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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Detrusor Muscle
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Muscular wall of the urinary bladder - Can generate action potentials in response to stretch
Also receives parasympathetic axons, which release acetylcholine (ACh) to stimulate the contraction and thus emptying of the bladder |
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Micturition
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Relaxation of the internal and external urethral sphincters
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What portion of the kidney produce urine and how?
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The nephrons are microscopic functional units of the kidneys that filter plasma out of of the capillary beds known as glomeruli
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glomerular capsule
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Bulbous beginning portion of the tubule that first receives the filtrate from plasma
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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receives the filtrate from the glomerular capsule.The proximal tubule are also located in the renal cortex
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Loop of Henle
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receives fluid from the proximal tubule.
-Descending Loop is the first portion of the loop and takes fluid from the cortex to the medulla -ascending loop: returns to the cortex |
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Arterial Blood arrives via the....
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the renal artery and passes through interlobar and arcuate arteries --> from here the blood enters afferent arterioles that deliver blood to the capillary beds
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Why is the vascular arrangement unique in the nephron?
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because the blood in the glomeruli doesn't pass into the venules as it does elsewhere in the body. Instead it enters through efferent arterioles
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fenestrae
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large pores in the capillaries of the glomeruli
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Glomerular Flitrate
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the fluid that exits across the walls of the glomerular capillaries
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Glomerular basement membrane
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Layer of glycoproteins jus outside the endothelial cells that comprise the was walls of the glomerular capillaries.
Provides a filtration barrier for proteins |
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podocytes
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extensions of the cells that are composed f
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Glomerular filtration rate
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volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys per minute and averages 125 ml per minute in men and 115 ml in women
because a person only has a blood volume 5.5 L the filtrate must be returned to the blood and reabsorbed -- only actually excrete about 1.5 L of urine a day |
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Hemodialysis
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utilized an artificial semipermeable membrane to diffuse water and dissolved waste. How ever the artificial membrane is not able to reabsorb the Na+ or K+ or glucose therefore they are included in the dialysis fluid
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As the filtrate passes through the loop of henle...?
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transport process cause Na and Cl as well as urea to accumulate in the medulla, which provides an osmotic pressure for water absorption out of the collecting ducts which are made more permeable to water by anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
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What is the relationship between urine volume and blood?
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urine is derived from the blood plasma so increasing the volume of urine will decrease blood pressure and vis versa
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Steps of absorption
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1.) Plasma membrane actively transport Na from the cystoplasm into the surrounding interstitial fluid and blood plasma
2.)Cl follows the Na passively by electrical attraction from the glomerular filtrate inton surrounding interstaitial fluid 3.)Higher NaCl concentration of the fluid surrounding the proximal tubules serves as an osmotic gradient |
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How much of the glomerular filtrate is immediately reabsorbed?
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about 65%
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What does the glomerular capsel surround?
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"Mini" capillary bed which filters the arterial blood flow
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What are the 3 parts of the uterus?
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Fundus, body, cervix
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Tetis-determining factor
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although the why chromosome is short it codes for TDF which cause early embryonic gonands to become testies
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What are the two compartments of the testies?
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Seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue
-within the interstitial tissue is leydig cells which produce andorgens (male hormones) like testosterone |
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What are the effects of testosterone and its derivatives on the male body?
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1.)Spermatogenesis
2.)Secondary sexual chararteristics - growth and maintenance of the sex accessory organs like the seminal vesicals and prostate - also growth of facial hair, growth of penis and growth at puberty 3.)Anabolism - stimulation of protein synthesis, these hormones produce growth in the muculoskeletal system |
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Functions of sertoli cells
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1) Supply developing sperm with needed molecules
2) make the seminferous tubules an immunologically privileged site 3)Eliminate the cytoplasm from spermatids 4)produce andorgen-binding protein and inhibin 5)contain FSH receptor proteins |
