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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lordosis
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forward bend
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What are the vertebrae of the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus?
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Cervical plexus= C1-4
Brachial plexus= C5-T1 |
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kyphosis
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backward bend
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Where does the spinal cord terminate? What is below this level?
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1. L1
2. cauda equine and filum terminale |
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Which regions of the vertebrae have kyphosis and lordosis?
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Kyphosis: thoracic, sacrum
Lordosis: cervical, lumbar |
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What is the purpose of the coccyx?
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Important in holding together pelvic diaphragm.
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Why are there enlargements in the cervical vertebrae?
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Presence of more nerve cell bodies to cover the brachial plexus and nerves for upper limbs.
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Where do the nerves exit the spinal cord and what do the branch off into?
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The segmental nerves leave the spinal cord in the intervertebral foramina; after leaving, they separate into dorsal and ventral rami.
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The dorsal roots are motor/sensory; the dorsal root ganglion houses nerve cell ________ that support the axons.
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1. sensory
2. bodies |
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The ventral roots are motor/senosry, including __________.
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1. motor
2. autonomic |
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Where do the dorsal and the ventral ramus go to?
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The dorsal ramus goes to deep back muscle and skin.
The ventral ramus goes to all other muscle and skin. |
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(optional) How do you know where the nerves exit from the vertebra?
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Cervical spinal nerves exit the canal above the level of the vertebrae. Thoracic, lumbar and sacral all exit the vertebral column below their respective vertebrae.
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Where is the beginning of the spinal cord?
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medulla oblongata
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What protects the spinal cord?
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The vertebra and meninges
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What happens below L1?
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Below L1, the dural sac continues, but it only contains ventral and dorsal roots (the Cauda Equina) plus a filum terminale.
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Conus Medularis
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The is the tapering terminis of the spinal cord.
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What does it mean to have a "slipped disk?"
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The nucleus pulposis herniates into the spinal cord and impinges on the nerve
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Dura mater.
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Tough outermost covering. Extensions of this covering surround the spinal nerves as they emerge from the cord
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Arachnoid mater.
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Just inside dura. Sends thin fibers to the spinal cord to keep it in place.
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Subarachnoid space
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Canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Fills space around spinal cord; protection.
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Pia mater.
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Thin layer (one cell thick, usually) that covers over outer surface of cord.
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denticulate ligament
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attach spinal cord to dura mater, thus holding the spinal cord in the center of the dural sac as a hammock. This is to protect it from shock when the body is jostled around.
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conus medullaris
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The spinal cord tapers off at the end.
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filum terminale
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A continuation of the pia mater
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cauda equina
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Dorsal and ventral roots of lower lumbar and sacral nerves. They surround the filum terminale.
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(optional)
Where is the best place to inject in the spine? |
L3 and L4
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Where is the end of the dural sac?
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S1 level
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Anterior artery
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The anterior branch ends in an anterior spinal artery which runs up and down the cord vertically, in the anterior midline, supplying the spinal cord with blood (both right and left sides).
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Posterior Artery
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The posterior branches each end in a posterior spinal artery (which are paired), that run up and down the spinal cord on the posterior surface, also supplying the spinal cord with blood, but on only right or left side (as it is paired).
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artery of Adamkiewicz
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This is one enlarged segmental artery. In some individuals, be the largest single supply for the lower 1/3 of the spinal cord
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spinal gray matter
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dorsal horn and ventral horn
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herniated disk
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C and L, will effect the nerve below, T- above
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