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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine glands
*develop from ______ *_____ glands *secrete ____ directly ____ that bind to _____ *help _____ *_____ is the study of endocrine glands and hormones |
Develop from all 3 embryonic germ layers
Ductless glands Secrete hormones directly into the blood stream that bind to receptors on cells Help maintain homeostasis Endocrinology is the study of endocrine glands and hormones |
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Endocrine vs. Nervous System
*endocrine is ___ but ____ *it has _______ effects *it can affect _____ *it acts using ______ |
*slower, lasts longer
*widespread *any cell in the body *hormones, chemical response |
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Hormones
*_____ released into the ___ by endocrine glands *regulate ___ |
*messenger molecules, blood
*specific body functions |
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Tropic Hormones
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Hormones that affect the release of other hormones
ex: gonadotropins (LH and FSH) are hormones that affect the release of sex hormones from the gonads |
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Hypothalamus: 3 endocrine functions
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*produces regulatory hormones that ether stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary hormone secretion
*overseer of ANS, stimulate secretion of adrenal medulla via sympathetic **** PRODUCES 2 HORMONES, OXYTOCIN AND ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE. STORED AND RELEASED IN POSTERIOR PITUITARY |
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*Pituitary Gland aka ____
*Anterior pituitary aka ____ composed of _____ *posterior pituitary aka _____ part of ___ |
*Hypophysis
*Adenohypophysis, glandular tissue *Neurohypophysis, the brain |
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Hypophyseal portal system
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Portal veins that shunts blood carrying regulatory hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary before blood returns to the heart
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Posterior Pituitary Hormones
*made in ____ *posterior pituitary functions to __ |
*hypothalamus
*store and secrete hormones |
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Posterior Pituitary Hormones
(2) |
*Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin)
Initiates water reabsorption during dehydration (fasting) Increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction Hypersecretion causes edema Hyposecretion causes Diabetes Insipidus *Oxytocin Induces smooth muscle contraction in reproductive organs Uterine contractions and milk ejection |
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Anterior Pituitary Hormones
(7) |
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth Hormone (GH) Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) |
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1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) 4. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 5. Prolactin (PRL) 6. Growth Hormone (GH) 7. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) |
1. act on the gonads
2. act on gonads 3. acts on adrenal cortex 4. acts on the thyroid 5. acts on mammary glands and testes 6. acts on all body tissue, especially bone, muscle, adipose, connective 7. acts on melanocytes in the epidermins |
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Pituitary Dwarfism
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hypersecretion of GH in children
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Pituitary Giantism
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hypersecretion of GH during childhood
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acromegaly
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hypersecretion of GH during adulthood (after the epiphyseal plates have closed)
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*pineal gland = ___
*produces ___ |
small, pine-cone shaped structure at end of short talk on roof of diencephalon.
*melatonin (helps regulate circadian rhythm) |
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thyroid gland
*___ shape *inferior to ____ *___ pure endocrine gland *produces ____ and ____ |
*butterfly
*larynx *largest *thyroid hormone - increases metabolic rate *calcitonin - lowers blood calcium level, decreases osteoclast and increases osteoblast activity |
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endemin goiter
*dietary ____ deficieny |
*IODINE
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hyperthyroidism
*_____ production *Grave's Disease ___ *2 effects? |
*Excessive TH production
*loss of thyroid feedback control *exophthalmos, tachycardia |
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hypothyroidism
*___ production of __ *5 effects |
*decreased, TH
*fatigue, weakness, dry skin, weight gain, reduced libido |
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Parathyroid Glands
*lie on ____ surface of ___ *produce _____ |
*posterior surface, thyroid gland
*parathyroid hormone (PTH) -increase blood calcium, increase osteoclast activity, decrease osteoblast activity |
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What are the 2 antagonistic hormones
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PTH and calcitonin
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THYMUS
*location *___ and ___ after puberty *produces ___ and ____ *these hormones stimulate ____, ____, and ____ of ____ |
**lower neck and mediastinum
*yellows, atrophies *thymopoietin, thymosins *differentiation, growth, maturation, maturation of T-lymphocytes |
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Adrenal Glands aka ____
*primary organs on ____ *adrenal cortex produces ___ and ___ *adrenal medulla produces ___ and ____ |
SUPRARENAL
*kidney surface *aldosterone (water retention) and cortisol (helps body deal with stressful *epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (ENCHANCE FIGHT OR FLIGHT!) |
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Corticosteroids
*___ hormones from the ___ *act on ___ by ____ *inhibit ___, side effect of Corticosteroids is _____ *they are used to treat ___ *they should not be used ___ due to ___ |
*steroid, adrenal cortex
*immune system, blocking inflammation *white blood cells, increased susceptibility to infection *inflammation disease (theumatoid arthritis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease) *for long periods of time, Cushing's diease-like effects |
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Cushing's Syndrome
*____ of _____ *symptoms (5) |
*hypersecretion of cortisol
*re-distributed body obesity "moon face" buffalo hump kidney stones skin becomes fragile and thin |
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Addison Disease
*____secretion of ____ and sometimes ___ *4 symptoms |
*hyposecretion of cortisol; aldosterone
*weight loss general fatigue hypotension (low blood pressure) skin darkening |
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Pancreas
*location in ____ wall of ____ *pancreatic ___ aka ___ of ___ *produces ___ and ___ |
*posterior; abdominal cavity
*islets; islets of langerhans *glucagon; insulin |
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glucagon
*secreted by ___ *___ breakdown in ___ *___ blood glucose levels |
*alpha cells
*glycogen; liver cells *increases |
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Insulin
*secreted by ___ *signals body cells to ___ *___ blood glucose |
*beta cells
*take up glucose *decreases |
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Diabetes Mellitus
*___ secretion of ___ or ___ of body cells to effects of ___ |
*insufficient; insulin or resistance; insulin
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Type I Diabetes
4 Characteristics *___ *___ production of ____ *insulin ___ *develops ____ |
*autoimmune
*absent or diminished production and release of insulin by the pancreatic islet cells *insulin dependent *develops suddenly |
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Type II
*___ insulin ___ or ___ insulin ___ *insulin ___ *develops more ___ |
*Decreased insulin release or decreased insulin effectiveness
*“Insulin independent” *Develops more slowly |
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Gestational Diabetes
*Diabetes that develops during ___ *___chance of development of ___ |
*pregnancy
*20-50%; maternal Type II later in life |
