Anatomy - Lecture - Ch 2

Front 1

1. PRENATAL PERIOD
2. Pre-embryonic period
3. Embryonic period
4. Fetal Period

Back 1

1. first 38 weeks of human development (2 imaginary weeks)
2. Weeks 1-2
3. Weeks 3-8
4. Weeks 9-38

Front 2

Pre-Embryonic Period (Process)
1. Sperm and egg join:
2. Joined cell is called? Where does this exist?
3. 2-cell - 16 cell stage (dividing)
4. 16-cell name:
5. This becomes what upon entering the uterus?
6. How does it attach to wall of uterus?

Back 2

1. Fertilization
2. Zygote | uterine tube
3. Cleavage
4. Morula
5. Blastocyst
6. implantation

Front 3

CLOSER LOOK AT BLASTOCYST:
1. Inner cell mass? What does it become?
2. Outer part of cell? What does it become?
3. Two layers (inner and outer) of this outer part?

Back 3

1. Embryoblast | becomes the embryo
2. Trophoblast | becomes the chorion (half placenta)
3. Cytotrophoblast - inner
Syncytiotrophoblast - outer

Front 4

Forming the Bilaminar Disc
1. Inner Cell Mass - name processes/what it forms
2. Top portion the inner cell mass divides into and its functions
3. Bottom portion inner cell mass divides into and its functions

Back 4

1. Divides into 2 sheets of cells - epiblast & hypoblast
- Together form flat disc referred to as the biliminar germinal disk
2. Epiblast | Embryo, Amnion
3. Hypoblast | Yolk sac

Front 5

EMBRYONIC PERIOD
1. Formation of 3 germ layers - describe beginning structure

Back 5

1. Upper portion (epiblast) and Lower portion (hypoblast). Primitive streak is on the dorsal surface of the epiblast

Front 6

FORMATION OF 3 GERM LAYERS
1. Gastrulation
2. Invaginating cells form?
3. Remaining epiblast cells form?

Back 6

1. EPIBLAST cells INVAGINATE throught he primitive streak towards hypoblast
2. mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (bottom layer)
3. ectoderm (upper layer)

Front 7

DERIVATIVES OF GERM LAYERS:
1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm

Back 7

1. Skin & Nervous Tissue
2. Muscle tissue, Heart, Kidneys, Reproductive organs
3. Digestive and Respiratory Systems

Front 8

BODY FOLDING:
1. Transverse folding
2. Cephalocaudal folding

Back 8

1. When left and right sides of embryo curve toward the midline (creates a cylindrical trunk with endoderm most internal, and ectoderm along exterior)
2. occurs in head and tail region (creates head and buttock)

Front 9

NEURULATION
1. Origin of notochord
2. Function of notochord
3. Definition of Induction

Back 9

1.tube of MESODERM, forms parallel and deep to primitive streak
2. Stimulates ECTODERM to form brain and spinal cord (doesn't become spinal cord)
3. One structure influencing another structure to change form

Front 10

ORGANOGENESIS
1. Basic info
2. How long till most organ systems have developed?
3. How long is embryo?

Back 10

1. Organ development follows gastrulation and body folding. Upper and lower limbs attain adult shape
2. 8 weeks
3. 1 inch long

Front 11

FETAL PERIOD
1. Basic definition
2. Define Premature birth
3. What week can infants survive birth without life-saving measures?
4. What week can earliest infants survive?

Back 11

1. Growth and maturation of existing organs
2. Any birth before 38 wks.
3. week 30
4. week 22

Front 12

Birth Defects
1. how many out of 100 US babies born with serious structural birth defects?
2. What percentage of birth defects are due to unknown causes?

Back 12

1. 3 in 100
2. 50%

Front 13

BIRTH DEFECTS (CONT)
1. Define Teratogen
2. Periods that babies are sensitive to teratogens?
3. Results of exposure to teratogens during organogenesis?

Back 13

1. Anything that causes a birth defect
2. Pre-embryonic and embryonic
3. Results in mal-formation of some or all organ systems

Front 14

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)
1. Preventable or non?
2. How much alcohol can be teratogenic?
3. FAS attributes (4)

Back 14

1. Preventable (one of few)
2. Single binge
3. Growth retardation
Heart Defects
Microcephally
Leading cause of mental retardation

Front 15

ACCUTANE
1. intended as a last resort for what?
2. Percentage of babies born to mothers on accutane with serious birth defects?
3. Percentage that are mentally disabled?

Back 15

1. severe acne
2. 25%
3. 50%