Anatomy- Joints Of Upper Limb

Front 1

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

Back 1

multiaxial ball and socket joint

Front 2

What fibrocartilage structure runs around the rim of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 2

glenoid labrum

Front 3

What movements can the shoulder joint make?

Back 3

1.flex, extend, adduct, and abduct (circumduct)
2. medial and lateral rotation

Front 4

Is the capsule around the shoulder joint loose or tight?

Back 4

loose

Front 5

What can happen if C5 and C6 are lesioned?

Back 5

The head of the humerus will only be held up by the shoulder capsule which can cause it to be pulled away from the glenoid cavity by 1cm

Front 6

Where does the capsule of the shoulder joint stretch?

Back 6

1.margin of glenoid cavity
2. anatomical neck of humerus superiorly
3. surgical neck of humerus inferiorly

Front 7

What happens to the inferior portion of the shoulder joint capsule when the arm is adducted?

Back 7

it folds

Front 8

What does the synovial membrane of the shoulder joint line?

Back 8

fibrous capsule

Front 9

What covers the articular heads of bone in the shoulder joint?

Back 9

hyaline cartilage

Front 10

What are the important ligaments of the shoulder joint?

Back 10

1.coracohumeral ligament
2. transverse humeral ligament
3. superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments (anterior side of capsul)

Front 11

What are the attachments of the coracohumeral ligament?

Back 11

1. lateral border of the coracoid process
2. anterior portion of the anatomical neck of the humerus

Front 12

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

Back 12

1. holds the humeral head in adducted position
2. prevents inferior dislocation
3. limits lateral rotation

Front 13

What makes up the locking mechanism to prevent inferior dislocation of the humerus?

Back 13

1. slope of glenoid fossa
2. tight upper part of joint capsule and coracohumeral ligament
3. supraspinatus activity

Front 14

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

Back 14

holds the long head of the biceps in the intertubercular groove

Front 15

What does the strength of the shoulder joint depend on?

Back 15

1.bony formation
2. ligaments (coracohumeral ligament)
3. muscles (rotator cuff/accessory dynamic ligaments): supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Front 16

What are the bursa of the shoulder joint?

Back 16

1. subscapular bursa
2. subacromial bursa
3. biceps synovial sheath in the intertubercular sulcus

Front 17

What prevents superior displacement of the humerus?

Back 17

coracoacromial arch
1.coracoid
2. coracoacromial ligament
3. acromion

Front 18

What levels of the spinal cord cause flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation?

Back 18

C5,6

Front 19

What movements do C5,6 spinal nerves control in the shoulder joint?

Back 19

1.flexion
2. abduction
3. lateral rotation

Front 20

What spinal nerve levels control extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus?

Back 20

C5,6,7,8,T1

Front 21

What movements do spinal nerve levels C5,6,7,8, T1 control?

Back 21

1.extension
2. adduction
3. medial rotation

Front 22

What would happen if there was a lesion to spinal nerve levels C5,6?

Back 22

tip-taking position (arm extension, medial rotation, and arm adduction)

Front 23

What are the sensory nerves to the shoulder joint?

Back 23

1.suprascapular
2. axillary
3. lateral pectoral nerves
4. posterior cord (C5,6)

Front 24

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Back 24

hinge joint

Front 25

Is the elbow joint capsule loose or tight and why?

Back 25

loose to allow for flexion and extension

Front 26

What prevents medial and lateral displacement of the elbow joint?

Back 26

collateral ligaments

Front 27

What parts of the distal humerus are involved in the elbow joint?

Back 27

1.trochlea and capitulum
2. coronoid fossa (ant.)
3. olecranon fossa (post.)

Front 28

What parts of the proximal ulna are involved in the elbow joint?

Back 28

1. coronoid process and radial notch (lat.)
2. olecranon process
3. trochlear notch

Front 29

What attaches to the coronoid process of the ulna?

Back 29

brachialis tendon

Front 30

The proximal head of the radius is what shape and what does it rotate on?

Back 30

1.disc shaped
2. rotates on capitulum

Front 31

What holds the radial head in the radial notch?

Back 31

annular ligament

Front 32

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

Back 32

1.radial collateral ligament (lateral)
2. ulnar collateral ligament (medial)

Front 33

Where does the radial collateral ligament attach?

Back 33

1.lateral epicondyle
2. side of the annular ligament

Front 34

What does the radial collateral ligament also serve as a partial origin for?

Back 34

supinator and extensor carpi radialis

Front 35

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament attach?

Back 35

1.medial epicondyle
2.medial margin of the trochlear notch
3. anterior fibers attach to coronoid process

Front 36

What do the anterior fibers of the ulnar collateral ligament serve as a partial origin for?

Back 36

flexor digitorum superficialis

Front 37

Where does the anterior fibrous capsule of the elbow joint extend both proximally and distally?

Back 37

1. extends proximally to the upper margins of the coronoid and radial fossae anteriorly
2. distally attaches to margins of the trochlear notch and annular ligament

Front 38

What exists between the fibrous capsule and the synovial capsule?

Back 38

synovial fat pads

Front 39

The synovial capsule droops below the lower margin of the annular ligament and attaches to the neck of the radius to allow for what?

Back 39

rotation of the head of the radius

Front 40

What forms the intermediate radioulnar joint between the radius and ulna?

Back 40

interosseous membrane

Front 41

The head of the ulna has a semicircular surface for what and a distal semilunar surface for what?

Back 41

1.ulnar notch of the radius
2. for the articular disc attached to the fovea

Front 42

What is the purpose of the articular disc attached distally to the ulna?

Back 42

separates the distal radioulnar joint from the radiocarpal joint

Front 43

What makes up the radiocarpal joint?

Back 43

1. inferior articular surface of the radius and articular disc
2. scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

Front 44

What are the ligaments of the radiocarpal joint?

Back 44

1.palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
2. radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

Front 45

What are the attachments of the palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments?

Back 45

1. from radius
2. to proximal carpals and capitate (ant. and post.)

Front 46

What are the attachments of the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments?

Back 46

1. from styloid processes
2. to scaphoid and triquetrum respectively

Front 47

Where is the midcarpal (transverse carpal) joint?

Back 47

between the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones

Front 48

What movement is performed at the midcarpal joint?

Back 48

flexion of the wrist is performed here

Front 49

What holds the carpal bones together?

Back 49

intercarpal ligaments (dorsal and palmar bands)

Front 50

What type of joint is between the trapezium and metacarpal 1?

Back 50

saddle joint

Front 51

Metacarpal 2 is wedged between what carpal bones?

Back 51

1.trapezium
2. trapezoid
3. capitate

Front 52

Metacarpal 3 articulates with what part of what carpal bone?

Back 52

distal surface of capitate

Front 53

What carpal bone articulates with metacarpals 4 and 5?

Back 53

hamate

Front 54

Besides articulating with the carpal bones and phalanges what else do the metacarpals articulate with?

Back 54

The sides of each other

Front 55

What movements can happen at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

Back 55

1.flexion and extension
2. abduction and adduction

Front 56

What happens to collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal ligaments on flexion and extension?

Back 56

they are taut on flexion and slack on extension

Front 57

When is the only time the metacarpophalangeal joints can adduct and abduct?

Back 57

When the joint is extended

Front 58

What serves dorsally in the metacarpophalangeal joints as ligaments?

Back 58

extensor expansions

Front 59

How are the palmar ligaments of the mcp joints formed?

Back 59

by a thickening of the capsule

Front 60

What unites the palmar ligaments of the mcp joints?

Back 60

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

Front 61

What is the purpose of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments?

Back 61

prevents the metacarpals from spreading

Front 62

What attaches to the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments anteriorly and posteriorly?

Back 62

1. anteriorly by the digital bands of the palmar aponeurosis
2. posteriorly by the slips from the extensor expansions

Front 63

The carpometacarpal joint allows for what movements?

Back 63

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and some rotation

Front 64

What kind of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

Back 64

hinge joints