Anatomy Iii, 2

Front 1

How many facial bones are there?

Back 1

14 facial bones

Front 2

Vertebral artery joins to form this, which then divides into these:

Back 2

Vertebral artery joins to form Basilar artery, which branches to form Posterior Cerebral Artery.

Front 3

Internal carotid artery branches into these:

Back 3

ICA branches into the bigger Middel Cerebral Artery and the smaller Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 4

What forms the circle of Willis:

Back 4

On each side: ACA,Posterior communicating artery, PCA; On the front: anterior communication artery

Front 5

Muscles off of styloid process:

Back 5

Stylohyoid (CN VII), stylopharyngeus (CN IX), styloglossus (CN XII)

Front 6

Constrictor muscle innervation:

Back 6

Constrictors are innervated by the Vagus X

Front 7

Cricothyroid innervation:

Back 7

Cricothyroid is innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal (CN X)

Front 8

What nerves pass through Jugular foramen? What's actually a spinal nerve?

Back 8

CN IX, CN X, CN XI all pass through Jugular Foramen, CN XI is actually a spinal nerve

Front 9

What artery and nerves cross the Foramen Lacerum?

Back 9

Internal carotid, greater and lesser petrossal nerves.

Front 10

Nerves that cross Cavernous sinus include:

Back 10

CN III, CN IV, CN VI (medial), CN V1, CN V2

Front 11

What's medial to the pterion? Jolt to pterion may causes what?

Back 11

The middle meningeal artery is medial to pterion. A jalt may cause epidural or extradural hematoma.

Front 12

Berry Aneurysm common sites, and consequences:

Back 12

Berry Aneurysm commonly occurs at anterior Circle of Willis; can result in subarachnoid hematoma or oculomotor nerve compression.

Front 13

4 layers of meninges, what doesn't divide the hemisphere? Where is CSF?

Back 13

Periosteal meninges, inner meningeal layer (contiguous with spinal dura), arachonoid layer, pia mater; Periosteal doesn't divide the hemisphere. CSF is between arachonoid and pia.

Front 14

Meningeal Dura innervation:

Back 14

Most dura is innervated by meningeal branches of 3 branches of trigeminal; posterior is by first 3 cervical nerves and CN X.

Front 15

What's dural venous sinuses made of? Between what layers do cerebral veins run?

Back 15

Dural venous sinues are made of endothelial cells (lacking smooth muscle or valves); veins run in both subdural and subarachnoid space.

Front 16

Break in cerebral vein may cause what?

Back 16

Break of cerebral vein may cause subdural hematoma.

Front 17

Sinus pattern in the back of skull:

Back 17

Confluence of sinuses are made of: saggital sinus, occipital sinus, Transverse sigus and striaght sinus; Striagh sinus is formed by Great cerebral vein of Galen and inf sagital sinus. All exit via transverse to sigmoidal sinus, which drains thru Jugular foramen at Int Jugular.

Front 18

Cavernous sinus receives blood from these and drains into these?

Back 18

Cavernous sinus receives blood from sup/inf ophthalmic vein and sphenoparietal sinus & other cerebral veins; drains into sup/inf petrosal sinuses

Front 19

Arachnoid granulation, location and function:

Back 19

Arachnoid granulations are subarachnoid protrusions in sinues; they allow CSF to be filtered from subarachnoid space into the sinues.

Front 20

Thrombosis of cavernous sinus: cause, symptoms and other potential consequences:

Back 20

Thrombosis of cavernous sinus maybe caused by infection introduced through sup/inf ophthalmic veins; initially abdence may be lesioned (internal strabismus); then all ocular movements maybe lost, infection can be spread to other sinuses.

Front 21

What structures transmit thru jugular foramen (3 nerves and 2 sinues)

Back 21

CN IX, CN X, CN XI; Inf petrosal sinus, Sigmoid sinus to int jugular vein;

Front 22

Face and scalp: sensory innervation, arterial supply, venous supply?

Back 22

Face and Scalp: sensory by trigeminal; arteries:external carotid & ophthalmic arteries; veins: facial and retromandibular veins

Front 23

Tumor in the parotid may have this symptom:

Back 23

Tumor in parotid may cause facial nerve lesion to give problematic facial expression.

Front 24

Parotid gland innervation:

Back 24

Parotid is innervated by CN IX preganglionic (lesser petrosal) and from otic ganglion post ganglionic.

Front 25

What sinuses drains into the superior meatus?

Back 25

The posterior ethmoid cells drains into the superior meatus.

Front 26

What drains into the middle meatus?

Back 26

Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, anterior and middle ethmoid cells drains into the middle meatus.

Front 27

What drains into the inferior meatus?

Back 27

The nasolacrimal duct drains into the inferior meatus.

Front 28

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drains into?

Back 28

The sphenoid sinus drains into sphenoethmoidal recess.

Front 29

What SENSORY nerves innervate the mucosa of nasal cavity?

Back 29

The olfactory CN I, the trigemina V1 (small part of lateral) and V2 (lateral).

Front 30

What is the innervation for nasal mucous gland? What provide the blood supply to nasal cavity?

Back 30

The facial nerve (CN VII) parasympatheticlly innervates the nasal glands. Maxillary, ophthalmic and facil arteries supply the nasal cavity and form the Kiesselbach's plexus.

Front 31

Where is CN I and what does it synapse with? What's the consequence of damage in the adjacent area:

Back 31

CN I is in the mucosa slighty protruding the cribriform above and synapsing with mitral cell; damage to cribriform may cause hyposmia, dysosmia or anosmia; olfractory bulb puncture may also cause CSF leak.

Front 32

What nerves innervate at pterygopalatine ganglion? What nerves runs past it?

Back 32

CN V2 pterygopalatine nerves runs past PTP ganglion; Of the CN VII nerve of the PTP canal, only parasympathetic branch synapse (nasal, oral, nasalpharynx and lacrimal glands), taste nerve from palate and deep petrosal nerve runs past.

Front 33

What forms the nerve of pterygopalatine canal?

Back 33

Greater petrosal (2 like Chorda tympani: taste from palate, parasymp to glands) + Deep petrosal (sympath to int carotid from sympathetic trunk)

Front 34

Which nerve in general innervates all the "palate" muscles, what's the exception?

Back 34

CN X Vagus supplies all "palate" muscles except for tensor palati (CN V).

Front 35

Which nerve in general innervates all the "pharyngeal" muscles, what's the exception?

Back 35

CN X Vagus supplies all "pharyngeal" muscles except for stylopharyngeal (CN IX's only muscle).

Front 36

Which nerve in general innervates all the "glossal" muscles, what's the exception?

Back 36

CN XII Hypoglossal supplies all "glossal" muscles, except for Palatoglossus (CN X).

Front 37

Which nerve in general innervates all the "laryngeal" muscles, what's the exception?

Back 37

Recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X; except cricothyroid (External brch of superior laryngeal of X)

Front 38

What muscles are innervated by CN V?

Back 38

Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati, mylohyoid, ant diagastric

Front 39

What innervates the geniohyoid? Digastric?

Back 39

The C1 running with hypoglossal innervates the geniohyoid. Ant digastric is by Trigeminal, Pos digastric is by CN VII.

Front 40

Levator palpebrae superioris innervation:

Back 40

Skeletal part by CN III oculomotor; smooth part (superior tarsal) by sympathetic fibers (also innervates pupil dilator).

Front 41

Tendinous ring give rise to what muscles?

Back 41

the four rectuses origin from the tendinous ring.

Front 42

What's the innervation of ciliary muscle and pupil constrictor?

Back 42

Short ciliary nerve via CN III parasympathetic innervates the ciliary muscle and pupil constrictor?

Front 43

How many layers of sheat surrounds optic nerve? Why? What's one possible disease as a result?

Back 43

Optic nerve is an outgrowth of the CNS and hence is surrounded by meningel nerve, arachnoid and pia mater; Optic nerve is therefore sensitive to CNS demylinating disease.

Front 44

Marcus Gunn pupil?

Back 44

Shine normal eye, both pupil constrict, then swing to afferent affect eye, both pupils dilate (relative to previous constriction); shows CN II lesion.

Front 45

The right optic nerve sense___;The righ optic tract sense__:

Back 45

The right optic nerve senses vision from the right eye;The righ optic tract senses visions from the LEFT FIELD in BOTH eyes:

Front 46

Which funcionality of CN III is first affected by lesion? What's symptom maybe presented from CN III lesion in general?

Back 46

The parasympathetic function maybe affected, demonstrating mydriasis; CN III leision can give external strabismus in general.