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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Muscular System
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system composed of all muscles of the body & concerned with movements of total body and within body
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Contractility
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ability of muscle to shorten/contract
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Extensibility
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ability of muscle to extend/stretch
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Elasticity
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ability of muscle to return to original state after being stretched
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Irritability
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susceptibility of muscle to react to stimuli
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Tonus
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state where muscle is partially contracted, allowing it to react instantly when stimulated
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2 classes of muscles based on nervous control
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1. involuntary
2. voluntary |
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Muscle not subject to control of the will
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Involuntary
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2 types of involuntary muscle
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1. cardiac
2. smooth |
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Muscle subject to control of the will
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voluntary
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What type of muscle is voluntary
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skeletal
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Where is smooth muscle located?
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walls of internal organs (viscera) and blood vessels
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Are smooth muscles striated?
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no
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Describe the structure of smooth muscle
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1. long thick spindles in the center
2. pointed at the ends |
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How many nucleus per smooth muscle cell?
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1
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Muscle that can be circularly arranged and when contracted can obliterate cavity/lumen of organ
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smooth muscle
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Where is cardiac muscle located
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heart
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Is cardiac muscle striated?
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yes
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how many nucleus per cardiac muscle cell?
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1
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What type of muscle is composed of very long cells up to 4 cm in length?
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skeletal muscle
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Which type of muscle cell is multinucleated and why?
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skeletal muscle because they are very long and need more than one nucleus to carry out functions
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What are skeletal muscles attached to and what causes movement?
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attached to skeleton, contraction causes movement
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Sarco?
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muscle
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sarcolemma?
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cell membrane
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sarcoplasm
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cytoplasm of muscle
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How many types of myofilament found within myofibril? what are they? how are they arranged
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2: actin, mysoin
-arranged in alternating light and dark bands |
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What is fascia
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connective tissue layer located surrounding the muscles and between adjacent muscles
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2 Functions of the fascia
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permits gliding of muscles, provides pathways for vessels and nerves
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What 5 ways can muscles be named
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1. function: flexor digitorum
2. Shape: rhomboid minor 3. location: tibialis anterior 4. number of heads of origin: biceps brachii 5. structure: external oblique |
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Origin
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non-movable point of attachment
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Insertion
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moveable point of attachment
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Action
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movement a particular muscle produces
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Innervation
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nerve supply to muscle
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7 Muscle attachments
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1. bone
2. cartilage 3. skin 4. fascia 5. tendons (MTB) 6. aponeurosis (flattened tendon) 7. Ligaments |
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2 types of nerve fibers sk muscles are innervated by
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1. sensory/afferent-toward CNS
2. motor/efferent-away from CNS |
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4 functional classifications of muscles
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1. prime mover
2. antagonist 3. synergist 4. fixator |
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prime mover
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muscle that directly produces desired movement (DO)
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antagonist mucles
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muscle that produces movement opposite to that of the prime mover (UNDO)
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synergist muscle
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muscle that adds a little extra force to help the prime mover (HELPER) 1+1=3
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fixator muscle
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muscle that maintains body position while a part is moving (HELPER)
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What 4 elements are required in a lever system?
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1. applied force
2. load 3. lever 4. fulcrum |
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What serves as the applied force?
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muscle
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What serves as the lever?
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bone
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What serves as the load?
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part of body moved
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what serves as the fulcrum?
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joint
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1st class lever & ex.
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L F E
ex: head |
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2nd class lever & ex.
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F L E
ex: wheel barrow/calf lift |
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3rd class lever & ex.
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L E F
ex: bicep curl |
