Anatomy: Long Quiz 5

Front 1

Medial inguinal fossa is between what 2 structures?

Back 1

between medial umbilical ligament and lateral umbilical ligament (where the inferior epigastric artery is located). This area is also called the inguinal triangle--direct inguinal hernias break through here

Front 2

Where do indirect inguinal hernias occur?

Back 2

lateral inguinal fossa (space lateral to the lateral umbilical ligament, where the inferior epigastric artery is)

Front 3

Where do direct inguinal hernias occur?

Back 3

between medial umbilical ligament and lateral umbilical ligament (inferior epigastric artery)--AKA inguinal triangle or Hesselbach's triangle. So it's medial to the inferior epigastric artery

Front 4

The inferior epigastric vessels can be found between what two layers in the abdominal wall?

Back 4

between the transversus abdominis and parietal peritoneum (lateral umbilical fold)

Front 5

An (indirect/direct) inguinal hernia leaves the abdominal cavity LATERAL to the inferior epigastric vessels and enters the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring.

Back 5

indirect

Front 6

(Indirect/direct) inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia, and are often caused by heavy lifting. Can go into the scrotum

Back 6

indirect

Front 7

(Indirect/direct) inguinal hernias leave the abdominal cavity MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the weak abdominal musculature.

Back 7

direct

Front 8

Congenital inguinal hernias are (indirect/direct). Acquired inguinal hernias are (indirect/direct).

Back 8

Congenital - indirect
Acquired - direct

Front 9

What structures pass through the deep inguinal canal?

Back 9

1. round ligament of the uterus/spermatic cord
2. ilioinguinal nerve

NOTE: the ilioinguinal nerve DOES NOT enter the inguinal canal via the deep inguinal ring as it exits at the superficial inguinal ring

Front 10

The medial umbilical ligament is the obliterated ___________--it lies within the medial umbilical fold of peritoneum.

Back 10

umbilical artery

Front 11

What structures exit at the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 11

1. spermatic cord/round ligament of the uterus
2. ilioinguinal nerve

Front 12

What fossa is between the median and medial umbilical folds?

Back 12

supravesicular fossa. Potentially, a very rare external supravesicular hernia could form here.

Front 13

Which kind of hernia enters through both the deep and superficial inguinal rings?

Back 13

indirect

Front 14

Which kind of hernia enters through only the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 14

direct

Front 15

The (superficial/deep) inguinal ring is found above the pubic tubercle.

Back 15

superficial

Front 16

The (superficial/deep) inguinal ring is found near the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, below the anterior superior iliac spine. It is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Back 16

deep

Front 17

What nerve runs in the inguinal canal and can be compressed by an indirect inguinal hernia?

Back 17

ilioinguinal nerve

Front 18

The __________ is the most likely intestinal segment to be involved in a left-sided indirect inguinal hernia.

Back 18

sigmoid colon

Front 19

The inguinal triangle is the site for (direct/indirect) inguinal hernias.

Back 19

direct

Front 20

If a hernia enters into the scrotum, it is most likely a(n):

Back 20

indirect inguinal hernia

Front 21

Which hernia is NOT covered by internal spermatic fascia?

Back 21

direct (it does not enter the spermatic cord through the deep inguinal ring)

Front 22

Which umbilical fold contains the urachus (remnant of fetal allantois)?

Back 22

median umbilical fold

Front 23

Which umbilical fold contains the remnant of the umbilical artery (carried unoxgenated fetal blood back to mother)?

Back 23

medial umbilical fold

Front 24

Which umbilical fold contains the inferior epigastric vessels?

Back 24

lateral umbilical fold

Front 25

What is found medial to the lateral umbilical fold? Medial?

Back 25

Lateral umbilical fold contains the inferior epigastric artery--medial to this is the inguinal triangle and lateral is the deep inguinal ring

Front 26

Peritoneal layer and intestines: what vessels do not run together?

Back 26

inferior mesenteric artery and vein do not run together

Front 27

You can find the liver/gallbladder near what part of the duodenum?

Back 27

1st part of duodenum (gallbladder can pass a stone to the duodenum or transverse colon here via fistula)

Front 28

The _________ artery passes posterior to the first (superior) part of the duodenum and can be affected by a posterior perforation of a duodenal ulcer.

Back 28

gastroduodenal

Front 29

If the inferior mesenteric artery is occluded, the ___________ branch of the _____________ artery can take over.

Back 29

middle colic branch of the superior mesenteric artery

Front 30

Pain of appendicitis is often first felt around the umbilicus, indicating that the appendix receives its sympathetic (and thus visceral afferents) from which spinal cord segment?

Back 30

T10

Front 31

What anatomical feature of the colon can be used to find the appendix?

Back 31

you can follow the Teniae coli to the appendix

Front 32

The left colic flexture is also known as the ________. It prevents the spleen from moving downward.

Back 32

splenic flexure

Front 33

The vagus nerve supplies what part of the GIT? The pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Back 33

the vagus supplies parasympathetics to the entire GI tract, up to the last part of the transverse colon. The end of transverse colon and all GI structures distal to that point receive parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnic nerves and blood from the inferior mesenteric artery

Front 34

What arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Back 34

the right and left gastric arteries

Front 35

What arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

Back 35

the right and left gastro-omental (epipLOic) arteries, as well as the gastroduodenal artery

Front 36

The superior mesenteric artery and vein are found crossing (anterior/posterior) to the duodenum at what part?

Back 36

anterior at the duodenum

Front 37

If you are supine, fluids will drain into the ______________ recess.

Back 37

hepatorenal

Front 38

Fluids drain into the hepatorenal recess from what 3 areas?

Back 38

1. epiploic foramen of Winslow
2. subphrenic recess
3. right lateral paracolic gutter

NOTE: THE right medial paracolic gutter DOES NOT drain into the hepatorenal recess.

Front 39

What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome?

Back 39

when the superior mesenteric artery (at the 3rd or inferior/horizontal part of the duodenum) is compressed against the aorta by the duodenum

Front 40

What connects the duodenojejunal flexture to the diaphragm?

Back 40

ligament of Treitz

Front 41

The opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla is found where?

Back 41

where the major duodenal papillae start. the hepatopancreatic duct is a duct formed by the combination of the common bile and pancreatic ducts

Front 42

The vagal branches to the stomach are found on the (lesser/greater) curvature.

Back 42

lesser

Front 43

The tail of the pancreas is associated with the spleen--this association is located within what ligament?

Back 43

splenorenal

Front 44

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Back 44

Retro
AC - ascending colon
DC - descending colon
Rocker - rectum
Kids - kidneys/adrenals/ureters
Party - pancreas
Down - duodenum
AORTA AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Front 45

If ribs 9-12 on the left side of the body are fractured, the ________ is the first organ to be ruptured.

Back 45

spleen

Front 46

If the posterior wall of the stomach eroded, gastric juices could damage what 2 structures?

Back 46

1. splenic artery
2. pancreas

Also, any structure on the bed of the stomach (left kidney, spleen, left suprarenal gland)

Front 47

The epiploic/omental/Winslow's foramen is formed by what ligament?

Back 47

hepatoduodenal ligament. remember, this foramen connects the lesser and greater sacs of the periotoneal cavity

Front 48

michigan - stomach/spleen quiz question 16 on nerves

Back 48

??

Front 49

The fundus of the stomach receives its arterial supply from the:

Back 49

short gastirc arteries coming off the splenic artery

Front 50

Which arteries travel in the gastrosplenic ligament?

Back 50

short gastric arteries coming off the splenic artery

Front 51

The right gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery is a branch of the _________ artery. The left gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery is a branch of the _________ artery.

Back 51

-right = gastroduodenal

-left = splenic

Front 52

What are the 3 boundaries of the triangle of calot? What can be found here?

Back 52

-liver, cystic duct, common hepatic duct.

-cystic artery found here

Front 53

What 3 structures are in close proximity to the first part of the duodenum (ampulla)?

Back 53

1. the gastroduodenal artery
2. the common bile duct
3. portal vein

Front 54

What are two lobes of the left lobe?

Back 54

the quadrate and the caudate lobes. Right lobe is ONLY the caudate process + right lobe

Front 55

The gastroduodenal artery has what branches?

Back 55

1. right gastro-omental supplying the right greater curvature of stomach
2. supraduodenal artery supplying the 1st part of the duodenum
3. superior anterior and posterior pancreatiocduodenal arteries supplying the 1st and 2nd division of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas

Front 56

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by what 2 ducts?

Back 56

pancreatic duct and the common bile duct

Front 57

The sensory component of the cremaster reflex is mediated by the ____________ nerve and motor is mediated by the ______________ nerve.

Back 57

-sensory: ilioinguinal nerve
-motor: genitofemoral nerve

remember, cremaster reflex is from stroking the medial thigh

Front 58

The duodenum is mostly (peritoneal/retroperitoneal) except for the duodenal cap/ampulla.

Back 58

retroperitoneal

Front 59

Tumors in the head of the pancreas usually often obstruct the ________________.

Back 59

common bile duct

Front 60

The structure that traverses the space between the aorta and first part of the superior mesenteric artery and is vulnerable to the nutcracker-like compression by these two vessels is the:

Back 60

3rd part of the duodenum

Front 61

The colon is found at which part of the duodenum?

Back 61

2nd part (descending)

Front 62

The gray rami communicantes are postganglionic fibers for peripheral visceral ______ (motor/sensory) functions that are uncoordinated (sweating).

Back 62

motor

Front 63

The umbilical cord becomes the ligamentum teres. The remaining vessel connecting the ligamentum teres and the inferior vena cava is called the _____________.

Back 63

ductus venosus, which later becomes the ligamentum venosum.

Front 64

The only nerve that passes through the deep inguinal ring is the __________.

Back 64

genitofemoral nerve (genital branch). REMEMBER, the ilioinguinal exits at the superificial inguinal ring only to re-enter the inguinal canal laterally (does not cross the deep inguinal ring)

Front 65

Hirschsprung's disease is caused by the absence of what kind of cell bodies?

Back 65

parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies

Front 66

A tumor between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery would compress the...

Back 66

neck of the pancreas

Front 67

Deep inguinal ring is derived from what fascia? Inguinal ligament? Superficial inguinal ring?

Back 67

-deep: transversalis fascia
-superficial: external oblique aponeurosis
-inguinal ligament: external oblique aponeurosis

Front 68

Cremaster muscle is derived from which abdominal layer?

Back 68

internal abdominal oblique

Front 69

Peyer's patches are found where in the small intestine?

Back 69

ILEUM (not jejunum) because the closer you get to the colon, the more bacteria there is.

Front 70

Which has more fat, jejunum or ileum?

Back 70

ileum because it is not as active as the jejunum (which gets all the nutrients)

Front 71

What nerve runs near McBurney's point?

Back 71

iliohypogastric or ilioinguinal nerve

Front 72

A tumor on the uncinate process of the pancreas would compress what structure?

Back 72

the superior mesenteric artery

Front 73

The appendix gets its blood supply from what artery?

Back 73

the appendicular artery, a branch of the ileocolic artery

Front 74

Meckel's diverticulum is a persistent remnant of the _________________.

Back 74

vitelline duct (proximal part of yolk sak)

Front 75

The greater omentum is formed from the ____________________.

Back 75

dorsal mesogastrium

Front 76

The floor of the inguinal canal is made up of what 2 ligaments?

Back 76

inguinal and lacunar (lacunar is medial)

Front 77

The deep inguinal ring is an invagination of the ________________.

Back 77

transversalis fascia

Front 78

The cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the ______________.

Back 78

prevertebral ganglia

Front 79

The Posterior wall of the inguinal canal is reinforced in its medial one-third by the

Back 79

conjoint tendon

Front 80

The structure that is most in danger during surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy) as it passes toward the hilum of the spleen within the splenorenal ligament is

Back 80

tail of the pancreas

Front 81

The portal vein is formed by the fusion of what 2 veins?

Back 81

superior mesenteric and splenic vein

Front 82

A direct inguinal hernia develops due to a weak

Back 82

conjoint tendon

Front 83

The branch of the lumbar plexus that traverses the inguinal canal to emerge through the superficial inguinal ring is the

Back 83

ilioinguinal nerve

Front 84

Meckel’s diverticulum is an outpocketing of the

Back 84

ileum

Front 85

The bare area of the liver is bounded by

Back 85

anterior and posterior coronary ligament

Front 86

The embryonic foregut ends just distal to the

Back 86

liver bud

Front 87

Extravasated urine from a ruptured urethra collects where?

Back 87

between scarpa's fascia and deep fascia but does not extend into the thigh

Front 88

If fluid is at the left side of the stomach, it becomes stuck here due to the _________________.

Back 88

phrenicocolic ligament

Front 89

Another name for Morrison's pouch is the....

Back 89

hepatorenal recess

Front 90

Another name for the omental bursa is the...

Back 90

lesser sac

Front 91

The umbilical artery is a branch of what?

Back 91

the anterior trunk (anterior division) of the internal iliac artery

Front 92

The ligament of Treitz is located between the...

Back 92

duodenum and jejunum

Front 93

Where is the triangle of petit?

Back 93

lumbar area, in the junction of the latissimus dorsi and the external oblique muscles

Front 94

What 3 structures are found in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Back 94

1. portal vein
2. hepatic artery
3. common bile duct

Front 95

Spinal cord segments T5 - T9 are for what splanchnic nerve?

Back 95

foregut (greater splanchnic nerve)

Front 96

Spinal cord segments T10 - T12 are for what splanchnic nerve?

Back 96

midgut (lesser and least splanchnic nerves)

Front 97

Spinal cord segments for L1 - L2 are for what splanchnic nerves?

Back 97

hindgut (lumbar splanchnic)