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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of immunity
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Innate and Adaptive
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Describe Innate immunity
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Defenses are present from birth, and all innate threats are reacted to in the same way
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Describe Adaptive immunity
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Involves specific recognition of a microbe, and adjustment is slow.
Involves T & B cells |
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What are the 4 elements of the lymphatic system
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1) Fluid: Lymph
2) Lymphatic vessels 3) Structures and organs that contain lymphocytes 4) Red bone marrow: Site of lymphocytes |
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Define lymph
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Interstitial fluid that has entered and flows through lymphatic vessels
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What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system
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1) Drains excess interstitial fluid away from cells
2) Transports dietary lipids from small intestine and deposits them all over the body 3) Carries out immune response against microbes and abnormal cells |
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What is the difference between lymphatic vessels and blood vessels structurally
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Lymphatic vessels resemble veins but have thinner walls and more one-way valves
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Where are the lymph nodes located and what are they
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They are located along the lymphatic vessels and contain B & T cells
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What 6 tissues do not have lymphatic tissue
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1) Cartilage
2) Epidermis 3) Cornea of eye 4) CNS 5) Spleen 6) Red bone marrow |
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What do lacteals do
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Carry dietary lipids into the lymphatic vessels and then into the blood vessels
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What is chyle and where does it occur
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it is when there are lipids present in the lymph causing it to be milky white. It occurs when lymph drains from the small intestine.
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What are the 5 major lymphatic trunks
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1) Lumbar
2) Intestinal 3) Bronchomediastinal 4) Subclavian 5) Jugular trunks |
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What are the 2 lymphatic ducts of the body
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Right and thoracic
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What parts of the body do the two lymphatic ducts receive lymph from
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Right duct receives from upper right quadrant of the body
Thoracic duct receives from left side of the head, neck, chest, left upper limb, and everything below the ribs |
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How does lymph flow through the body
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Large # of valves
Respiratory pump causes a pressure gradient in the thorax, causing fluid to flow to areas of low pressure |
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What are the 2 groups of lymphatic organs
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Primary
- Where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent, including red bone marrow and thymus (where B & T cells are kept) Secondary - Lymph nodes, spleen |
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Where is the thymus located
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In the mediastinum between the sternum and aorta
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Describe the structure of the thymus
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It has inward trabeculae which create lobules where Immature T cells come from Red bone marrow to mature and proliferate
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How does the structure of the lobule cortex help the T-cells mature
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The epithelial cells in the cortex have long processes that surround and serve as a frame for the T-cells
They have thymic macrophages to keep the environment optimal for survival of T-cells |
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Where do surviving T-cells go
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The medulla of the thymus
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Name the types of cells in the central thymic medulla
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Mature T-cells
Epithelial Dendritic Macrophages and Thymic corpuscles |
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Describe lymph nodes
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Located along the lymphatic vessels
600 in the body Had trabeculae which divides the node into compartments |
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What is the functional tissue of the lymph node
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Parenchyma
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How does lymph enter and exit lymph nodes
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Afferent vessels - Efferent vessels
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Where are T and B cells located in the lymph nodes
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T cells are in the inner cortex and B cells are in the medulla
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State the path of lymph through the 5 parts of the node
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Afferent vessels, subscapular sinus, trabecular sinus, medullary sinus, efferent vessels
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What 3 processes happen in the lymph
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1) Foreign substances are trapped by reticular fibers
2) Macrophages destroy foreign substances via phagocytosis 3) Lymphocytes destroy other foreign substances with immune system |
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What is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
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Spleen
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Where is the spleen located
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Left hypochondriac region between the stomach and diaphragm
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What are the two types of parenchyma in the spleen
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1) White pulp - Lymphatic tissue containing macrophages and lymphocytes around central arteries
2) Red pulp - Venous sinuses filled with blood and cords of splenic tissue |
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What are lymphatic nodules
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Nodes without the capsule
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What are the 5 tonsils of the oral cavity
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Pharyngeal, 2 palatine and 2 lingual
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