Anatomy Ii Test 1

Front 1

Cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism for water soluble hormones (6 steps)

Back 1

1) Hormone binds receptor 2) Receptor activates G protein 3) G protein activates adenylate cyclase 4) this converts ATP to cAMP 5)cAMP activates Protein Kinases 6) triggers response of target cells

Front 2

first 4 steps of synthesis of thyroid hormone

Back 2

1) thyroglobulin synthesizes into follicle lumen 2) Iodide is transported 3) Iodide becomes Iodine 4) Iodine attaches to tyrosine for ming DIT and MIT

Front 3

steps 5-7 of thyroid hormone synthesis

Back 3

5) Iodinated tyrosine are linked to form T3 and T4 6) thyroglobulin colloid endocytosed with lysosome 7) lysosome prepares hormones for transport in blood stream

Front 4

effects of PTH (3)

Back 4

increased osteoclast activity, reabsorption in kidney tubule, increase absorption from food in intestine

Front 5

Zona Glomerulosa makes

Back 5

Aldosterone

Front 6

Zona Fasciculata makes

Back 6

Cortisol

Front 7

Zona Reticularis makes

Back 7

Androgens

Front 8

Aldosterone effects (3)

Back 8

increased Na, decreased K, Raises BP and BV

Front 9

not enough/too much aldosterone

Back 9

addison's/Aldosterism

Front 10

effects of cortisol (2)

Back 10

gluconeogenesis, lowered immune response

Front 11

too much/not enough cortisol

Back 11

Cushing's/Addison's

Front 12

effects of androgen (2)

Back 12

Female libido, pubic hair

Front 13

too much/not enough androgen

Back 13

masculization of females/unknown

Front 14

glycosuria

Back 14

sugar in urine

Front 15

diuresis

Back 15

too much urine

Front 16

polyuria

Back 16

frequent urination

Front 17

polydipsia

Back 17

extreme thirst

Front 18

polyphagia

Back 18

hunger

Front 19

lipidemia

Back 19

high fat in blood

Front 20

ketouria

Back 20

spilling ketones

Front 21

hormones produced by stomach (2)

Back 21

gastrin and ghrelin

Front 22

hormones produced by duodenum of SI

Back 22

secretin

Front 23

hormones produced by duodenum of LI

Back 23

cholecytokinin

Front 24

hormone produced by atria

Back 24

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Front 25

hormone produced by kidney

Back 25

erythropoietin (EPO)

Front 26

hormones produced by skin

Back 26

cholecalciferol

Front 27

3 types of plasma proteins

Back 27

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

Front 28

0-6 days of erythropoiesis

Back 28

hematopoietic stem cell, proerythroblast, early erythroblast, late erythroblast, normolast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Front 29

two types of leukocytes

Back 29

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Front 30

three types of granulocytes and percentages

Back 30

neutrophils (50-70) eosinophils (2-4) basophils (.5-1)

Front 31

two types of agranulocytes and percentages

Back 31

lymphocytes (25-45) monocytes (3-8)

Front 32

role of neutrophil

Back 32

phagocytize bacteria

Front 33

role of eosinophil

Back 33

kills parasites, contributes to allerigies

Front 34

role of basophil

Back 34

release histamine and heparin

Front 35

role of lymphocytes

Back 35

mount immune response by antibodies

Front 36

role of monocytes

Back 36

phagocytize, develop into macrophages

Front 37

5 steps of development of platelets

Back 37

hematopoietic stem cell, megakaryoblast, pro-megakaryocyte, megakaryocytic, platelet

Front 38

3 steps of hemostasis

Back 38

1) vasoconstriction 2) platelet plug 3) coagulation

Front 39

4 clotting factors made in the liver

Back 39

2,7,9,10

Front 40

clotting factor that activates extrinsic pathway

Back 40

3

Front 41

clotting factor that activates intrinsic pathway

Back 41

8

Front 42

4 steps of coagulation

Back 42

1) formation of prothrombin activator 2) prothrombin makes thrombin 3) thrombin makes fibrinogen into fibrin 4) clot forms