Anatomy - Inguinal Region

Front 1

the inferior margin of the aponeurosis of the external oblique extends from where to where? What is the destiny of this interior margin?

Back 1

from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle; it folds under upon itself and thickens to create the inguinal ligament

Front 2

what is the name for the canal through which the testis must pass when descending into the scrotum in the foetus?

Back 2

inguinal canal

Front 3

which portion of the inguinal canal does the inguinal ligament form?

Back 3

the inferior aspect

Front 4

what is responsible for forming the superior aspect of the inguinal canal? What is the name of this aspect?

Back 4

aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis; conjoint ligaments (aka falx inguinalis)

Front 5

what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal? The posterior wall?

Back 5

external oblique aponeurosis; transversalis fascia

Front 6

what is the deep inguinal ring?

Back 6

internal opening of the inguinal canal through the transversalis fascia

Front 7

what is the superficial inguinal ring?

Back 7

external opening through the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Front 8

in males, which structure lies in the inguinal canal? In females?

Back 8

spermatic cord; ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Front 9

what are hernias?

Back 9

protrusions of structures through tissues that normally contain them

Front 10

where are the 3 most common hernias in the abdominal wall?

Back 10

1) in the umbilical region, through poorly-healed surgical incisions, and in the inguinal region

Front 11

what must be present in a hernia?

Back 11

a protrusion of the parietal peritoneum forming a sac which may or may not contain some intra-abdominal viscera

Front 12

what are the two categories of the inguinal hernias? What differentiates the two?

Back 12

direct and indirect; whether they originate medial or lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Front 13

through where do direct inguinal hernias pass? Indirect inguinal hernias?

Back 13

through the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle; through the internal ring and therefore reside within the spermatic cord coverings

Front 14

what bring the testis blood supply, nerves, lymphatics, and the vans deferens?

Back 14

spermatic cord

Front 15

which layers of the abdominal wall form the coverings of the spermatic cord?

Back 15

external oblique, internal oblique, transversalis fascia

Front 16

what is the name for the external oblique aponeurosis when it passes in the spermatic cord?

Back 16

external spermatic fascia

Front 17

what is the name for the internal oblique muscle and its fascia when it passes in the spermatic cord?

Back 17

cremasteric muscle and cremasteric fascia

Front 18

what is the name for the transversalis fascia when it passes in the spermatic cord?

Back 18

internal spermatic fascia

Front 19

what are the major structures within the spermatic cord?

Back 19

vas (ductus) deferens, testicular artery, artery of the vas deferens, pampiniform plexus of veins, and the processus vaginalis at its center as well as nerves and lymphatics

Front 20

what does the processus vaginalis in the spermatic cord represent?

Back 20

obliterated peritoneum

Front 21

what is the role of the pampiniform plexus of veins surrounding the testicular artery?

Back 21

countercurrent thermo-regulatory function

Front 22

by what is the testis covered?

Back 22

tunica albuginea

Front 23

what is produced in the testis?

Back 23

spermatozoa and certain male hormones (e.g. testosterone)

Front 24

by what is the testis surrounded on its anterior and lateral aspects?

Back 24

parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis

Front 25

what is the structure located on the posterior surface of the testis? What drains into this structure?

Back 25

epididymis; seminferous tubules

Front 26

which structure of the abdomen is responsible for transporting the spermatazoa to the vas deferens?

Back 26

epididymis

Front 27

which features of the testis are essential to maintain the lower ambient temperature required for sperm production?

Back 27

external location and countercurrent cooling mechanism of the pampiniform plexus

Front 28

from where does the blood and lymphatic supply to the testis originate? Why is this so?

Back 28

in the retroperitoneal area near the kidneys; they originate in the retroperitoneal area in the embryo.

Front 29

from which part of the embryo is the peritoneum derived?

Back 29

intraembryonic coelom

Front 30

what is contained in the peritoneal cavity?

Back 30

nothing -- it is a potential space

Front 31

what is the name for the peritoneum which is up against the organs of the abdomen?

Back 31

visceral peritoneum

Front 32

which layer of peritoneum lies superficial to the visceral peritoneum?

Back 32

parietal peritoneum

Front 33

what is the name used for organs which do not invaginate into the peritoneal cavity?

Back 33

retroperitoneal

Front 34

what is the term used for two layers of peritoneum with the vessels and nerves in between?

Back 34

dorsal mesentery

Front 35

in places, the mesentery will flatten back down against the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity and fuse there. What is the term used to describe the organ at this point?

Back 35

secondarily retroperitoneal

Front 36

the inguinal region lies at the intersection of which two structures?

Back 36

lower abdomen and medial thigh

Front 37

which 3 layers, in order from deep to superficial, do the testis encounter as they descend from the abdomen?

Back 37

transversalis fascia, internal oblique, external oblique

Front 38

why does the spermatic cord not include part of the transversalis abdominis muscle?

Back 38

it pushed out 1/2 way down the inguinal ligament and the transversalis abdominis inserts on the lateral 1/3 of the ligament and thus misses the cord

Front 39

does the superficial inguinal ring lie superior or inferior to the inguinal ligament? The femoral ring?

Back 39

superior; inferior

Front 40

does the deep inguinal ring lie medial or lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Back 40

LATERAL

Front 41

what are the 3 borders of the inguinal triangle?

Back 41

lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle, the inferior epigastric vessels and the inguinal ligament

Front 42

from medial to lateral ,which 3 abdominal structures produced the umbilical folds?

Back 42

the urachus (median fold), the obliterated umbilical artery (medial fold) and the inferior epigastric vessels (lateral fold)

Front 43

is the superficial inguinal ring anterior or posterior to the inguinal triangle?

Back 43

anterior

Front 44

which muscle corrugates scrotal skin thus increasing or decreasing surface area for heat loss? Which muscle elevates or lowers the testis?

Back 44

dartos; cremasteric muscle

Front 45

to which nodes do testis drain? Scrotum?

Back 45

para-aortic nodes; inguinal nodes

Front 46

is the descent of the testes anterior or posterior to the peritoneal cavity and the processsus vaginalis?

Back 46

posterior

Front 47

what is the name for an abnormal fluid collection between the visceral tunica vaginalis and the parietal tunica vaginalis?

Back 47

hydrocoele

Front 48

what are 2 examples of retroperitoneal structures in the abdomen?

Back 48

descending aorta, kidneys