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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ventral/ Anterior |
Towards front |
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Posterior/ Dorsal |
Towards Back |
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Superior |
Above
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Inferior |
Below |
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Medial |
Towards Midline |
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Lateral |
Toward the side, away from the medial |
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Proximal |
Closer to the point of attachment to trunk |
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Distal |
Away from the point of attachment to trunk |
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Superficial |
Closer to body surface |
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Deep |
Closer to Core |
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Saggital Plane |
Divides the body into left and right |
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Coronal/ Frontal Plane |
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
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Transverse Plane |
Divides the body into inferior and superior portions |
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Midsaggital Plane |
Equal left and right saggital plane |
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Parasagittal plane |
Anything unequal when dividing the body into left and right portions |
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What are the 6 criteria for standard anatomical position? |
1. Body is upright 2. Facing forward 3. Arms and legs straight 4. Palms facing forward 5. Feet flat on ground 6.Eyes open |
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Ocular Lens |
10X magnification |
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Objective Lens |
ranges from 40-100X |
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Condenser |
Controls amount of light that gets to the stage |
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Illuminator |
Source of light |
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Course Focus |
Use to focus when your first starting, makes larger changes |
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Fine focus |
Makes very small changes to focus |
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Scanning lens |
Lowest powered lens you can use on the microscope |
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Simple Squamous Epithelium |
single layered cells are flattened Location: Lungs, inside lining of heart and blood vessels, kindneys |
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
Single Layered Cube like Has tubules (Circles) Liver and kidney tubules Secretion and absorption |
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Stratified Squamos Epithelium |
Two numerous layers Flattened appearance Function: Abrasion resistance, protects against microbial and mitigates water loss Location: Oral cavity, epidermis, and vagina |
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Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
Columns Has the appearance of having more than one layer, but all of the cells are attached to the basement membrane Has hair like cilia on the superficial layer Function: Mucus secretion to trap particles and move them away from the lungs Location: Respiratory passage |
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Simple columnar epithelium |
One layer of cells Column like appearance All of the columns touch basement membranes Nuclei are usually lined up Function Secretion and Absorption Location: stomach, intestines, and uterine tubes |
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Transitional epithelium |
Numerous layers Appear cuboidal or tear drop shaped Have flattened appearance only when stretched Function: Allows stretch of organs Location: ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Connective tissue |
Type of tissue primarily made up of fibrous tissue and houses a small number of cells |
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Name the ventral body cavities. |
Thoracic cavity, Diaphragm, Abdominal Cavity, and Pelvic Cavity |
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Name the dorsal body cavities |
Cranial Cavity, Vertebral Canal |
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Name the parts of the thoracic Cavity |
Pleural cavity, mediastinum, pericardial cavity |
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Name the parts of the abdominopelvic cavity |
Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity |
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Nasal |
Nose |
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Cephalic |
Head |
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Oral |
Mouth |
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Acromial |
Shoulder |
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Axillary |
Armpit |
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Brachial |
Arm |
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Ante brachial |
Forearm |
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Carpal |
Wrist |
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Digital |
Finger |
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Manual |
Hand |
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Femoral |
Thigh |
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Crural |
Leg |
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Tarsal |
Ankle |
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Pedal |
Foot |
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Frontal |
Forehead |
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Orbital |
Eye area |
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Buccal |
Cheek |
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Mental |
Chin |
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Cervical |
Neck |
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Thoracic cavity |
Chest |
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Pleural Cavity |
Within the thoracic cavity on either side of the mediastinum |
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Pericardial |
In the thoracic cavity in the middle of chest |
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Mediastinum |
Lines the pericardial cavity within the thoracic cavity |
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Umbilical |
Belly button |
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Coxal |
Hip |
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Inguinal |
Area above pubic area |
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Patellar |
Front of knee |
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Digital |
Toe |
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Sacral |
Tailbone area |
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Cubital |
Elbow |
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Gluteal |
Butt |
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Back of hand |
Dorsum of hand |
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Popliteal |
Back of knee |
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Crural |
Leg |
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Calcanea |
Heel |
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Name the 9 regions of the Abdomen |
epigastric, Right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, umbilical, right lumbar, left lumbar, Right iliac, left iliac, and hypogastric |
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Hypochondriac regions of abdomen |
Bottom of ribs |
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Epigastric region |
Center of abdomen just below the sternum and above umbilical region, which is the center belly region |
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Hypogastric Region |
Lower region of the abdomen that contains intestines and is just above pubic area |
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Name the different connective tissues and their sub categories. |
Fibrous dense connective tissue -Irregular dense connective tissue -regular dense connective tissue -elastic connective tissue Fibrous loose connective tissue -Areolar connective tissue -Adipose connective tissue -Reticular connective tissue Cartilage Bone Blood |
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Name the different cartilages. |
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic Cartilage |
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What two things are unexpectedly connective tissue? |
Bone, blood |
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Dense regular connective tissue |
Arranged with fibers that are parallel and is found in tendons and ligaments Can easily be injured in force is perpendicular to the direction of plane |
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Dense irregular connective tissue |
Arranged with fibers that go in many different directions gives strength to deep tissues of skin and the white of eyes |
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Elastic connective tissue |
Looks similar to dense regular, but has elastin fibers within it Found in the walls of arteries of the vasculature of the body to enable stretching when the heart beats |
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Name the different Fibrous loos connective tissues |
Reticular Connective Tissue Areolar Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue |
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Reticular connective tissue |
Composed of networks of fibroblast with reticular fibers Found in soft organs and gives them an internal architecture |
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Areolar Connective Tissue |
Made up of large diameter collagen fibers, smaller elastic fibers, and thin long reticular fibers, and fibroblasts Covers organs and or serves as a layer when two tissues come together |
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Adipose Connective Tissue |
You can see empty vacuoles Fat Tissue- highly cellularized with fat cells called adipocytes which store lipids in vacuoles |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
i |
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What does epithelial tissue do? |
Lines and covers many parts of the body |
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Name the different Muscle tissues |
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac |
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What are the cells that make up skeletal tissues called? |
Fibers |
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Skeletal muscle tissue |
Have a striped or striated appearance from the arrangement of actin myosin, but is multinucleate (Many nuclei) Involuntary muscle tissue, helps to move and pump blood to the body |
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Cardiac muscle tissue |
Only found in the heart Appears striated, but is branched and uninucleate (single nucleus) , adjacent myocytes are connected together by intercalated discs Allows blood to be pumped from areas of the heart Involuntary muscle |
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What are the cells that make up cardiac muscle tissue called? |
Myocytes |
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Smooth Muscle Tissue |
Non striated in appearance, uninucleated( one nucleus), spindle shaped cells in appearance involuntary found in the intestine and facilitates the movement of food |
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uninucleated |
having a single nucleus |
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Nervous tissue |
Appear as large elongated or star shaped cells surrounded by smaller glial cells found in the brain, spinal chord, nerve cell bodies called ganglia, and peripheral nerves Made up of neuron cells, which are made up of dendrites, axon, and the soma Also made up of small supporting cells called glial cells ( they help provide structural support) Function: propagate electrical signals and transmit information, learning, and memory |
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Bone connective tissue |
Made up of circular regions called osteons, looks like a tree trunk Contains a central canal |
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Blood connective tissue |
Appears as a bunch of circular cells including red blood cells( erythrocytes), and white blood cells (leukocytes) , along with smaller platelets White space in between cells is blood plasma |
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Erythrocytes |
Red Blood cells |
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Leukocytes |
White blood cells |
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Platelets |
Small cellular fragments in blood connective tissue and help with blood coagulation |
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What is the function of simple epithelium tissues |
Secretion and Absortion |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
Pink stained matrix, chondrocytes exist in pairs giving the appearance of google eyes Found at the tip of nose,respiratory passages, at the end of many long bones most common in body, ribs, larynx, trachea Helps provide structure for the movement of air, along with helping bone cells invade and convert the tissue into bone |
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Fibro cartilage |
Abundant in wavy collagen fibers, cells are often in diagonal rows Located in vertebral discs, and pubic symphysis Protect against abrasion and physical stress |
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Elastic cartilage
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Contains elastin fiber around chondrocytes ( pair of cells) Located in the epiglottis and external ear Provides an elastic, and flexible structure |
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What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?Where is it located? |
Abrasion resistance, protection against microbial infections, and mitigates water loss Oral cavity, Vagina, epidermis |
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Describe the function and location of Transitional epithelium |
Allows for the stretching of tissue to accommodate urine storage Bladder |
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Describe the location and function of simple squamous epithelium |
Secretion of serous fluids, diffusion, smooth lining Lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, kidney tubule and kidney glomerulus |