Anatomy Lecture 2 Tissues Part I

Front 1

What are tissues?

Back 1

A group of cells of similar structure that perform a common function

Front 2

What are the four types of tissue?

Back 2

Epithelium, Connective, Muscle and Nervous

Front 3

What is the definition of epithelium tissue and where can you find it?

Back 3

Closely packed cells that cover organs and glands. Protection, absorption and secretion. Located in the epidermis, the inner lining of the digestive tract, the liver and other glands.

Front 4

What is the definition of connective tissue and where can you find it?

Back 4

More matrix than cell volume. Functions are to support, bind and protect. Located in tendons and ligaments, cartilage and bone, blood and lymph.

Front 5

What is the definition of nervous tissue and where can you find it?

Back 5

Nervous tissue contains excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells. Located in brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Front 6

What is the definition of muscle tissue and where can you find it?

Back 6

Elongated, excitable cells specialized for contraction. Located in the heart(cardiac tissue), the skeletal muscles, and the walls of the viscera(smooth muscle).

Front 7

What are the components of tissue?

Back 7

Cells, intercellular substances(matrix)

Front 8

What are types of intercellular substances?

Back 8

1.)Amphorous Ground Substance-provides support and acts as a diffusion medium 2.) Fibrous Material-Collagen, reticular and elastic 3.)Fluids-diffusion of oxygen and nutrients/wastes. Fluids arise from blood vessels

Front 9

Characteristics of epithelium

Back 9

Cover surfaces, line cavities, form glands. Closely opposed cells at a free surface(no cellular or extracellular elements here), exhibit polarity.

Front 10

What anchors epithelium to connective tissue?

Back 10

Basement membrane which is a sheet-like layer of intercellular material. Tight Junctions hold epithelium and basement membrane together.

Front 11

The epithelium of mucous membranes overlie a thin layer of areolar CT, blood vessels are nerves called what?

Back 11

Lamina Propria. Epithelium is also avascular.

Front 12

What are the three classifications of epithelium?

Back 12

Simple (1 layer) and stratified(2 layers) and pseudostratified (1 layer that appears to be multiple). Columnar is only type that has pseudostratified.

Front 13

What are the classifications of epithelium based on cell shape?

Back 13

1.)Squamous(scale-like, width and depth are greater than height) 2.) Cuboidal-width,depth and height are approx. the same. 3.) Columnar-height exceeds width and depth.

Front 14

Simple squamous epithelium

Back 14

Single layer of flat scale-like cells. Cells fit tightly together, easily damaged. Found where diffusion takes place. Alveoli, capillaries.

Front 15

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 15

Single layer of cubed like cells. Main functions are absorption and secretion. Found in kidney tubules, salivary glands, thyroid ducts, pancreas, liver.

Front 16

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Back 16

Single layer of elongated cells. Function in absorption and secretion. Found in lining of digestive tract. Numerous microvilli. Mucous secreting goblet cells found here.

Front 17

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium

Back 17

Appears to be multiple layers but is actually one layer in which cell nuclei are at different levels. Found in the upper respiratory tract and oviducts. Has mucous secreting goblet cells moved around by cilia.

Front 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Back 18

Many layers. Cell division occurs in lower layers and pushes outward. Found in areas of heavy wear and tear:epidermis, mouth, anus, vagina, esophagus

Front 19

Stratified transitional epithelium

Back 19

Appearance of cell changes with tension. Found lining urinary system, especially bladder.

Front 20

Epithelial cells invaginate from the surface to form 2 types of glands. Name them.

Back 20

1.)Exocrine-secrete products into ducts 2.)Endocrine-secrete product directly into bloodstream (hormone).

Front 21

Name the four types of exocrine secretions.

Back 21

Serous, mucous, mixed, and oily(sebum)

Front 22

Where are some examples of endocrine secretion?

Back 22

Pituitary, adrenal, testes, ovaries, pancreas

Front 23

Glands are classified on the complexity of the duct. Name the three classifications and where they can be found.

Back 23

1.) Simple coiled tubular: sweat gland 2.)Compound acinar: Mammary gland 3.)Compound tubuloacinar: pancreas

Front 24

There are four modes of release of gland product. Name and explain them.

Back 24

1.)Merocrine-Granules released from cell (pancreas) 2.)Apocrine-Part of cell is released from granules(mammary gland) 3.)Holocrine-whole cell dies and is secreted(sebaceous gland of hair follicle). 4.)Cytogenous-whole living cell is released (testis/ovary).