Anatomy Lectures 1B

Front 1

The supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa are connected by the ____________.

Back 1

spinoglenoid notch

Front 2

What is the significance (landmark) of the coracoid process?

Back 2

A few centimeters below lies the axillary artery, vein, and brachial plexus.

Front 3

Where are the superior, lateral, and medial borders of the scapula?

Back 3

Superior: top
medial: vertebral
Lateral: axillary

Front 4

Where are the 3 angles of the scapula?

Back 4

superior, inferior, lateral (near glenoid fossa)

Front 5

The ________bridges the suprascapular notch.

The ___________ lies above this ligament, and the _______ lies below.

Back 5

suprascapular ligament;

Army over Navy: suprascapular artery over nerve

Front 6

The lateral tip end of the scapula is the ___________.

Back 6

acromion

Front 7

The _________ artery forms a circle arond the lateral surface of the scapula.

Back 7

circumflex scapular

Front 8

ABduction:______

ADduction:_______

Back 8

protraction

retraction

Front 9

Lateral rotation of the scapula is moving the _____ angle laterally. This elevates the ________ (what part of the scapula?)

Back 9

inferior

glenoid fossa

Front 10

Medial rotation of the scapula is moving the inferior angle _____. This turns the glenoid fossa _______.

Back 10

medially

inferiorly

Front 11

The ___________ muscles are responsible for elevation of the scapula.

Back 11

Trapezius (superior)

levator scapulae

Front 12

The ___________ muscles are responsible for ADDuction (retraction) of the scapula.

Back 12

Trapezious (middle)
Rhombooid major
Rhomboid minor

Front 13

The ___________ muscles are responsible for ABDuction (protraction) of the scapula.

Back 13

serratus anterior (boxer's muscle)

Front 14

The ___________ muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the scapula.

Back 14

trapezius (inferior)

serratus anterior (superior)

Front 15

The ___________ muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the scapula.

Back 15

serratus anterior (inferior)

trapezius (superior)

Front 16

The ___________ muscles are responsible for depression of the scapula.

Back 16

trapezius (inferior)

pectoralis minor

Front 17

The 2 necks of the humerus are the :
_____________ & ____________.

The _________ neck is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus.

Back 17

anatomical; surgical

surgical

Front 18

The surgical neck is ______ to the greater and lesser tubercles.

Back 18

DISTAL (farther down the arm)

Front 19

Which nerves may be in danger when the surgical neck of humerus is fractured?

Back 19

AXILLARY (associated)

Front 20

The radial nerve runs in the ___________ groove of the humerus.

Back 20

radial

(radial groove is posterior on humerus)

Front 21

The head of the humerus articulates with the __________________.

Back 21

glenoid fossa

Front 22

The ____________divides the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.

The __________________ lies here.

Back 22

BICEPITAL GROOVE;

long head of the biceps tendon.

Front 23

The anatomical and surgical heads of the humerus are 'separated' by the ________ & ___________.

Back 23

greater and lesser tubercles

Front 24

Between the greater and lesser tubercles lies the______________________.

Back 24

intertuburcular groove

Front 25

The deltoid muscle inserts at the ____________.

Back 25

DELTOID TUBEROSITY

Front 26

Posterior fibers of the deltoid allow for _________ of the shoulder joint and ________ rotation.

Back 26

EXTENSION;

LATERAL

Front 27

Anterior fibers of the deltoid allow _________ and ________ rotation.

Back 27

FLEXION

MEDIAL

Front 28

Middle fibers of the deltoid are the most powerful ABduction component of the _______________________.

Back 28

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

Front 29

The deltoid and ______ have the same attachment sites.

What are they?

Back 29

trapezius;
spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 3rd of clavicle (anteriorly)

Front 30

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

Back 30

SITS
supra & infraspinatus; teres MINOR, subscapularis

Front 31

The rotator cuff is named such because _________ (which joint does it wrap around?).

Back 31

The 4 muscles form a cuff around the GLENOHUMERAL joint, and thus together rotate the joint.

Front 32

The rotator cuff does not protect the joint (choose 1):
inferiorly, superiorly, anteriorly, or posteriorly?

Back 32

inferiorly (therefore most shoulder dislocations occur inferiorly).

Front 33

The supraspinatus (part of cuff torn most frequently) arises from the _______ & extends ________ to the ___________.

Back 33

supraspinatus fossa;
laterally (post. to the glenohumeral joint);
upper fossa of greater tubercle.

Front 34

Supraspinatus is useful in the first _____ degrees of aBduction. (if they don't have nerve there or it is atrophied, let gravity pull it out & then use deltoid.

Back 34

15

Front 35

THe infraspinatus passes ________ (anterior or post.) across the GH joint & attaches to ___________.

Back 35

posteriorly

middle facet of greater tubercle

Front 36

Which 3 muscles attach to greater tubercle (of humerus)

Back 36

SIT
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres MINOR

Front 37

The main LATERAL (external) ROTATORS of the r. cuff are _________ & ___________.

Back 37

infraspinatus, teres MINOR

Front 38

The subscapularis muscle arises from the _____ & passes across the ________ aspect of the glenohumoral joint.

Back 38

subscapular fossa;

anterior

Front 39

The subscapularis inserts into the _________.
It is a powerful __________.

Back 39

lesser tubercle

internal rotator

Front 40

THe serratus anterior attaches to the ___________.

Back 40

(medial aspect of) scapula, & LATERAL SURFACES of upper 8 RIBS

Front 41

The serratus anterior is iNNervated by the ___________ & Artery is ________.

Back 41

loNg thoracic Nerve;
lAteral thoracic Artery

Front 42

The reason the scapula can rotate laterally is because of __________.
This muscle can also help ABduction of more than 120.

Back 42

serratus anterior fibers converging on inferior angle

Front 43

THe serratus anterior holds the scapula against the ____________.

Back 43

thoracic wall

Front 44

To remove axillary lymph nodes, one must reflect which 2 nerves? ____ & ____.

Back 44

Long thoracic & thoracodorsal

Front 45

If you ask patient to push against wall and the scapula protrudes (like a wing), what does this mean?

Back 45

Long thoracic nerve is not functioning (and therefore serratus anterior isn't either)

Front 46

THe teres MAJOR comes from scapula and attaches at the medial crest of the ________ (greater or lesser) tubercle.

Back 46

LESSER

Front 47

The teres MAJOR and the ______ have the same function.
What?

Back 47

LATISSIMUS DORSI

powerful extensor, aDDuctor, & medial rotator

Front 48

THe axillary nerve innervates the _____ & ______.

Back 48

Teres MINOR & deltoid

Front 49

The ________ & ________ come out of the quadrangular space.
What are the borders?

Back 49

posterior circumflex humural artery & axilary nerve
lat. border-humerus
med. border-long head of tri
sup.border-teres MINOR
inf.border-teres MAJOR

Front 50

THe 3 branches of the tricep:
______
______
________. Where are they located?

Back 50

lateral, long, deep;

lateral-lat., long-medial (divides teres maj. & minor)

Front 51

What are the contents of triangular space?

What are the borders?

Back 51

Cutaneous branch of circumflex scapular artery;
Teres minor (sup.), teres major (inf), long head of triceps (lateral)

Front 52

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

Back 52

Lat. & long head of tricips, teres major (sup. border).

Front 53

When viewing the triangular space from anterior, what are the borders?

Back 53

teres major, long head of triceps, & SUBSCAPULARIS(instead of teres minor)

Front 54

Subclavian aretery becomes AXILLARY at __________. Axillary becomes BRACHIAL at_________.

Back 54

1st rib (outer surface)

teres major (distal surface)

Front 55

The long thoracic nerve runs off the ________ root of the ventral rami.

Back 55

C5,6,& 7

Front 56

THe dorsal scapular nerve runs off the _______ root of the ventral rami.

Back 56

C5

Front 57

There are _____ trunks in the brachial plexus.

What are they

Back 57

3

superior, medial, inferior

Front 58

The superior trunk of the brachial plexus is a combination of ___ & _____.

Back 58

C5-C6

Front 59

The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is composed of ______________.

Back 59

C7

Front 60

The inferior trunk of the brachial plexus is composed of ____________.

Back 60

C8-T1

Front 61

There are ________ cords in the brachial plexus.

Back 61

3

Front 62

The LATERAL CORD in the brachius plexus is a combination of _____________.

Back 62

anterior division of the superior trunk,
the anterior division of the middle trunk

Front 63

The POSTERIOR CORD in the brachius plexus is a combination of _____________.

Back 63

the posterior divisions of the superior, inferior, and middle trunk

Front 64

The POSTERIOR CORD in the brachius plexus is a combination of _____________.

Back 64

the anterior division of the inferior trunk

Front 65

The lateral and medial cords in the brachius plexus form the _____________.

Back 65

MEDIAL NERVE

Front 66

Where is the usual place for a fracture?

Back 66

jxn b/tw lateral 1/3rd & medial 2/3rds

Front 67

The 'true ribs' are ribs ___-___

Back 67

1-8

Front 68

The CLAVICULAR HEAD of the pectoralis major arises from______ &

Back 68

inferior surface of the clavicle.

Front 69

WHat nerve innervates the clavicular head of the pectoralis major?

Back 69

lateral pectoral nerve

Front 70

THe 2 heads of the pec major:
_________ & __________.
What nerves innervate them?

Back 70

Clavicular-lat.pec nerve

Sternocostal-medial & lat pec nerves

Front 71

The 3 components of the deltopectoral groove:
_________, _________, & ___________.

Back 71

cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a,
lateral pectoral n.

Front 72

The deltoid branch of the _________ runs in the deltopectoral groove.

Back 72

THORACOACROMIAL

Front 73

THe __________ (branch of the ___________) runs along with the cephalic nerve.

Back 73

deltoid a; thoracoacromial a.

Front 74

The pectoralis minor inserts in the _________ & has its origin in the __________.

Back 74

insertion: coracoid process

origin: ribs (usually 3,4,& 5)

Front 75

The __________ nerve pierces the pec. minor and continues to innervate the pec major.

Back 75

medial pectoral nerve

Front 76

_________ fascia surrounds the pectoralis minor.

Back 76

Clavipectoral fascia

Front 77

THe shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket _________ joint.

Back 77

SYNOVIAL

Front 78

THe synovial cavity is filled with _______, which has the viscosity of runny honey

Back 78

synovial fluid (secreted by cells lining the synovial membrane)

Front 79

The fibrous capsule and the synovial capsule together are called the ______.

Back 79

articular capsule

Front 80

__________are made of thickenings of fibrous capsule surrounding the (shoulder)joint.

Back 80

Intrinsic ligaments

Front 81

THe fxn of the extrinsic ligament is to ________.

Back 81

support the joint, but it is not a thickening of the fibrous capsule

Front 82

THe shoulder joint is supported mainly by the ________.

Back 82

rotator cuff muscles.

Front 83

SHoulder joint:
Ball:________
Socket:_________

Back 83

head of humerus

articulating bones of gleniod fossa

Front 84

The shoulder is very mobile, but not very ___________.

example of hemiplegic patient

Back 84

STABLE;
hemiplegic or anesthetized patients muscles are paralyzed, so if shoulder moves, you can dislocate it.

Front 85

Cause of supraspinatus to wear & tear?

Back 85

Undergoing contraction or excursion, it runs below the acromion and head of humerus Repitition of this causes supraspinatus tendon to tear

Front 86

What lies b/tw acromion & supraspinatus as a protection mechanism?

Back 86

bursae (friction decreasing device)

Front 87

THe _________ is the 2nd largest synovial cavity in the body.

Back 87

glenohumeral joint

Front 88

THe fact that the glenoid cavity is ________ provides some stability to the shoulder joint.

Back 88

shallow

Front 89

THe _______ deepens the glenoid cavity.

What partially attaches here?

Back 89

glenoid labrum;

long head of biceps tendon

Front 90

In the rotator cuff, the ______ runs posteriorly, the __________ anteriorly, & the ________ superiorly.

Back 90

infraspinatus & teres minor;
subscapularis;
supraspinatus

Front 91

The most probable place to dislocate the shoulder is _______. THis is because ___________>

Back 91

INFERIORLY:
THere is no inferior border protecting the shoulder

Front 92

How do you tell if shoulder is dislocated?

Back 92

Pec major pulls it forward (if inferior dislocation) into subcoracoid. If head of humerus below coracoid process, it's dislocated.

Front 93

The _________ connects head of humerus to coracoid process.

Back 93

coracohumeral ligament

Front 94

The coracohumeral ligament is formed from the ________, and runs _________.

Back 94

thickening of the superior aspect of the fibrous capsule;
superiorly

Front 95

Anteriorly in the shoulder, there are__________ to provide stability.

Back 95

glenohumeral ligaments (intrinsic ligaments)

Front 96

Glenalhumeral ligaments are actually ____________.

Back 96

Thickenings of the anterior part of the fibrous capsule.

Front 97

_________ are thickenings of the anterior part of the fibrous capsule, while _______ are thickenings of the superior part.

Back 97

glenohumeral;

coracohumeral

Front 98

THe coracoACROMIAL ligament helps prevent ____________o f the shoulder joint. (what direction of dislocation?)

Back 98

upward dislocation

Front 99

The coracoacormial lig. is _________, while the transverse humeral lig is _______ (intrensic/extrensic)

Back 99

cor-extrensic

transhum-intrensic

Front 100

The _____ lies just inferior to the glenohumeral joint

Back 100

axillary nerve

Front 101

__________ may be affected during an inferior shoulder dislocation.

Back 101

Axillary nerve (b/c it's just inferior to glenohumeral joint)

Front 102

In a 'shoulder separation', what is affected?

Back 102

Acromioclavicular joint