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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THREE CLASSES OF VESSELS
Arteries 1. transports blood where? 2. what circuit for oxygenated blood? 3. what circuit/arteries for deoxygenated blood? 4. Name for when 2 or more vessels converge? Capillaries 5. define (between tissues and vessels) Veins 6. Transport blood where? 7. circuit of oxygenated blood? 8. circuit of deoxygenated blood? |
1. blood away from heart
2. systematic circuit = oxygenated blood 3. pulmonary circuit and umbilical arteries = deoxygenated blood 4. anastomosis 5. Location of gas and nutrient exchange between vessels and tissues 6. blood back to the heart 7. pulmonary circuit and umbilical vein = oxygenated blood 8. systematic circuit |
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VESSEL TUNICS
1. Name for the inside space of the vessel? 2. What is the name of the innermost layer? 3. Type of tissue of above (squamous, etc)? 4. What is the middle layer? 5. type of muscle fibers and arrangement? 6. location of what two things? (vaso...) 7. name of outermost layer? 8. made of what type of fibers? 9. What's the thickest layer? 10. What would have the thickest tunica media? |
1. Lumen
2. Tunica Intima 3. Simple squamous endothelium 4. Tunica media 5. Circularly arranged, smooth muscle fibers 6. vasodilation and vasoconstriction 7. Tunica externa 8. collagen and elastic fibers 9. Tunica media 10. Arteries |
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COMPARISON OF VESSEL STRUCTURES
What's unique about each? 1. Arteries 2. Capillaries (2) 3. Veins (3) |
1. thickest tunica media
2. ONLY tunica intima | this allows rapid gas exchange 3. Thickest tunica externa, smaller tunica media than arteries, contains valves |
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ORDER OF HEART/VEIN pyramid/cycle (know in both directions)
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Heart
Elastic Artery Muscular Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Medium Vein Large Vein Heart |
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ELASTIC ARTERIES
1. relative size of arteries? 2. "__________ arteries" 3. (from above) Between what? 4. effects of High elastin content 5. Examples of elastic artery |
1. Largest artery
2. Conducting arteries 3. between heart and muscular arteries 4. High elastin content allows arteries to stretch and dampen surges and reduce blood pressure resulting from contractions of heart 5. Aorta and its major branches |
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ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURISM
1. Define? What happens to blood 2. Most often cause? 3. Detection methods? 4. Treatment? |
1. Localized dilation of a blood vessel, specifically the arteries
2. Most often caused by atherosclerosis 3. abdominal palpation, x-ray, or ultrasound 4. treated with artificial vascular prosthesis or stents inserted through the femoral artery |
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MUSCULAR ARTERIES
1. "Distributing Arteries" where to? 2. Tunica Media? 3. How does it regulate blood flow to tissues? 4. Know most of the named arteries from lab (Brachial, coronary, inferior mesenteric arteries, etc..) |
1. distributes blood to the body organs and tissues
2. THICK 3. actively changes diameter of lumen to regulate amount of blood flow to the tissues |
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AORTIC ARTERIAL BRANCHES
1. Brachiocephalic artery (trunk). Two branches? 2. Left common carotid artery (Left ________ and ________ carotid arteries) 3. Left subclavian artery(Left _________ and __________ ________ arteries). |
1. Right Common carotid artery (right external and internal carotid arteries)
- Right subclavian artery (right vertebral and internal thoracic arteries) 2. external and internal carotid arteries 3. vertebral and internal thoracic arteries. |
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ARTERIOLES
1. size relative to other artieries? 2. Lead to where? 3. Diameter regulated by what two things? |
1. smallest arteries
2. lead to the capillary beds 3. local tissue factors | sympathetic nervous system |
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What's the functional unit of the cardiovascular system?
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Capillaries
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CAPILLARIES
1. Functional unit of cardiovascular system. Location of what between what? 2. vessel size relative? 3. Define capillary bed 4. Three types of capillary beds/ |
1. location of gas and nutrient or waste exchange between blood and tissues
2. smallest vessels 3. network of capillaries that run throughout the body tissues 4. Continuous | Fenestrated | Sinusoid |
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TYPES OF CAPILLARIES (Label)
Continuous 1. commonality? 2. Found where? (5) 3. Physical description Fenestrated 4. Found where? 5. physical description Sinusoid 6. Found where 7. physical description |
1. Most common type
2. Muscle, skin, thymus, lungs, and the CNS 3. Smooth, no holes 4. small intestine, endocrine glands, kidneys (food, hormones, proteins, etc - through holes) 5. small holes (fenstrations - for transport of small particles) 6. bone maroow, spleen, liver (blood cells need to enter, old cells removed) 7. large fenstrations |
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VENULES
1. vein size - relative 2. Primary location of what? 3. what join to form what? |
1. smallest veins
2. diapedesis 3. venules join to form to veins |
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VEINS
1. Direction of blood 2. Acts as what? 3. walls of veins compared to arteries 4. Blood pressure? 5. most veins contain what? 6. What do they do? 7. what helps pump blood toward heart? |
1. Return blood back to heart
2. Acts as blood resevoir 3. walls of veins are thinner than those of comparable arteries 4. low blood pressure in veins 5. valves 6. prevent backflow of blood 7. skeletal muscle contractions |
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HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM
Where do these go/connect? 1. Hepatic portal vein 2. superior mesenteric vein 3. inferior mesenteric vein 4. splenic vein 5. gastric vein |
1. Liver and posterior side of stomach
2. intestines 3. intestines 4. spleen 5. anterior/superior side of stomach |
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VARICOSE VEINS
1. What's become dysfunctional leading to blood pooling in the limb veins? 2. Results from what, causes? Hemorrhoids 3. Varicose veins in what region? 4. caused by increased what? 5. What two things are given that can induce this? |
1. Valves have become dysfunctional
2. genetic predisposition - aging - some form of stress that inhibits venous return such as as obesity, pregnancy, or standing for long periods of time 5.Varicose veins of the anorecal region 6. increased intraabdominal pressure 6. childbirth, bowel movement |
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BLOOD PRESSUE
1. Define pulse Blood Pressure 2. measured with what instrument? 3. pressure fraction 4. average? Hypertension 5. what is high blood pressure rate? |
1. Rhythmic pumping blood
2. sphygmomanometer 3. systolic pressure/diastotic pressure 4. 120/80 5. 140/90 |
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
1. linked to how many US deaths (percentage) 2. Progressive disease of ? 3. What places most affected? 4. Characterized by presence of? 5. Leads to thickening of? 6. Narrowing of? |
1. over 50% all US deaths
2. elastic and muscular arteries 3. Aorta and coronary arteries most affected 4. atheroma (fatty plaque) 5. tunica intima 6. arterial lumen |
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ATHEROSCLERORIS (CONT)
1. Risk factors 2. Treatments 3. Best treatment? How? |
1. Genetics, sex, age, smoking, hypertension
2. Angioplasty, stents, coronary bypass surgery 3. prevention - maintain healthy diet/watch cholesterol, don't smoke, monitor blood pressure |
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FETAL CIRCULATION (Know what they turn into)
Umbilical Arteries 1. How many umbilical arteries? what do they turn in to? 2. How many veins? Turn into? Ductus Venosus 3. Diverts blood from? 4. name of adult leftover? Foramen Ovale 5. Diverts blood from what to what? 6. name of scar tissue where this used to be? Ductus Arteriosus 1. Diverts blood from what to what? 2. name? |
1. 2 umbilical arteries -> medial umbilical ligaments
2. 1 vein -> round ligament of liver or ligamentum teres 3. Diverts blood from the liver 4. Ligamentum venosum 5. Diverts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium 6. Fossa ovalis 7. Diverts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch 8. Ligamentum arteriosum |
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PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS
1. what fails to constrict and close after birth? 2. What will fail if left untreated? 3. Treated with what? |
1. Ductus Arteriosus
2. failure of the right ventricle 3. prostaglandin-inhibiting medications or surgery |
