina |
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what is located in anterior horn and ventral root?
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cell bodies of the motor nerve: anterior horn,
their axons in ventral root |
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cell bodies of the sensory nerves are found in the?
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dorsal root ganglia (DRG)
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What happens in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?
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central axon sent by the peripheral axons communicating with the DRG to synapse with another cell
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spinal nerve classifications alpha numerically according to their spinal levels:
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C1-C8-->Cervical nerves (exit above corresponding vertebraie)
T1-T12--> Thoracic nerves (exit below v) l1-l5-->lumbar nerves(exit below) S1-S5-SACRAL nerves(exit below) +2 coccygeal nerves |
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function of the autonomic nervous system?
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involuntary motor control and visceral sensory perception
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what subdivisions belong to major pathways of the somatic nervous system?
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sensory pathway-ascending
motor pathway-descending |
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what is included in sensory pathways-ascending?
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dorsal columns
anterolateral columns |
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what are the sensory modalities?
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touch-discriminatory
pain temperature joint position-proprioception vibration touch-non-discriminoatory |
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pathways of sensations from body surface?
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carried to cortex of the brain via spinal cord,thalamus, and internal capsule
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modalities are carried by the?
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spinal
certain cranial nerves |
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nerve pathways carrieing sensation modalities?
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info via axons to cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion, second axon of the same neuron carries signal up the spinal cord and brain stem to synapse in the thalamus.
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THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT tracts of sensory pathways for somatic nervous system are?
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dorsal columns (fasciculi)
anterolateral column |
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what sensations does dorsal column carry?
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touch,joint position, vibration
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what fibers travel in fasciculus gracilis and what fibers travel fasciculus cutaneous
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-gracilis: fibers run belw T6(most trunk,lower limb nerves)
-cutanesous(run above T6( upper thorax, upper limb and neck) |
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what are the locations of fasciculus gracilis and cutaneous in relation to each other?
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gracilis more medial
cutaneous more lateral |
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where do fasciculus gracilis and cutaneous synapse?
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lower medulla nucleus gracilis and cutaneous
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where do nerves from fasciculus cutaneous and gracilis crossover and become cotralateral?
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nucleus gracilis
nucleus cutaneous |
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in the dorsal column before synapsing at thalamus in what structure does the pathway ascend the brain stem?
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medial leminuscus(medial ribbon)
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what happens after synasing again in the thalamus in dorsal column?
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then goes to internal capsule and ends on postcentral gyrus in sensory cortex.
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what sensations does the anterolateral column of the sensory pathway carry?
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crude touch, pain and temperature
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what is the main difference between anterolateral column of the sensory pathway and dorsal column?
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anterolateral synapse in the dorsal horn second axon crosses over immediately and ascends in anterolateral tracts then goes to brain stem via medial leminuscus synapse at thalamus,internal capsule to postcentral gyrus
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somatic nervous system has a motor pathway? what is the function and subdivisions?
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-initiate movement via 1. corticospinal 2. other tracts
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what is the most direct motor pathway of nerve conduction?
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corticospinal tract
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explain the corticospinal tract pathway?
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motor activity initiated at motor and premotor cortex. 2. fibers trawel down via internal capsule, cerebral peduncles,pons and via pyramids of medulla, lower medulla decusate to form lateral corticospinal tract. the rest isilateral form anterior cortic. tract. decusate close to termination in anterior horn and form spinal nerve with dorsal root sensory axons
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what are the other motor tracts other than corticospinal
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ruprospinal
vestibulospinal reticulospinal = extra pyramidial system |
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other motor tracts originate from?
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lower parts of brain (brain stem0
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IS IT POSSIBLE TO train extra pyramidial pathways to over how?
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yes. limited from a cpmpromised pyramidial system
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what are the cranial nerves with parasympathetic functions?
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3,7,9,10(motor+sensory)
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mnemonic for order of cranial nerve names?
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on occasion our trusty truct acts funny very good vehicle any how
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mnemonic for fiber type for cranial nerves?
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some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more
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mnemonic for crania nerve foramen exits?
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cleaners only spray smelly stuff right on smelly stupids in jumboid junkyeards juggled high
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where is the olfactory bulb located?
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on the cribriform plate
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where is the olfactory nerves formed?
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the secondary nerves that form with synapse on olfactory bulb(on top of cribriform plate and originate at olfactory mucosa) runs back to rhinencephalon(olfactory cortex)
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pathway of optic nerve(2)
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retina--exit retina-- paired optic nerves via optic canal-- coalesce at optic chiasm-- form left and right optic tracts--synapse in lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus posteriorly
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what are the nerves that control eye movement?
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oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens (3,4,6)
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WHERE does the nerves cranial 3,4, 6 emerge from?
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brain stem
3,4-- btw midbrain and pons 6-- pons and medulla |
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what nerves supply the extra acular muscles
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3,4,6
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what muscles are supplied by CN 3?
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superior rectus
inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique levator labii superioris |
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what muscles are supplied by nerve 4?
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superior oblique
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what muscles are supplied by nerve 6?
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lateral rectus?
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through which foramina does the nerves 3,4,6 leave?
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superior orbital fissure
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what are the components of the trigeminal(CN5) nerve and where do they exit?
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opthalmic-superior orbital fissure
maxillary-foramen rotundum mandibular- foramen ovale |
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what portion of the trigeminal nerve carries the motor component? where to? exits?
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mandibular nerve
muscles of mastification pons(only part of CN5) |
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sensory components of trigeminal nerve(CN5)?
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OPTHALMIC- forehead(v1)
maxillary- cheek(v2) mandibular- jaw(v3) |
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path way of fascial nerve? what nerve is lateral to fascial nerve(CN7)? where it exits from?
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lateral to CN6
passes via internal acoustic meatus to mid ear exit stylomastoid foramne |
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function of fascial nerve?
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fascial expression and taste
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how many branches of fascial nerve innervate muscles of fascial expression?
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5
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what nerve provides parasympathetic supply to salivary glands?
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fascial nerve
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where is the special sensory function of facial nerve located?
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anterior 2/3rd of the tongue
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list three nerves on the same horizontal row, medial to lateral (location)
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CN 6,7,8
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what is the name of CN 8, exit, function?
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vestibulococlear nerve
internal acoustic meatus sensory info about sound and position back from internal ear |
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where is the glossopharyngeal nerve attached to?(cn9) where?
exit |
medulla
below cn8 jugular forament |
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function of cn 9?
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parasympathetic innervation to salivary glands
motor to stylopharyngeous muscle sensory to poster 1/3 of tongue pharynx |
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nerves that exit at jugular foramen?
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9,10,11
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great parasympathetic nerve of the thorax and abdomen is __________ WHAT OTHER FUNCTION?
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vagus nerve(CN 10)
SENSORY AND MOTOR Innervation to larynx |
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what large nerve exits medulla below cn 9 and accompanies it?
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vagus nerve
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where does the rootlets for spinal accessory nerve(cn11) EXIT THE spinal cord?
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cervical level
medulla(part 2) |
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what nerve does not come from skull
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cn11
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pathway of cn11?
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comes out of cervical level spinal cord- coalesce- go up to foramen magnum- joined by CN part from medulla
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what muscles cn11 supply?
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trapezius and sternomastoid muscles
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where does hypoglossal nerve arise and exit?(cn12)
supplies? |
-rootlets btw pyramid and olive of medulla(twigs fuse)
-exit skull via hypoglossal canal -extrinsic intrinsic muscles of the tongue |
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unconscious motor component of the visceral nervous system aka __________
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autonomic nervous system
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what is innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
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smooth muscle of viscera, glands and blood vessels
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ans can be subdivided into 2 systems?
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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brain to periphery two neurons need to reach destination
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preganglionic and postganglionic
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preganglionic and postganglionic neurons communicate via a synapse in a ______ outside the CNS.
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GANGLION
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SYMPATHETIC nerves arise from levels ________ therefore called _____ system
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t1-L2
thoracolumbar |
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PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES arise from ?
thus called ______ system |
CN3,7,8.9
SACRAL levels S2,3,4 craniosacral |
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function of symapthetic and parasympathetic system?
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diminish vegatative process(digestion and urinary function) and increase physical performance(muscle, heart, lung actvity)
vise versa for parasymp |
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active sympathetic outflow roles?
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1) shunt blood away from viscera and into skeletal and sweat glands
2) cause release of epi and norepi--fight or flight |
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ANS classified by their physical distribution. what are two main target tissues? via what?
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1) the body walls, limbs and superficial head and neck
2) organ systems within torso (thorax, abdomen and pelvic cavities) via splanchnic nerves |
