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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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zygomatic bones |
responsible for the prominence of the cheeks below and to the sides of the eyes; help form the lateral walls and the floors of the orbits; each bone has a temporal process, which extends posteriorly to join the zygomatic process of the temporal bone |
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humerus |
long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow; at its upper end is a smooth, rounded head that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula; just below the head are to processes-the greater tubercle on the lateral side and a lesser tubercle on the anterior side |
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intertubercular groove |
narrow furrow between the greater and lesser tubercles, through which a tendon passes from the biceps brachii to the shoulder |
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coxal bones |
one of three bones, along with the coccyx and the sacrum, that forms the pelvis; enables hip movement; has an unusual appearance with a complex shape that is often compared to a helix formed by two wings |
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ischium |
forms the lower and back part of the hip bone; situated below the ilium and behind the pubis, it is one of the three bones whose fusion creates the hip; the sacrospinous ligament runs from the ischial spine to the sacrum, thus creating the greater sciatic foramen; the sacrotuberous ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, forming the lesser sciatic foramen |
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ilium |
widest and largest of three parts of the hip bone; body of this bone forms the superior part of the acetabulum; immediately above the acetabulum, this bone expands to form the wing; this iliacus muscle attaches medially at the iliac fossa |
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pubis |
most anterior portion of the hip bone; consists of a body and superior and inferior branches; the two branches enclose part of the obturator foramen, through which the obturator nerve, artery, and vein pass through to reach the lower limb |
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ischial tuberosity |
large swelling posteriorly on the superior ramus of the ischium; marks the later boundary of the pelvis outlet |
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acetabulum |
the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits; made of the ilium, ischium, and pelvis |
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femur |
long bone of the thigh; longest and strongest bone in the human body; situated between the pelvis and knee and articulating with the hipbone and with the tibia and patella |
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linea aspera |
ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum |
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tibia |
large bone located in the lower front portion of the leg; second largest bone in the body; bigger than the other bone in the shin area; carries a significant portion of the body weight |
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sphenoid bone |
compound bone that forms the base of the cranium, behind the eye and below the front part of the brain; has two pairs of broad lateral "wings" and a number of other projections, and contains two air-filled sinuses |
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ethmoid bone |
square bone at the root of the nose, forming part of the cranium, and having many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose |
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sella turcica |
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is situated |
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cribriform plates |
horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity |
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palatine bones |
irregularly shaped bone posterior to the maxilla, which enters into the formation of the nasal cavity, the orbit, and the hard palate; articulates with the maxilla, inferior nasal concha, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones |
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perpendicular plate |
flattened bony lamina of the ethmoid bone that is the largest bony part assisting in the forming of the nasal septum; forms part of the palatine bone |
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nasal conchae |
any of three thin bony plates on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa on each side with or without their covering of the mucous membrane; superior, middle are processes of ethmoid bone; inferior is a facial bone |
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zygomaticus |
slender band of muscle on each side of the face that arises from the zygomatic bone, inserts into the orbicularis oris and skin at the corner of the mouth, and acts to pull the corner of the mouth upward and backward when smiling or laughing |
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orbicularis oris |
controls movements of mouth and lips; encircles the mouth, originating in the maxilla and mandible; inserts directly into the lips |
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temporalis |
muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible; acts to raise the mandible and close the jaw |
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rhomboideus major |
muscle arising from the spinous processes of the second through fifth thoracic vertebrae, inserted into the vertebral border of the scapula, and acting to adduct and laterally rotate the scapula |
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pectoralis minor |
thin triangular muscle of the upper chest wall beneath the pectoralis major; base arises from the 3, 4, 5 ribs on their upper outer surfaces; inserts as a flat tendon into the coracoid process of the scapula; functions to rotate the scapula, to draw it down and forward, and to raise the 3, 4, 5 ribs |
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gracilis |
most superficial muscle of the inside of the thigh that arises from the lower part of the pubic symphysis and the anterior half of the pubic arch and that has its tendon inserted into the inner surface of the shaft of the tibia below the tuberosity, and acts to adduct the thigh and to flex the leg at the knee and to assist in rotating it medially |
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rectus femoris |
division of the quadriceps muscle lying in the anterior muddle region of the thigh, arising from the ilium by two heads, inserted into the tuberosity of the tibia by a narrow flattened tendon, and acting to flex the thigh at the hip and with the rest of the quadriceps to extend the leg at the knee |
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biceps femoris |
one of the posterior femoral muscles; it has two heads at its origin; this muscle flexes the leg and rotates it laterally and extends the thigh, rotating it laterally; one of the hamstring muscle group and lies on the posterior, lateral side of the thigh |
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transitional epithelium |
type characteristically found lining hollow organs like the urinary bladder that are subject to a great mechanical change due to contraction and distention |
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macrophages |
phagocytic tissue cell of the immune system that may be fixed or freely motile, is derived from a monocyte, functions in the destruction of foreign antigens, and serves as an antigen-presenting cell |
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smooth muscle |
generally forms the supporting tissue of blood vessels and hollow internal organs such as the stomach, intestine, bladder; is considered smooth because it doesn't have striations |
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cardiac muscle |
muscle tissue found only in the heart and is distinguishable from smooth and sketetal; responsible for pumping blood throughout the body |
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elastic cartilage |
type of cartilage present in the outer ear, eustachian tube, and epiglottis; contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers; principal protein is elastin |
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matrix |
is in connective tissue , contains an extracellular substance, contains fibers that are created by the cell |
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muscle striations |
muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils in the cells are aligned in parallel bundles so that their different regions form stripes visible in a microscope; attached to the skeleton by tendons and are voluntarily controlled |
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intercalated disks |
occurs at the junction of to myocardial cells; site of intercellular passage of ions and electrical impulses |
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neuroglial cells |
non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems |
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dense connective tissue |
type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element; composed mainly of type I collagen; found in the dermis |
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lacunae |
small cavity, pit, or discontinuity in an anatomical structure; space that a chondrocyte occupies in the cartilage matrix; found at junctions of lamellae and small cavities in the matrix |
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bone lamellae |
plates of collagen fibers found in secondary (adult) bone and surrounded by the mineralized bone matrix; some are parallel to each other and others are aligned concentrically around a vascular canal |
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bone canaliculi |
microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone that allow communication between adjacent lamellae |
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perichondrium |
dense membrane that is composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all cartilage where it is not a joint |
