Anatomy - Lecture - Ch 11

Front 1

NAME 3 PRIMARY BRAIN VESICLES (ANT to POST)

1. Forebrain
2. midbrain
3. hindbrain

Back 1

1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon

Front 2

NAME 5 SECONDARY BRAIN VESICLES - ant to post (future adult brain regions)

Tel Di Mes Met My "Mom"

Back 2

1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Myelencephalon

Front 3

NAME NEURAL CANAL DERIVATIVE of 5 SECONDARY BRAIN VESICLES

1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Myelencephalon

Back 3

1. Lateral ventricles
2. Third Ventricle
3. Cerebral Aqueduct
4. Anterior part of fourth ventricle
5. Posterior part of fourth ventricle; central canal

Front 4

NAME STRUCTURES WITHIN EACH OF THE 5 BRAIN REGIONS
1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Metencephalon
5. Myelencephalon

Back 4

1. Cerebrum
2. Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus
3. Cerebral peduncles, Superior colliculi, inferior colliculi
4. Pons, Cerebellum
5. Medulla Oblongata

Front 5

CRANAIL MENINGES

1. definition: what are they surrounding what and what?
2. Name Functions (3)

Back 5

1. Connective tissue layers surround brain and spinal cord
2. - Seperate brain from skull
- enclose and protect blood vessels supplying brain
- contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Front 6

BRAIN VENTRICLES (know where they are/label)

1. Lateral Ventricles
2. Septum Pellucidum
3. Third Ventricles
4. Mesencephalic (cerebral) aqueduct
5. Fourth Ventricle
6. Choroid plexus

Back 6

nothing

Front 7

CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID (CSF)

1. Where is it produced?
2. What cells make it up?
3. Physical description
4. Circulates where?
5. Bouyancy?
6. Protection?
7. Enviornmental Stability?

Back 7

1. Choroid Plexus
2. Made of ependymal cells
3. clear, colorless fluid
4. Circulates through the ventricles
5. reduced weight of brain by 95%
6. provides liquid cushion
7. Transports nutrients, chemical messengers and removes wastes

Front 8

HYDROCEPHALUS

1. also known by what general description
2. Due to excessive what?
3. Results from obstruction of what or what intrinsic problem?
4. Treated using what? VP or ETV

Back 8

1. "water on the brain"
2. Excessive CSF
3. Can result from either obstruction of CSF flow or problems with the arachnoid villi intrisically
4. Can be treated using Ventriculoperitoneal shunt or Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

Front 9

CEREBRUM

1. Location of what functions?
2. Name of connecting tissue between two hemispheres?
3. Gray Matter (cortex) houses what?
4. White matter houses/made of?
5. What are found amongst/account for the large surface area?

Back 9

1. Location of CONSCIOUSNESS and THOUGHT PROCESSES
2. Connected by CORPUS CALLOSUM
3. houses motor neurons cell bodies
4. houses myelinated axons
5. Gyri and Sulci

Front 10

LOBES OF CEREBRUM

1. Frontal - functions
2. Parietal - functions
3. Temporal - functions
4. Occipital - functions
5. Insula - functions

Back 10

1. Decision making, personality, verbal communication, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles
2. Sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, understanding speech
3. auditory and olfactory experience
4. Vision
5. taste, memory

Front 11

FRONTAL LOBOTOMY

1. Supposed "cure" what what type of people?
2. What type of children were these performed on in Japan?
3. Who was it performed on in USA?
4. Thousands performed between what years?
5. Replaced by what modern means?

Back 11

1. people who were violent or profoundly disturbed
2. children who did poorly in school.
3. prisoners in exchange for early parol
4. 1930's - 1950's
5. depression medications and other psychiatric meds

Front 12

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE CEREBRUM

1. Motor areas?
2. What side of central sulcous does this appear?
3. Sensory area?
4. What side of the central sulcus does this appear?
5. Association Areas?

Back 12

1. PRE-CENTRAL gyrus
2. Anterior, in front of
3. POST-CENTRAL gyrus
4. Posterior, in back of

5. All cortical regions other than primary sensory areas and motor areas

Front 13

HOMUNCULUS

1.Define Somatopy
2. Placement of Primary Motor Cortex vs. Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Back 13

1. Point-by-point correspondence between body area and the CNS
2. Primary Motor cortex is anterior to the Primary Somatosensory cortex

Front 14

CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER

1. What connects different parts of the same hemisphere?
2. What connects the two hemispheres (corpus callosum)?
3. What runs vertically, conveys sensory and motor information?

Back 14

1. Association Tracts
2. Commissural Tracts
3. Projection Tracts

Front 15

DIENCEPHALON

1. Consists of what 3 brain structures?
2. What matter is it primarily composed of?

Back 15

1. Thalamus, Epithalamus, Hypothalamus
2. Gray Matter

Front 16

EPITHALAMUS

1. Forms posterior roof of what? Covers what?
2. What two functions does the Habenular Nuclei have?
3. Pineal (body) Gland - Secretes what? regulates?

Back 16

1. Forms posterior roof of DIENCEPHALON and covers the third ventricle
2. Relays signals from the limbic system
- involved in the visceral and emotional responses to odors
3. Secretes Melatonin | regulates circadian rhythms

Front 17

THALAMUS

1. Lies on either side of what?
2. Principle relay point for what?
3. What connects two halves of Thalamus?

Back 17

1. lies on either side of the third ventricle
2. Principle relay point for sensory and motor information into cerebrum
3. Interthalamic adhesion (intermediate mass)

Front 18

HYPOTHALAMUS

1. Functions? (BEETSHAM)
2. what extends from it?
3. Gland at the end of this extension?

Back 18

1.
B ehavior
E ndocrine
E motion
T emperature Control
S leep/wake cycle
H unger/Thirst
A utonomic control
M emory

2. Infundibulum
3. Pituitary Gland

Front 19

What is the first part of the brain Alcohol affects?

Back 19

Cerebellum

Front 20

CEREBELLUM

1. Affects on body movements
2. How does it accomplish this? (3)
3. Consists of what anatomical terms?

Back 20

1. Smooths and cooridinates (doesn't MAKE you move)
2. information on equilibrium and posture
- information on current movements
- proprioception
3. Cerebellar hemisphere, vermis, Arbor Vitae

Front 21

BRAIN STEM

1. "___________ brain"
2. Bidirectional pathway between what?
3. What does is contain that's essential for survival (2)?
4. Includes what 3 anatomical structures (midbrain)?

Back 21

1. "Primative Brain"
2. Bidirectional passageway between cerebrum and spinal cord
3. Autonomic and Reflex centers
4. mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata

Front 22

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

1. What 3 centers does the M. Oblongata serve as?
2. Regulates what else?
3. What does it serve as the point of attachment for?

Back 22

1. Vasomotor, Cardiac, Respiratory
2. coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, etc
3. cranial nerves

Front 23

LIMBIC SYSTEM

more of a functional area than an anatomical structure

1. "_________ brain"
2. involved in what 3 functions?

Back 23

1. "Emotional Brain"
2. motivation, emotion, and memory

Front 24

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

1. two words that describe this disease of the brain
2. Results in what?
3. Over age of 65, what percentage range of people get this disease?
4. Symptoms (3)
5. ___________ tangle
6. APP
7. What are they?

Back 24

1. Progressive and Degenerative
2. Dimentia
3. between 5 and 15%
4. Memory loss, depression, disorientation
5. Neurofibrillary tangle
6. Amyloid Precursor Proteins (APP)
7. Senile Plaques

Front 25

PARKINSON DISEASE

1. Affects on muscles?
2. Symptoms
3. Caused by lack of which neurotransmitter?
4. Affects of blood-brain barrier

Back 25

1. affects muscle movement and balance
2. stiff posture, expressionless face, slow movements, resting tremor, and a shuffling gait
3. Caused by lack of neurotransmitter dopamine
4. Synthetic dopamine cannot be injected past the blood-brain barrier

Front 26

SPINAL CORD (LABEL)

1. Placement of Gray Matter
2. Parts of spinal cord that are made of gray matter
3. Placement of White Matter
4. parts of spinal cord that are made of white matter
5. Name of anterior and posterior slits
6. Name of posterior collection of neurons
7. Meninges (superficial to deep)

Back 26

1. Gray matter is DEEP
2. central canal , anterior/posterior/lateral horns
3. White matter is SUPERFICIAL
4. Anterior/posterior/lateral funiculi
5. Anterior Median Fissure, and Posterior Median Sulcus
6. Dorsal Root Ganglion
7. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater