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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systematic anatomy
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Anatomy according to the major body systems, collections of organs preforming related functions
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Regional anatomy
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anatomy according to the natural subdivisions of the body
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Natural subdivisions of the body
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1. head and neck
2. thorax (chest) 3. abdomen 4. pelvis 5. back 6. upper limb extremity-pectoral, arm, forearm, hand 7. lower extremity- gluteal, thigh, leg, foot |
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Criteria for anatomical position
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1. body longitudinal: stand up or lay down
2. upper limbs at side 3. eyes directed forward 4. palms directed forward 5. toes directed forward |
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Median or Midsagittal Plane
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Only one vertical plane that passes thru the body dividing it into equal left and right halfs
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Sagittal Plane
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any infinite number of vertical planes that divides the body dividing into unequal right and left parts
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Frontal or Coronal Plane
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any infinite number of vertical planes that divides the body into front and back parts
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Transverse or Horizontal Plane
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any infinite number of planes at a right angle dividing the body into upper and lower parts
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Medial
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nearer to the median plane
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Lateral
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farther away from the median plane
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Anterior or Ventral
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nearer to the front
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Posterior or Dorsal
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nearer to the back
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Superior or Cephalic
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nearer to the head end
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Inferior or Caudal
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nearer to the tail end
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Proximal
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nearer to the attached end of a limb
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Distal
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farther away from attached end of a limb
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Internal
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nearer to the center of the organ or cavity
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External
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farther away from the center of the organ or cavity
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Superficial
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nearer to the surface of the body
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Deep
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farther away from the surface of the body
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Condyle
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knob on bone
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Epicondyle
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on or above the knob
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Foramen
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hole thru bone, pl foramena
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Fossa
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Shallow depression
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Tubercle
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bump on bone
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Tuberosity
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bump on bone
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Meatus
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Canal, large cavornous
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Facet
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site or articulation, flat smooth surface where two bones come together
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Crest
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ridge on bone
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Fissure
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deep depressions
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Ramus
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branch of bone where two bones meet
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Process
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projection or outgrowth of bone
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Spine
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thorn like projection
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Sulcus
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depression
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gliding movement of synovial joints
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slight slipping of one bone over another, little actual movement
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Angular Movement
Flexion |
bending of a joint so that the angle becomes more acute
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Angular Movement
Extension |
straightening of a flexed joint
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Angular Movement
Abduction |
movement of frontal plane away from median plane or body
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Angular Movement
Adduction |
movement in a frontal plane toward the median plane or body
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Angular Movement
Circumduction |
Combination of all for angular movements, circular
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Rotation
Medial |
anterior aspect of the limb rotates medially or inward
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Lateral Rotation
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anterior aspect of the limb rotates laterally or outward
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Pronation
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medial rotation of the forearm, out of anatomical position
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Supination
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lateral rotation of the foreman, like carrying a bowl of soup
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Limitation of Movement
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1. shape of articulating surfaces
2. ligaments and capsule at the joint 3. muscles that act on joint |
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Muscle Origin
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nonmovable point of attachment for that muscle
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Muscle Insertion
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movable point of attachment for that muscle
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Action
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movement preformed when muscle contracts ( insertion moves towards origin)
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Innervation
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nerve that supplies the muscle, causing it to contract when stimulated
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