Anatomy: Lower Limb: Anterior Thigh

Front 1

What spinal levels are involved in the femoral nerve?

Back 1

L2 - L4

Front 2

What spinal levels are involved in the obturator nerve?

Back 2

L2 - L4

Front 3

What spinal levels contribute to the sciatic nerve?

Back 3

L4 - S3

Front 4

What compartment houses the hip extensors? Flexors?

Back 4

Extensors: posterior compartment
Flexors: anterior compartment

Front 5

What are the anterior division nerves?

Back 5

Tibial
Obturator

Front 6

What area is innervated by the tibial nerve?

Back 6

Thigh
Leg
Foot

Front 7

What area is innervated by the obturator nerve?

Back 7

Thigh

Front 8

What are the posterior division nerves?

Back 8

Femoral
Gluteals
Peroneal

Front 9

Describe the rotation of the lower limb in development.

Back 9

180 degree medial rotation that will place original posterior compartment in the anterior.

Front 10

In the adult, what compartment is innervated by the femoral nerve?

Back 10

Anterior compartment

Front 11

Generally, which muscle classes are in the anterior compartment of the adult lower limb?

Back 11

Hip flexors
Knee Extensors
Ankle dorsiflexors

Front 12

Generally, which muscle classes are in the posterior compartment of the adult lower limb?

Back 12

Hip extensors
Knee flexors
Ankle plantarflexors
Plantar muscles

Front 13

What spinal levels innervate the hip flexors?

Back 13

L2 - L3

Front 14

What spinal levels innervate the knee extensors?

Back 14

L3 - L4

Front 15

What spinal levels innervate the ankle dorsiflexors and hip extensors?

Back 15

L4 - L5

Front 16

What spinal levels innervate the planter foot muscles?

Back 16

S2 - S3

Front 17

What dermatome is the big toe in?

Back 17

Split L4/L5

Front 18

What dermatomes cover the foot?

Back 18

L4/L5 big toe
L5
S1 lateral foot (little toe)

Front 19

Why must lower limb joint sacrifice mobility to strength?

Back 19

They must support body weight for locomotion.

Front 20

What bones form the pelvic girdle?

Back 20

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Front 21

What the origin and attachment of the sacrotuberous ligament?

Back 21

Sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

Front 22

What is the origin and attachment of the sacrospinous ligament?

Back 22

Sacrum to the ischial spine

Front 23

What foramen are formed by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

Back 23

Greater and lesser sciatic notches

Front 24

Is the greater trochanter medial or lateral to the shaft of the femur?

Back 24

Lateral

Front 25

Why can a femoral neck fracture be especially serious for children?

Back 25

Interruption of blood supply leading to Leg calf perthes disease

Front 26

Where does a intertrochanteric fracture occur?

Back 26

lateral to the neck of the femur

Front 27

The ligaments of the joint capsule tighten when the hip is ...

Back 27

in extension

Front 28

What ligaments form the anterior hip joint capsule?

Back 28

Iliofemoral ligament (IF)
Pubofemoral ligament (PF)

Front 29

What ligaments form the posterior hip joint capsule?

Back 29

Iliofemoral ligament (IF)
Ischiofemoral ligament (IsF)

Front 30

How many ligaments form the hip joint capsule?

Back 30

3
IF
PF
IsF

Front 31

How many ligaments maintain the head of the femur in the acetabulum?

Back 31

4
IF
PF
IsF
Ligament of the head of femur

Front 32

Where are the two major lymph nodes that drain the lower limbs?

Back 32

inguinal nodes
popliteal nodes

Front 33

What causes varicose veins in the lower limb?

Back 33

incompetent valves between deep and superficial veins

Front 34

What is the main blood supply to the lower limb?

Back 34

External iliac (above the inguinal ligament)

Front 35

What arteries supply the head of the femur?

Back 35

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

Front 36

Where do the femoral circumflex arteries branch?

Back 36

profunda femoris

Front 37

What are the branches of the popliteal artery inferior to the knee?

Back 37

Posterior and anterior tibial

Front 38

What arteries supply collateral circulation around the hip joint?

Back 38

Medial and lateral circumflex
Perforating branch of the profunda
Inferior gluteal

Front 39

What structure separates the thigh into three compartments?

Back 39

Fascia Lata

Front 40

What structures pass through the saphenous opening?

Back 40

Great saphenous vein

Front 41

What structure covers the femoral artery and vein?

Back 41

Femoral sheath

Front 42

What ligament traverses the saphenous opening?

Back 42

inguinal ligament

Front 43

What structures form the femoral sheath?

Back 43

Transversalis and the fascia lata

Front 44

Describe the position of the femoral nerve and the femoral sheath and structures.

Back 44

From lateral to medial:
Femoral nerve
Femoral sheath: AVL

Front 45

What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?

Back 45

Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament
Pectineal ligament

Front 46

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Back 46

Inguinal ligament
Adductor longus
Sartorius

Front 47

What muscles form the iliopsoas?

Back 47

Psoas and Iliacus

Front 48

What nerve innervates the medial thigh?

Back 48

Obturator

Front 49

What muscle of the anterior compartment can be innervated by the obturator?

Back 49

Pectineus

Front 50

What is the origin and insertion of the pectineus?

Back 50

Superior pubic ramus to the lesser trochanter and linea aspera

Front 51

What is the tailor's muscle?

Back 51

Sartorius

Front 52

What are the (3) anterior thigh muscles?

Back 52

Pectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris

Front 53

What are the heads of the quadriceps?

Back 53

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

Front 54

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus femoris?

Back 54

Anterior inferior iliac crest and the iliac portion of the acetabulum to the patellar tendon

Front 55

What is the origin and insertion of the vastus lateralis?

Back 55

Greater trochanter to the patellar tendon

Front 56

What is the origin and insertion of the vastus intermedius?

Back 56

Anterolateral femur to the patellar tendon

Front 57

What is the origin and insertion of the Vastus medialis?

Back 57

femur to the patellar tendon

Front 58

What are the (5) flexors of the hip joint?

Back 58

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Tensor fascia lata
Sartorius
Rectus femoris

Front 59

Which hip flexor is not innervated by the femoral nerve?

Back 59

Tensor fascia lata is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

Front 60

Where is the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle?

Back 60

Lesser trochanter

Front 61

What branch of the femoral nerve travels with the femoral artery/vein through the adductor canal?

Back 61

Saphenous nerve

Front 62

The adductor hiatus is in the tendon of what muscle?

Back 62

adductor magnus

Front 63

What nerve innervates the iliopsoas muscle?

Back 63

Femoral

Front 64

What nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the thigh?

Back 64

Lateral cutaneous nerve (lateral thigh)
Anterior cutaneous branch of femoral (medial thigh)

Front 65

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial leg?

Back 65

Saphenous nerve (branch of femoral)

Front 66

What are the medial compartment muscles (5)?

Back 66

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

Front 67

Of the medial compartment muscles, which in not a medial rotator?

Back 67

Obturator externus is a lateral rotator

Front 68

Three adductor muscles insert into the linea aspera. What are they?

Back 68

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

Front 69

What is the innervation of the medial compartment?

Back 69

Obturator
(Sciatic nerve innervates the hamsting portion of adductor magnus)

Front 70

The obturator nerve exits the pelvis through ...

Back 70

the obturator foramen

Front 71

What muscles splits the obturator nerve?

Back 71

Obturator externus
Adductor brevis