Anatomy Lecture 10

Front 1

Functions of the Vertebral Column

Back 1

posture
support skull, ribs, and lower limbs (indirectly)
place of strong muscle attachment
involved in locomotion

Front 2

components of vertebral column and there numbers

Back 2

Cervical vertebrae 7
Thoracic vertebrae 12
Lumbar vertebrae 5
Sacral vertebrae 5 fused

Front 3

in what kind of configuration do some cervical vertebrae split into 2 projections at the end?

Back 3

Bifid spinous process

Front 4

important blood vessels in the cervical vertebrae are housed in the :

Back 4

left and right vertebral foramina

Front 5

the first vertebrae we can palpate and its name:

Back 5

C7
Vertebral Prominence

Front 6

parts a the thoracic vertebrae that are for articulating with the ribs

Back 6

costal facets

Front 7

the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae point very ______ and overlap like _____.

Back 7

inferior
shingles

Front 8

why do lumbar vertebral have large vertebral bodies?

Back 8

they carry a lot of weight.

Front 9

Lumbar vertebrae have __(size)___ transverse foramina

Back 9

large

Front 10

because the sacral vertebrae are fused there are noticeable;e _________ and __________ aspects

Back 10

posterior
anterior

Front 11

sacral foramina represent nothing more than the:

Back 11

foramen in the rest of the vertebral column

Front 12

anterior sacral foramen have ventral rami going to:

Back 12

the anterior body wall and the limbs

Front 13

posterior sacral foramen have dorsal rami going to

Back 13

the mid-line of the back

Front 14

where do most problems in the vertebral column happen?

Back 14

Cervical region because of lots of motion.
Lumbar vertebrae because of lots of weight.

Front 15

how many cervical spinal nerves are there? why?

Back 15

8 cervical spinal nerves (even though only 7 cervical vertebrae) because the 12t nerve comes out above the atlas. Below C7 is cervical spinal nerve 8.

Front 16

Spinal nerves of the vertebral column are named for:

Back 16

the vertebrae above them.

Front 17

the ribs articulate with the transverse process of the body of the thoracic vertebrae. what type of joints are these?

Back 17

synovial

Front 18

why does the lumbar vertebrae have a prominent transverse process?

Back 18

because a large number of muscles articulate here

Front 19

what are the 4 articulations of the vertebral column?

Back 19

Flexion (lean forward)
Extension (lean backwards)
Lateral Flexion (to either side)
Rotation

Front 20

what is the Superior Articulating Process?

Back 20

its where the top of the vertebrae articulates with the bottom of the vertebrae above. this forms 4 facet joints.

Front 21

what is a facet joint?

Back 21

a gliding synovial joint formed from a superior articulating process. Every vertebrae has 4 of these (2 superior, 2 inferior)

Front 22

What type of articulation is the intervertibral discs articulation?

Back 22

cartilaginous slightly movable

Front 23

what is the Atlanto-Occipital articulation?

Back 23

where C1 articulates with the Skull.
there are 2 of these (L and R).
both are biaxial, synovial joints.
can only nod L to R ("yes" joint).

Front 24

what is the Atlanto-Axial articulation?

Back 24

where C1 and C2 articulate.
the Dens projects into C1.
uniaxial, synovial joint (rotation is the only movement).
"No" joint.

Front 25

what is the Sacroiliac articulation?

Back 25

where sacrum joins ilium.
fused in adults... Synovial, nonaxial planar gliding joint in young people.
functions as a weight transfer from vertebral column to femur.

Front 26

Check Ligament

Back 26

holds the dens in place and prevents head from rotating all the way around.

Front 27

what is the development of the shape of the vertebral column?

Back 27

Starts out like a "C" at birth. Forms cervical curve at 3 to 6 months as baby starts to hold head up. Lumbar curve develops when starting to walk upright.

Front 28

what are the benefits of a curved vertebral column?

Back 28

it is more flexible and allows for locomotion.
the thoracic and sacral curve allow room for the abdominal and pelvic viscera.

Front 29

Scoliosis

Back 29

curved spine.
prominent in girls.
can cause heart failure by squeezing heart and lungs.

Front 30

Kyphosis

Back 30

Spine bent backward.
typically an increased thoracic curvature (humped upper back).
Prominent in elderly women.
aka "dowagers hump".
caused by anterior aspect of vertebrae collapsing.
painful, can pinch nerve.

Front 31

Lordosis

Back 31

Pulls lumbar curve out.
beer gut can cause this.
this is why fat people have back problems.

Front 32

Name the 5 ligaments that hold the vertebral column together.

Back 32

posterior longitudinal ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament
ligamenta flava (yellow ligament)
interspinal ligament
supraspinal ligament

Front 33

what is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Back 33

continuous from sacrum to skull.
on posterior aspect of vertebral bodies.
anterior to spinal cord in the intervertibral canal.
limits flexion of vertebral column.
helps support posterior aspect of vertebral discs.

Front 34

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Back 34

continuous from sacrum to skull.
anterior aspect of vertebral bodies.
its a wide ligament.
limits extension of vertebral body.
primary ligament injured in whip lash.

Front 35

what is the Ligamenta Flava?

Back 35

runs between the adjacent Lamina.
not continuous.
helps form roof of the vertebral canal.
limits lateral flexion.

Front 36

what is the interspinal ligament?

Back 36

not continuous
ties column together
gives column stability

Front 37

what is the supraspinal ligament?

Back 37

continuous.
it gets very broad in the cervical region.
in cervical region it is named the "Nuchal Ligament".

Front 38

what is the Nuchal Ligament?

Back 38

its the part of the supraspinal ligament in the cervical region.
it holds our head up.
it's broad and is the reason that we can't feel C1-C6 in our backs.

Front 39

describe the intervertibral discs. what type of joint are they?

Back 39

slightly movable cartilaginous joint.
they are circular and composed of cartilaginous rings called "Anulas Fibroses".
Very strong.
get squeezed as we stand/age... therefore we get shorter.
Anulas Fibroses surroung the "Nucleus Pulposus".

Front 40

what is an Anulas Fibroses?

Back 40

the rings that make up the outer portion of an intervertibral disc.

Front 41

what is a Nucleus Pulposus?

Back 41

the jelly like center of an intervertibral disc.

Front 42

what is a herniated (ruptured) disc?

Back 42

when the Nucleus Pulposus breaks through the Anulas Fibroses.

Front 43

where is a herniated disc most common?

Back 43

in the cervical region because of high movement and the lumbar region (L4-L5) because of high weight.

Front 44

which spinal nerve does a herniated disc effect?

Back 44

the next lowest nerve. (ex. L4-L5 herniation effects L5 spinal nerve)

Front 45

are disc problems are most often unilateral or bilateral?

Back 45

Unilateral. injury tends to be on one side and person will lean away from the injury.

Front 46

Where is a disc the weakest? why?

Back 46

the disc is weakest posterior because the posterior longitudinal ligament is so small compared to the anterior longitudinal ligament.