Anatomy Lab Extremeties

Front 1

Deltoid

Back 1

If all 3 heads are flexed, you will get abduction.

Anterior- flexion and internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder
Middle- abduction of arm at shoulder
Posterior- extension and hyperextension and external rotation of the arm at the shoulder

Front 2

Pectoralis major

Back 2

All 3 heads give internal rotation of arm at shoulder.

Clavicular Head- flexion of arm at shoulder
Sternal Head- Horizontal adduction of arm at shoulder (chest fly)
Abdominal Head- flexion of arm at shoulder from a hyperextended position

Front 3

Latissimus dorsi

Back 3

Comes from the lower back and attaches to anterior of humerus.

Internal rotation, adduction, and extension of arm at shoulder.

Front 4

Teres major

Back 4

Smaller and above latissimus dorsi (at the armpit), but same attachment and relative position so same function.
Internal rotation, adduction, and extension of arm at shoulder.

Front 5

Teres minor

Back 5

A rotator cuff muscle.Attached to lateral border of scapula and posterior humerus. Looks like a little bump below infraspinatus by the armpit.

Extension, adduction, and external rotation of arm at shoulder.

Front 6

Rules for muscle function in shoulder.

Back 6

If the attachment point to humerus is below the other attachment point, it will lift the arm up. If it is above, the arm will go down. If it is level, the arm will move only medial or lateral.

If attached to the anterior humerus, internal rotation. If posterior, external rotation.

Front 7

Supraspinatus

Back 7

A rotator cuff muscle. On the posterior of scapula above the spine.

Abduction of arm at shoulder, but only works for the first 15-20 degrees. The rest is done by the superior head of trapezius.

Front 8

Infraspinatus

Back 8

A rotator cuff muscle. On the posterior of scapula under the spine. Attaches to posterior of humerus.

External rotation of arm at shoulder.

Front 9

Subscapularis

Back 9

A rotator cuff muscle. Anterior to scapula. Attaches to anterior of humerus.

Internal rotation of arm at shoulder.

Front 10

Biceps brachii

Back 10

Short head is more medial and attaches to the corocoid process of the scapula.

Flexion of the arm at the shoulder. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow only when wrist is supinated.

Front 11

Coracobrachialis

Back 11

Underneath biceps brachialis and only goes a third of the way down the humerus. Shares a proximal attachment with short head of biceps.

Flexion and horizontal adduction of arm at shoulder and forearm at elbow.

Front 12

Triceps brachii

Back 12

Translates to "three heads" All do extension of forearm at elbow, but only the long head can do extension and hyperextension of the arm at the shoulder because it's origin is in the scapula and not the humerus.

Long- biggest head, can put finger around it.
Lateral- Anterior to long head
Medial- in between and deep to long and lateral heads

Front 13

Brachialis

Back 13

Flat muscle below biceps.

The main muscle moving the forearm. Can produce flexion of the forearm at the elbow at all wrist positions.

Front 14

Anconeus

Back 14

Small triangular muscle on posterior elbow.

Extension of the forearm at the elbow.

Front 15

Brachioradialis

Back 15

Only muscle in anterior forearm that has an origin in the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The radial artery and nerve emerge under this muscle.

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow. Best when wrist is in a semiprone position.

Front 16

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 16

Flexion of forearm at elbow and hand at wrist. Radial deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 17

Pronator Terres

Back 17

Only non straight muscle in forearm.

Pronation and flexion of forearm at elbow.

Front 18

Palmaris longus

Back 18

The long thin muscle in the anterior forearm.

Tightens the flexor retinaculum and thus the palmar aponeurosis.

Front 19

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 19

Forms a flap on medial side of forearm. Ulnar artery, vein, and nerve emerge under it.

Flexion of forearm at elbow and hand at wrist. Ulnar deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 20

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Back 20

Flexion of forearm at elbow and hand at wrist. Flexion of digits 2-5 from the middle phalanges.

Front 21

Flexor digitorum profundus

Back 21

Deep to flexor digitorum superficialis. Flexion of hand at wrist and digits 2-5 from distal phalanges.

Front 22

Flexor pollicus longus

Back 22

Anterior forearm muscle. Flexion of hand at wrist and flexion of thumb.

Front 23

Pronator quadratus

Back 23

Pronation

Front 24

Extensor carpi radialis

Back 24

There is a longus and brevis. Brevis is bigger.

Extension of the forearm at the elbow, extension of hand at wrist. Radial deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 25

Extensor digitorum

Back 25

Extension of forearm at elbow, extension of hand at wrist, extension of digits.

Front 26

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 26

Extension of the forearm at the elbow, extension of hand at wrist. Ulnar deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 27

Extensor digiti minimi

Back 27

Thinnest muscle on supeficial posterior forearm.

Extension of pinky.

Front 28

Abductor pollicus longus

Back 28

Most lateral muscle in deep posterior forearm.

Abduction of thumb. Radial deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 29

Exensor pollicus longus

Back 29

Just medial to abductor pollicus longus.

Extension of thumb and radial deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 30

Name the muscles whose tendons comprise the snuff box (3).

Back 30

Abductor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus longus and brevis.

Front 31

Extensor pollicus brevis

Back 31

Just medial to longus.

Extension of thumb and radial deviation of hand at wrist.

Front 32

Extensor indicis

Back 32

Extension of digit 2 and hand at wrist.

Front 33

Palmaris brevis

Back 33

Thin muscle located over the hypothenar eminence and attached to the flexor retinaculum.

Same function as palmaris longus.

Front 34

Abductor pollicus brevis

Back 34

Most lateral palm muscle, located in the thenar eminence.

Abduction of thumb, which is essentially extension. Antagonist to flexor pollicus brevis.

Front 35

Flexor pollicus brevis

Back 35

Just medial to abductor pollicus in the thenar eminence.

Front 36

Abductor digiti minimi

Back 36

Most medial palm muscle. In the hypothenar eminence.

Abduction of the pinky.

Front 37

Flexor digiti minimi

Back 37

Just inside to abductor digiti minimi.

Flexion of pinky.

Front 38

Opponens

Back 38

Deep to thenar and hypothensar eminence muscles, but only visible in the thenar eminence.

Opposition.

Front 39

Adductor pollicus

Back 39

In between thumb and index finger.

Adduction of thumb.

Front 40

Supinator.

Back 40

Appears next to pronator teres when you pronate the arm.

Supinates.

Front 41

Describe the organization of the intrinsic muscles.

Back 41

Palmaris brevis is attached to the palmar aponeurosis.

Abductors always outside of flexors.

Hypothenar eminence- abductor and flexor digiti minimi

Thenar eminence- abductor and flexor pollicus brevis

Deep- opponens

Between thumb and index- adductor pollicus

Front 42

Bicipital Groove

Back 42

Groove on superior anterior side of humerus where many muscles attach.

Front 43

Greater trochanter

Back 43

Bump on top of femur that isn't like a round ball.

Front 44

Head of femur

Back 44

Ball on superior end of humerus.

Front 45

Linea Aspera

Back 45

Groove on posterior femur

Front 46

Olecranon

Back 46

Hook of ulna that attaches to humerus.

Front 47

Medial Malleolus

Back 47

Inferior bump on tibia

Front 48

Lateral Malleolus

Back 48

Inferior bump on fibula