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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do aortic arches connect?
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developing heart and dorsal aorta
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What is derived from the first pharyngeal arch?
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small branches of maxillary artery
- regresses - |
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What is derived from the second pharyngeal arch?
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stapedial artery
- regresses - |
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What is derived from the third pharyngeal arch?
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common and internal carotid arteries
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What is derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch?
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aorta and right subclavian artery
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What is derived from the fifth phayngeal arch?
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nothing
- regresses - |
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What is derived from the sixth pharyngeal arch?
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proximal part of pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosis
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What are the three major blood supplies to the brain?
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internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries cerebral arterial circle |
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What does the superior thyroid artery supply?
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thyroid gland
larynx pharynx |
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What does the lingual artery supply?
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tongue
sublingual glands mucosa of floor of oral cavity |
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Which structure can the lingual artery be found near?
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deep to hypoglossal nerve
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What is supplied by the facial artery?
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skin of face in midline
lips submandibular glands mucosa of posterior oral cavity palatine tonsils |
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What does the facial artery have extensive anastomoses with?
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internal carotid artery
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Which artery supplies the sublingual gland?
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lingual artery
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Which artery supplies the submandibular gland?
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facial artery
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What is supplied by the ascending pharyngeal artery?
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pharynx
posterior cranial fossa mucosa of middle ear |
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What is supplied by the occipital artery?
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scalp in occipital artery
posterior neck muscles (SCM, deep back, stylohyoid) |
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What is supplied by the posterior auricular artery?
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skin behind ear and occipital artery
tympanic cavity |
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What is supplied by the superficial temporal artery?
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skin in temporal region
anterior scalp parotid gland temporal-mandibular joint |
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What supplies blood to the parotid gland?
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superficial temporal artery
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What structure passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid?
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maxillary artery
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What are the three parts of the maxillary artery?
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retromandibular
pterygoid pterygopalatine |
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What is the general course of the maxillary artery?
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infratemporal fossa -> pterygomaxillary fissure -> pterygopalatine fossa
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What are the branches of the retromandibular part of the maxillary artery?
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deep auricular artery
anterior tympanic artery middle meningeal artery accessory meningeal arteries inferior alveolar artery |
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What is supplied by the deep auricular artery?
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external auditory meatus
external part of tympanic artery |
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What is supplied by the anterior tympanic artery?
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tympanic membrane i middle ear
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What is supplied by the middle meningeal artery?
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dura mater
calvaria |
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What structure runs between the split in the auricotemporal nerve?
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middle meningeal artery
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Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?
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foramen spinosum
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Which structure runs with the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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retromandibular part of maxillary artery
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What is supplied by the accessory meningeal arteries?
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cranial cavity
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What is supplied by the inferior alveolar artery?
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mandible
gingiva teeth floor of mouth |
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Which artery runs through the mandibular foramen?
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inferior alveolar artery
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Which artery gives off a branch to mylohyoid?
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inferior alveolar artery
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What are the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?
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deep temporal arteries
pterygoid arteries masseteric arteries buccal artery |
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What is supplied by the deep temporal arteries?
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temporalis
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What is supplied by the pterygoid arteries?
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pterygoid muscles
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What is supplied by the masseteric arteries?
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masseter
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What is supplied by the buccal artery?
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buccinator
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What does the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery run on?
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lateral pterygoid
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What are the branches of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery?
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posterior superior alveolar artery
anterior superior alveolar artery descending palatine artery artery of pterygoid canal pharyngeal artery sphenopalatine artery |
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What is the anterior superior alveolar artery a direct branch of?
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infraorbital artery
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What do the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries branch from?
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ophthalmic artery
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What does the ophthalmic artery branch from?
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internal carotid artery
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What does the ophthalmic artery supply?
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skin of forehead, anterior scalp, and nose
mucosa of ethmoid and frontal sinuses anterior nasal mucosa orbit |
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What structure does the ophthalmic artery run with?
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branches of the ophthalmic nerve
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Which vein provides most of the venous drainage of the face?
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facial vein
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What does the facial vein have an anastamoses with?
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pterygoid venous plexus
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins |
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What does the pterygoid venous plexus connect?
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facial vein and cavernous sinus
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What do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins connect?
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facial vein and cavernous sinus
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What is thrombophlebitis, in regards to the danger triangle of the face?
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inflammation and secondary clot formation of facial vein
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What forms the dural venous sinuses?
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peiosteal and inner meningeal layers of dura mater
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What do the dural venous sinuses drain into?
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internal jugular vein
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What connect dural venous sinuses to the veins of the scalp?
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emissary veins
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What do emissary veins connect?
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dural venous sinuses and veins of the scalp
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What are the four anastamoses of the dural venous sinuses?
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meningeal veins
ophthalmic veins diploic veins emissary veins |
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What is the importance of arachnoid granulations?
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allow excess CSF from subarachnoid space into dural venous sinuses
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What joins to form the straight sinus?
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inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein
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Which dural venous sinus delivers blood to the internal jugular vein?
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sigmoid sinus
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What joins to form the sigmoid sinus?
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transverse sinus and superior petrosal sinus
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What does the confluence of sinus drain into?
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transverse sinuses
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What drains into the confluence of sinuses?
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straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus
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What does the cavernous sinus drain into?
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superior petrosal sinus
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Which part of the brain stem contains motor neurons?
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basal columns
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Which part of the brain stem contains sensory neurons?
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alar columns
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Which cranial nerves contain only motor fibers?
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IV, VI, XI, XII
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Which cranial nerves contain only sensory fibers?
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I, II, VIII
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Which cranial nerves contain motor and sensory fibers?
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V
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Which cranial nerves contain motor and parasympathetic fibers?
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III
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Which cranial nerves contain motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibers?
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VII, IX, X
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What is parasympathetic ganglia derived from?
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neural crest (4-5 weeks)
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the olfactory nerve?
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cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
SVA - smell |
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the optic nerve?
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optic canal
SSA - sight |
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What do the optic tracts connect?
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optic chiasm and brain
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Where do the axons of the optic nerve originate?
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retina
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the oculomotor nerve?
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superior orbital fissure
GSE - (most eye muscles) GVE - sphincter pupillae and cilicary muscle |
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What could result from injury to the oculomotor nerve?
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double vision
dilated pupil droopy eyelid |
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Which somatic muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?
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superior rectus
medial rectus inferior rectus inferior oblique levator palpebrae superioris |
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the trochlear nerve?
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superior orbital fissure
GSE - superior oblique |
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What could result from injury to the trochlear nerve?
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difficulty looking down
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What are the fibers of the trigeminal nerve?
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SVE - muscles of masstication
GSA - scalp, face, orbit, nasal and oral cavities, teeth, ant. 2/3 tongue |
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What is the cranial exit of the ophthalmic nerve?
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superior orbital fissure
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What is the cranial exit of the maxillary nerve?
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foramen rotundum
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What is the cranial exit of the mandibular nerve?
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foramen ovale
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What could result from injury to the trigeminal nerve?
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loss of sensation from the face
difficulty chewing |
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the abducens nerve?
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superior orbital fissure
GSE - lateral rectus |
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Which cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissue?
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III, IV, V1, VI
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Which cranial nerves travel along or through the cavernous sinus?
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III, IV, V1, V2, VI
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What would result from injury to the abducens nerve?
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difficulty looking laterally
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the facial nerve?
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internal acoustic meatus
SVE - muscles of facial expression SVA - taste ant. 2/3 tongue GVE - sublingual, submandibular and lacrimal glands GSA - skin on external ear |
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What could result from injury to the facial nerve?
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facial paralysis
loss of taste from ant. 2/3 tongue dry eyes and mouth |
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
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internal acoustic meatus
SSA - hearing and balance |
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What could result from injury to the vestibulocochlear nerve?
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hearing loss
vertigo dizziness nausea |
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Which cranial nerves exit the skull through the internal acoustic meatus?
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VII and VIII
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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jugular foramen
SVE - stylopharyngeus SVA - taste post. 1/3 tongue GVE - parotid gland GVA - carotid body and sinus GSA - pharynx and post. 1/3 tongue |
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What could result from injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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dry mouth, loss of sensation to throat and post. 1/3 tongue, loss of taste from post. 1/3 tongue
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the vague nerve?
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jugular foramen
SVE - larynx and pharynx muscles SVA - taste from epiglottis GVE - thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic organs GVA - sensory from organs GSA - skin of ear and inside skull |
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What could result from injury to the vagus nerve?
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difficulty swallowing and hoarse voice
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the accessory nerve?
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jugular foramen
GSE - SCM and trapezius SVE - distribute with vagus nerve |
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What could result from injury to the accessory nerve?
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difficulty turning head and shrugging shoulders
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Which cranial nerves exit the skull through the jugular foramen?
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IX, X, XI
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What is the cranial exit and what are the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve?
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hypoglossal canal
GSE - tongue muscles |
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What could result from injury to the hypoglossal nerve?
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difficulty speaking, eating, and protruding tongue
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Which pharyngeal arches are innervated by which cranial nerves?
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I - trigeminal
2 - facial 3 - glossopharyngeal 4 - vagus 5 - N/A 6 - vagus |
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What branches from the facial nerve immediately after it exits the skull through the internal acoustic meatus?
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greater petrosal nerve
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What is the path of the GVE fibers from the facial nerve to the lacrimal gland?
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facial nerve -> greater petrosal nerve -> zygomatic nerve -> lacrimal nerve (branch of ophthalmic nerve)
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What is the path of the GVE fibers from the facial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
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facial nerve -> chorda tympani -> lingual nerve -> submandibular ganglion
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What is the path of the SVA fibers from the facial nerve to the anterior 2/3 tongue?
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facial nerve -> chorda tympani -> lingual nerve
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What nerve innervates the external ear?
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posterior auricular (branch of facial nerve)
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Which nerve runs through the parotid gland?
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facial nerve
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What is contained within the parotid sheath?
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retromandibular vein
external carotid artery lymph nodes |
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Which muscles are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
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anterior and superior auricular muscles
frontalis corrugator supercilii procerus upper 1/2 orbicularis oculi |
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Which muscles are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?
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lower 1/2 orbicularis oculi
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Which muscles are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve?
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zygomaticus major and minor
levator anguli oris levator labii superioris levator labii superioris alaquae nasi nasalis buccinator risorius upper 1/2 orbicularis oris |
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Which muscles are innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve?
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lower 1/2 orbicularis oris
depressor anguli oris depressor labii inferioris mentalis |
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Which muscles are innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve?
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platysma
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Which nerve could be injured by inflammation near the stylomastoid foramen?
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facial nerve
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A fracture of which bone could injure the facial nerve?
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temporal bone
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