Anatomy Lecture 14

Front 1

Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart. Veins carry blood _____ from the heart.

Back 1

away; back

Front 2

What are great vessels?

Back 2

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart

Front 3

What is the force of the blood pushing against the inside walls of blood vessels?

Back 3

blood pressure

Front 4

The cardiovascular system consists of what two circulations?

Back 4

pulmonary & systemic

Front 5

The _________ conveys blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart.

Back 5

pulmonary

Front 6

The ________ conveys blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart.

Back 6

systemic

Front 7

How is the heart positioned?

Back 7

slightly left of the midline, deep to the sternum, in the mediastinum

Front 8

The posteriosuperior surface of the heart is mainly the left atrium and is called the ______ of the heart.

Back 8

base

Front 9

What is formed by the great arterial vessels and the superior vena cava?

Back 9

superior border

Front 10

What is the apex?

Back 10

inferior conical end

Front 11

What is formed by the right ventricle?

Back 11

inferior border

Front 12

What is the function of the pericardium?

Back 12

restricts heart movements so that it moves only slightly within the thorax

Front 13

The pericardium is composed of what two parts?

Back 13

fibrous pericardium & serous pericardium

Front 14

Which part of the pericardium is composed of tough, dense connective tissue?

Back 14

fibrous pericardium

Front 15

The serous pericardium is composed of what two parts?

Back 15

parietal layer & visceral layer

Front 16

Which part of the serous pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart?

Back 16

visceral layer

Front 17

What is the small space between the parietal and visceral layers?

Back 17

pericardial cavity

Front 18

Name the three layers of the heart wall in order from superficial to deep.

Back 18

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Front 19

What does the epicardium layer consist of?

Back 19

visceral layer of the serous pericardium and areolar connective tissue

Front 20

What type of muscle does the myocardium consist of?

Back 20

cardiac muscle

Front 21

The heart is composed of what four chambers?

Back 21

two smaller atria & tow larger inferior ventricles

Front 22

The _____ is a muscular extension formed by the anteroinferior borders of the atria.

Back 22

auricle

Front 23

What seperates the atria and ventricles?

Back 23

coronary sulcus

Front 24

Where are the anterior inter ventricular sulcus and posterior inter-ventricular sulcus located?

Back 24

between the right and left ventricles and run from the coronary sulcus toward the apex of the heart

Front 25

Name the four valves of the heart.

Back 25

right antrioventricular, pulmonary semilunar, left atrioventricular, aortic semilunar

Front 26

What receives venous blood from the heart, the muscles, and systemic circulation?

Back 26

right atrium

Front 27

Name the three veins that drain into the right atrium.

Back 27

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Front 28

What separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Back 28

right atrioventricular valve

Front 29

What flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the right atrioventricular valve?

Back 29

deoxygenated blood

Front 30

What causes the right atrioventricular valve to close and what does it prevent?

Back 30

the right ventricle contracts; blood back flow into the right atrium

Front 31

What receives deoxygenated venous blood from the right atrium?

Back 31

right ventricle

Front 32

What is the function of the inter ventricular septum?

Back 32

forms a thick wall between the right and left ventricles

Front 33

What does the inner wall of each ventricle display?

Back 33

irregular muscular ridges called trabecular carneae

Front 34

What are papillary muscles?

Back 34

cone-shaped muscle projections inside the right ventricle

Front 35

The papillary muscles anchor thin strands of strong connective tissue called what?

Back 35

chordae tendineae

Front 36

What is the chordae tendineae made up of?

Back 36

collagen fibers

Front 37

What are cusps?

Back 37

triangular flaps that hang down into the ventricle

Front 38

How does the chord tendineae work with the cusps?

Back 38

the CT prevents the cusps from prolapsing into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

Front 39

What is the smooth area at the superior end of the right ventricle called?

Back 39

conus arteriosus

Front 40

What is the inferior end of the right ventricle and the beginning of the pulmonary trunk called?

Back 40

pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 41

What are the two semilunar valves and where are they located?

Back 41

pumonary and aortic; in the roof of the right and left ventricles

Front 42

What is each semilunar valve composed of?

Back 42

three cusps

Front 43

What happens when ventricles contract and relax?

Back 43

contract- blood pushes cusps against arterial trunks; relax- blood flows back toward the ventricles, enters the pockets of the cusps and forces them toward midline, thus closing the valve

Front 44

What travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium?

Back 44

oxygenated blood

Front 45

What separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Back 45

left atrioventricular valve

Front 46

The wall of the left ventricle is typicalled three times ______ than the right ventricular wall.

Back 46

thicker

Front 47

What does the left ventricle pump blood to?

Back 47

entire body, except for lungs

Front 48

What is the aortic semilunar valve?

Back 48

superior end of the left ventricle

Front 49

What is the function of the coronary arteries that travel within the coronary sulcus?

Back 49

supply the heart wall muscle with oxygen and nutrients

Front 50

Name the two branches of the right coronary artery.

Back 50

marginal artery & posterior interventricular artery

Front 51

What right coronary artery supplies the posterior surface of the left and right ventricles?

Back 51

posterior interventricular artery

Front 52

Name the two branches of the left coronary artery.

Back 52

anterior interventricular artery & circumflex artery

Front 53

What left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle?

Back 53

circumflex

Front 54

Name the three major veins.

Back 54

great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein

Front 55

What major vein runs alongside the posterior inter ventricular artery?

Back 55

middle cardiac vein

Front 56

All three of the major veins drain into what large vein that drains into the right atrium?

Back 56

coronary sinus

Front 57

What fiber is the myocardium composed of?

Back 57

cardiac muscle fibers

Front 58

What is it called when the heart is capable of initiating its own heartbeat independent of external nerves?

Back 58

autorhythmicity

Front 59

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node/pacemaker?

Back 59

electrical impulse that initiates the heartbeat

Front 60

How do impulses travel through the heart?

Back 60

SA node -> AV node -> AV bundle -> left & right bundles -> Purkinje fibers -> ventricular myocardium