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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gliding (Plane) Joints
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Nonaxial/Nonplanar
• Tarsometatarsal (Foot) • Intertarsal (Foot) • Proximal Tibiofibular • Sacroiliac Joint • Vertebral Facet Joints • Costovertebral • Costotransverse • Costosternal (2-5) • Acromioclavicular |
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Hinge Joints
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Uniaxial/Uniplanar
• Interphalangeal (Foot) • Subtalar (Foot) • Ankle • Knee (Bi-Condyloid) |
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Condyloid Joints
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Biaxial/Biplanar
• Metatarsophalangeal (Foot) |
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Syndesmosis
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Bones connected by collagen fibers
• Distal Tibiofibular Joint • Middle Tibiofibular Joint |
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Symphysis
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• Intervertebral Disc (no C1,C2)
• Pubic Symphysis |
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Synchondrosis
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Bones connected by hyaline cartilage
• Costosternal (1,6,7) |
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Ball & Socket Joints
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Triaxial/Triplanar
• Hip (Head of femur & acetabulum) • Sternoclavicular Joint • Glenohumeral Joint |
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Lateral Ankle Ligaments
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-Calcaneofibular Ligament
-Anterior Talofibular Ligament -Poster Talofibular Ligament -Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament - Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament |
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Medial Ankle Ligaments
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-Deltoid Ligament (4 bands):
Tibonavicular Anterior Tibiotalar Tibiocalcaneal Posterior Tibiotalar |
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Knee Ligaments
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-Coronary Ligament [Meniscus to articulating surface of tibia]
-Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) [medial side of femur to tibia] -Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) [lateral side of femur to fibula] -Lateral Retinaculum [lateral femoral condyle to tibial condyle] -Medial Retinaculum [connect vastus medialis to tibia] -Patellar Tendon [connects patella to tibial tuberosity] -Oblique Popliteal Ligament -Arcuate Popliteal Ligament -Posterior Cruciate Ligament -Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
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Hip Ligaments
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-Iliofemoral Ligament [strongest]
-Pubofemoral Ligament -Ischiofemoral Ligament |
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Pubic Bone Ligaments
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-Superior Pubic Ligament
-Arcuate Pubic Ligament |
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Sacroiliac Ligaments
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-Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
-Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament -Sacrotuberous Ligament [connect sacrum to ischial tuberosity] -Sacrospinous Ligament [connect sacrum to ischial spine] |
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Vertebral Column Ligaments
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-Supraspinous Ligament
-Intertransverse Ligament -Interspinous Ligament -Ligamentum Flava -Posterior Longitudinal Ligament -Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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What is the normal genu valgus angle for the knee?
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185 - 190 degrees
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What is an Unhappy Triad?
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A lateral blow to the knee can cause three things to tear:
1) Medial Collateral Ligament 2) Medial Meniscus 3) Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) |
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Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
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Arm Bones
Shoulder Girdle (Scapula, Clavicle) Leg Bones Pelvic Girdle |
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Bones of the Axial Skeleton
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Skull
Vertebral Column Thorax (Sternum & Ribs) |
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Bone Composition
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25% H2O
25% Organic Matrix 50% Inorganic Matrix |
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What do Osteoblasts do?
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They produce the ECM which consists of:
1) Collagen Fibers (give bone shape & resiliency) 2) GAGs |
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What do Osteoclasts do?
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They enable the bone to remodel w/ osteoblasts
-Derived from 5-50 monocytes -They secrete acids to break down inorganic matrix, and proteolytic enzymes to brake down organic matrix |
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Synovial Joints
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- Have joint capsule w/ synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid in membrane - External ligaments protect synovial membrane |
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Function of Synovial Fluid
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1) Decrease friction between joints
2) Help absorb compression stress 3) Provides nutrients and removes waste from the articular cartilage |
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What tarsal bone acts as a hinge joint?
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Talus (Subtalar Joint, to attach to calcaneus)
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What ligament is often sprained or ruptured in an inversion sprain?
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Calcaneofibular Ligament
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What two ligaments form the support for the syndesmosis of the Distal Tibiofibular Joint?
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Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament |
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What does the ACL do?
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The ACL helps prevent anterior slippage of tibia with respect to femur
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What does the PCL do?
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The PCL helps prevent anterior slippage of femur with respect to tibia
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What're the four movements of the hip joint and what planes do they move in?
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1) Flex/Extend --> Sagittal
2) Abduction/Adduction --> Frontal 3) Medial/Lateral Rotation --> Transverse 4) Horizontal Abducttion/Adduction --> Transverse |
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What is the strongest hip joint ligament?
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Iliofemoral Ligament
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When do the hip joint ligaments get tight?
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During hyperextension
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If you increase the torsion angle of the femur, what is that called and what does it cause?
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"Antiversion"
Pigeon-toed or Toed-In |
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If you decrease the torsion angle of the femur, what is that called and what does it cause?
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"Retroversion"
Toed-Out |
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In what angulation of the hip is a hip fracture most common?
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Coxa Vara
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What is the function of the Acetabular Labrum?
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It is a fibrocartilage rim that
-stabilizes the joint -deepens the socket |
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What is the blood supply to the femoral head?
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"Blood Supply to Femoral Head", is branched off from the obturator artery
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What is the fibrocartilage of the pubis capped in?
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Hyaline cartilage on the side touching the pubis
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What is the function of the sacrotuberous ligament?
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To prevent the anterior rotation of the sacrum
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What is the function of the sacrospinous ligament?
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To prevent anterior rotation of the sacrum
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What region of the vertebral column is excessively curved with lordosis?
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Cervical, lumbar
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What region of the vertebral column is excessively curved with kyphosis?
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Thoracic, sacral
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What is the function of the nucleus pulposus?
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~82% H2O, + GAGs, + Collagen fiber
It helps absorb compression stress |
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What is the Annulus Fibrosis?
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Rings of fibrocartilage around the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc
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What is the angle of collagen fibers in the intervertebral disc?
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60 degrees
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What are the two causes for blowing the intervertebral disc?
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1) Compression Stress
2) Excess motion |
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Which costosternal joints are true synchondroses?
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# 1, 6, & 7
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Numbers of costal facets on thoracic vertebra
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T1-9 ---> 3 pairs of costal facets
T10 ---> 2 pairs T11,12 ---> 1 pair |
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Ribs
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Ribs 1 - 7 = true ribs
Ribs 8, 9, 10 = false ribs Ribs 11, 12 = floating ribs |
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Sternoclavicular Ligaments
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-Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
-Interclavicular Ligament -Costoclavicular Ligament |
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Movements of the Shoulder Girdle?
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1) Adduction
2) Abduction 3) Elevation 4) Depression 5) Upward Rotation 6) Downward Rotation |
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Which vertebral column ligaments control flexion?
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Supraspinous Ligament
Interspinous Ligament Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Which vertebral column ligaments are continuous down the column?
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Supraspinous Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Which region of the vertebral column is most likely to rupture?
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Lumbar region
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