Anatomy - Lower Gi Tract

Front 1

the embryological midgut and hindgut emcompass which organs?

Back 1

small intestine and large intestine

Front 2

what are the 3 components of the small intestine?

Back 2

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Front 3

what are the 3 components of the large intestine?

Back 3

colon, rectum, anus

Front 4

where does the duodenum begin? End?

Back 4

just distal to the pylorus of the stomach; at the duodenojejunal junction (ligament of Treitz)

Front 5

which part of the small intestine is the shortest?

Back 5

duodenum

Front 6

which part of the small intestine assumes a "c" shape around the head of the pancreas?

Back 6

duodenum

Front 7

which part of the duodenum has a mesentery? What is the classification of the rest of the duodenum?

Back 7

the proximal part of the 1st portion; secondary retroperitoneal

Front 8

through where in the duodenum do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain? What is the name for the opening in the duodenum?

Back 8

into the 2nd (descending) portion; major duodenal papilla

Front 9

the bile duct descends from the liver into which structure? This structure demarcates the inferior limit of which embryologic structure?

Back 9

hepatoduodenal ligament; ventral mesentery

Front 10

the 3rd portion of the duodenum passes horizontal to the right or left? Does it pass anteriorly or posteriorly to the superior mesenteric vessels?

Back 10

left; posterior

Front 11

what separates the foregut from the midgut?

Back 11

hepatoduodenal ligament

Front 12

what is the blood supply for the foregut aspect of the duodenum? For the midgut aspect?

Back 12

gastroduodenal and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries; superior mesenteric artery and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Front 13

what is the demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum?

Back 13

there is none - it is a gradual transition

Front 14

what is the name for the structure which marks the transition from ileum to colon?

Back 14

ileocecal valve

Front 15

where are blood supply, nerves, and lymphatics for jejunum and ileum contained?

Back 15

in the mesentery

Front 16

how long is the root of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum?

Back 16

15 cm

Front 17

what is the path of the root of the mesentery?

Back 17

obliquely inferior and to the right from the duodenojejunal junction to the ileocecal valve

Front 18

does the jejunum or ileum have more vascular arcades in the mesentery? Which has longer vasa recta? Which has more fat extending from the mesentery onto its surface?

Back 18

ileum; jejunum; ileum

Front 19

is the motor nerve supply to the small intestine autonomic or somatic?

Back 19

autonomic

Front 20

in which nerves do the sympathetic neurons going to the small intestine run? Where do they synapse?

Back 20

splanchnic nerves; pre-aortic ganglia around the celiac axis and SMA

Front 21

in which nerves do the parasympathetic neurons going to the small intestine run?

Back 21

within the vagus nerve (CN X)

Front 22

what is the name for the 3 longitudinal muscle bands whicn run in the colon?

Back 22

taeniae coli

Front 23

the taeniae coli produce which outpouchings between them?

Back 23

haustra

Front 24

what is the name for the small collections of fatty tissue on the surface of the taeniae coli in the colon?

Back 24

appendices epieploicae

Front 25

which has a larger caliber, the small intestine or colon?

Back 25

colon

Front 26

which part of the colon has a mesentery? Which part is secondary retroperitoneal?

Back 26

transverse and sigmoid colons; ascending and descending colons

Front 27

does the cecum have a mesentery or is it secondary retroperitoneal?

Back 27

neither

Front 28

does the rectum have a mesentery or is it secondary retroperitoneal?

Back 28

neither - it is primary retroperitoneal

Front 29

where is the transition from midgut to hindgut?

Back 29

in the distal transverse colon near the splenic flexure

Front 30

from where does the blood supply for the hindgut originate?

Back 30

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 31

at the hindgut, from where does the parasympathetic nerve supply originate? Post-ganglionic sympathetics?

Back 31

pelvic splanchnics; inferior mesenteric ganglia

Front 32

does the vermiform appendix have a mesentery? Which features of the colon converge here?

Back 32

yes; taeniae coli

Front 33

is the position of the vermiform appendix fixed?

Back 33

no, it can move around

Front 34

from where is the blood supply to the cecum and appendix, ascending, and most of transverse colon?

Back 34

branches of SMA: ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic

Front 35

from where is the blood supply to the descending and sigmoid colons?

Back 35

branches of the IMA: left colic and sigmoid arteries

Front 36

the intestine drain deoxygenated blood into which veins? This feeds into which venous system?

Back 36

superior and inferior mesenteric veins; portal system

Front 37

which veins join to form the portal vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

Back 37

SMV and splenic vein

Front 38

into where does the IMV drain?

Back 38

splenic vein (but sometimes SMV)

Front 39

lymphatics from the colon drain where? From these nodes, where do the lymphatics travel?

Back 39

superior and inferior mesenteric nodes near the aorta; into the cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct

Front 40

what is the name for the structure of the large intestine which is a distal continuation of the sigmoid colon?

Back 40

rectum

Front 41

does the rectum have taeniae coli?

Back 41

no, it has a complete circumferential longitudinal muscle

Front 42

where does the rectum meet the anus?

Back 42

at the pelvic floor

Front 43

which 7 structures of the abdomen are primary retroperitoneal?

Back 43

aorta, iliac arteries, IVC, adrenals, kidneys, ureters, and rectum

Front 44

which 4 structures of the abdomen are secondarily retroperitoneal?

Back 44

distal duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon

Front 45

which 12 structures of the abdomen are intraperitoneal?

Back 45

liver, gallbladder, distal esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, small bowel, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, spleen, uterus, ovaries

Front 46

the greater omentum extends inferior from where?

Back 46

the greater curvature of the stomach

Front 47

which is more anterior, the colon or small intestine?

Back 47

colon

Front 48

where are the 4 gutters of the lower abdomen?

Back 48

on either side of the ascending and descending colons

Front 49

which of the gutters does not drain directly into the pelvic cavity? Why not?

Back 49

the one medial to the ascending colon; because the small bowel mesentery obstructs it

Front 50

which has more plicae circularis, the jejunum or ileum? Which has more Peyer's patches?

Back 50

jejunum; ileum

Front 51

what is the name for the folds in the colon?

Back 51

plicae semilunares

Front 52

where is the capillary bed more extensive, in the jejunum or ileum?

Back 52

jejunum

Front 53

The left renal vein lies ___________ to the 3rd portion of the duodenum, __________ to the SMA and __________ to the aorta

Back 53

superior; posterior; anterior

Front 54

which artery provides collateral flow between the SMA and IMA?

Back 54

marginal

Front 55

do the colonic branches of the SMA arise proximally or distally to the jejunal and ileal branches?

Back 55

proximal

Front 56

is the pancreas located anterior or posterior to the stomach?

Back 56

posterior

Front 57

what are the 4 areas of portacaval anastomoses?

Back 57

esophageal, para-umbilical, retroperitoneal, rectal