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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two major divisions of the skeletal system?
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Axial and appendicular sdeleton
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The axial skeleton consists of ?
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bones of head and body trunk
-skull -vertebral column -sacrum -rib cage -sternum |
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The appendicular skeleton consists of ?
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bones of the limbs and the bones that attach the limbs to the body
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What two girdles are in the appendicular skeleton?
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pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle |
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What does the pectoral girdle consist of?
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clavicle and scapula
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What does the pelvic girdle consist of?
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hipbone
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Description of a long bone
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long, narrow
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Examples of a long bone
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femur
tibia fibula metatarsals |
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Description of a short bone
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approximately same length as width
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Examples of a short bone
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carpal and tarsal bones
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Description of a flat bone
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thin, flat
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Examples of a flat bone
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sternum
ribs cranial cavity bones of skull |
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Description of an irregular bone
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bones that don't fit into other categories
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Examples of an irregular bone
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vertebrae
hipbone |
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Description of a sesamoid bone
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bone located within the tendon of a muscle
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Example of a sesamoid bone
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largest example: patella
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Where is the gluteal region?
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located posterior to hip joint
buttock, clunis, gluteus |
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Thigh region?
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from hip to knee
ham, femur |
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Knee region?
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poples
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What is the popliteal fossa?
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diamond-shaped region on back of knee
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Leg?
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-crus
-from knee to ankle -fibula bone |
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Ankle?
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malleous
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Foot (pedis) terms (4)?
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-big toe (hallux)
-little toe (digitus minimus) -dorsum - top of foot -plantar surface - sole (bottom) of foot |
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Pelvis consists of?
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2 hipbones plus sacrum
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The hipbone (os coxae) is formed by ?
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the fusion of 3 bones:
-pubis -ischium -ilium |
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What is the longest bone in the body?
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femur
contributes to 25% of adult height |
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Description of patella
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-sesamoid bone in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle
-overlies knee joint -articulates with distal end of femur only |
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Description of tibia
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-major (weight bearing) bone of leg
-on medial side of leg |
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What is the interosseous membrane?
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how tibia is connected to fibula
layer of dense connective tissue |
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Description of fibula
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for muscle attachments
not weight bearing on lateral side of leg |
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The foot consists of what 3 types of bones?
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-tarsal
-metatarsal -phalanges (phalanx) |
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What are tarsal bones?
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7 short bones that form posterior half of foot
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What are metatarsal bones?
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5 (small) long bones that form the anterior half of the foot
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What are phalanges?
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bones that form the toes
great toe = digit 1 little toe = digit 5 |
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Condyle
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rounded articular surface
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Epicondyle
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roughed area next to condyle
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Foramen
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opening through a bone
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Fossa
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depression on surface of a bone
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Notch
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indentation along margin of a bone
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Ramus
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branch or bony extension away from body of a bone
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Spine
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short, spine-like bony process
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Trochanter
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bony process of the femur
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Tubercle
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small bony bump
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Tuberosity
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larger bony elevation
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The hip joint is where the ?
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head of femur articulates with aceabulum of pelvis
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What kind of joint is the hip joint?
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ball and socket - triaxial joint (allows 3 planes of movement: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction, medial-lateral rotation)
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The knee joint is where what articulates ?
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medial and lateral condyles of femur articulate with medial and lateral condyles of tibia
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What kind of joint is the knee joint?
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hinge - uniaxial motion (essentially flexion-extension only; slight amount of medial-lateral rotation available when flexed; slight rotation important during "locking" and "unlocking" of knee
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The ankle joint is where the talus articulates with ?
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distal ends of tibia and fibula
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In the ankle joint, tallus is held by ?
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medial malleolus (tibia) and lateral malleolus (fibula)
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In the ankle joint, weight transfer is between ?
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talus and tibia
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What movements are in the ankle?
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dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of foot
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Where are the intertarsal joint of foot?
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between calcaneus, talus, navicular, and cuboid
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What do the intertarsal joints do?
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allow for eversion-inversion of foot
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The deep fascia of lower limb is divided into ?
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-gluteal fascia
-fascial lata -crural fascia -plantar fascia |
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What fascia covers posterior and lateral hip regions?
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gluteal
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What fascia surrounds the thigh region?
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fascia lata
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What fascia surrounds the leg region?
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crural
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What fascia is on the sole of the foot?
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plantar
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What fascia is on the top of the foot?
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dorsal
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The fascia lata surrounds ?
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the musculature of thigh
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How is fascia lata attached superiorly?
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to inguinal ligament, iliac crest and posterior sacrum
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Description of inguinal ligament
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-spans between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle of pelvis
-is the dividing line between thigh and body trunk |
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How is the fascia lata attached deep?
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via medial and lateral intermuscular septums to linea aspera of posterior femur
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Description of iliotibial tract
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-thickened, lateral part of fascial lata
-runs down lateral side of thigh -terminates just below lateral knee |
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How is iliotibial tract attached?
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superiorly to iliac crest and inferiorly to lateral condyle of tibia (just below lateral side of knee joint)
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Lateral intermuscular septum anchors what?
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iliotibial tract to linea asperal of femur
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Iliotibial tract serves as ?
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insertion for gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles
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