Anatomy Ii- Ruminant Quiz 3 Practice Questions

Front 1

What nerve divides into a dorsal branch and a palmar branch?

Back 1

ulnar nerve

Front 2

Blood supply to the palmar aspect of the manus is derived from:

Back 2

- median artery and its branches

Front 3

In the cow the major artery that supplies blood to the uterus is _____. Uterus also receives blood from uterine branched of _____ and _______.

Back 3

Uterine artery
uterine branch of ovarian artery
uterine branch of vaginal artery

Front 4

Trochanteric bursa is interposed between?

Back 4

medial & superficial gluteals & greater trochanter

Front 5

What is the ligament stabilizing the calcaneus bone?

Back 5

long plantar ligament

Front 6

Which muscle is the prime protractor of the forelimb? Which muscle is an antagonist of the prior one?

Back 6

Brachiocephalicus is the prime mover
and Latissimus dorsi is the prime retractor

Front 7

WHat is zebu cattle hump in brief, include its location and

Back 7

(BOS INDICUS) is a dome-shaped mass consisting of the cervico-thoracic portion of the dorsal back located between T1 and T5 from the angle of the blade of one scapula to the other.

Front 8

What are the muscles involved in its formation of the Zebu hump?

Back 8

The muscles involved are RHOMBOIDEUS, TRAPEZIUS, LATISSIMUS DORSI,

Front 9

What is lacertus fibrosus?

Back 9

is a broad aponeurosis of the biceps brachii passing from its origin of the biceps brachii to the deep fascia of the extensor carpii radialis muscle.

Front 10

What is the importance of the lactertus fibrosus?

Back 10

helps keep the shoulder and carpal joints in extension with minimal muscle effort when the limb bears weight

Front 11

Which muscle of the brachium, is a flexor of the cubital joint as well as an extensor of the shoulder joint?

Back 11

The supraspinatus is an extensor of the shoulder, while the infraspinatus, subscapular, and teres major are all flexors.

Front 12

What bursa is related to the supraspinatus muscle and shoulder joint? Differentiate its (bursa) structure in sheep and ox.

Back 12

The intertubercular bursa passes thru the intertubercular groove and is an extension of the shoulder joint in sheep/dog, but separate in ox/horse.

Front 13

Name any two muscles, which function as extensors of the elbow joint.

Back 13

Triceps brachii
Tensor fascia antibrachii

Front 14

Which groups of the muscles encircle the radio-ulnar segment / antebrachium of the forelimb? Functionally, which muscle stands out from the others?

Back 14

The Extensors and flexors

Front 15

What are the innervations of the muscles of the radio-ulnar segment / antebrachium of the forelimb?

Back 15

extensors arise from lateral humeral epicondyle- radial nerve
flexors arise from medial humeral epicondyle- median nerve

Front 16

Which muscles that encircle the radio-ulnar segment / antebrachium of the forelimb stand out functionally from the others?

Back 16

They work together, as antanogists to one another. They have a weight supporting function. EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS b/c it IS REALLY A FLEXOR.

Front 17

What is extensor retinaculum?

Back 17

It is a highly thickened fascia reinforcing the fibrous capsule at the carpal joint and holding tendons down in their grooves.

Front 18

What is the flexor retinaculum?

Back 18

It is a thickened transverse fiber/s attached to the accessory, radial carpal bones, and metacarpals to form a tunnel with the palmar carpal canal.

Front 19

What are the actions of the muscles of the antebrachium on the carpus joint and digits?

Back 19

To support the joint when bearing body weight to minimize OVER extension.

Front 20

What is the importance of the interdigital ligaments?

Back 20

The distal interdigital ligament is found between the digits at the level of P2 to prevent the toes from splitting.

Front 21

Describe the distal interdigital ligament in brief.

Back 21

It extends from the abaxial eminence on the proximal end of P2 and runs over the deep digital flexor tendon before attaching to the distal sesamoid bone of the adjacent digit.

Front 22

Classify the Shoulder joint

Back 22

scapulo-humoral
ball-socket synovial joint
loose joint capsule w/ no true collateral ligaments

Front 23

Classify the cubital joint

Back 23

elbow joint
hinge type synovial joint
medial & lateral collateral ligaments

Front 24

Classify the carpus joint

Back 24

stifle joint
hinge type synovial joint
allows flexion & extension

Front 25

WHat are the joints that make up the carpal joint?

Back 25

antebrachial carpal
middle carpal
carpometacarpal

Front 26

What is the carpal canal?

Back 26

The carpal canal is part of the flexor retinaculum forming a short tunnel with the palmar carpal ligament transmitting the tendons of the digital flexors and flexor carpi radialis muscles.

Front 27

Which muscles or their tendons prevent sinking of the fetlock joint?

Back 27

The interosseus muscle fused together at the axial borders proximal to the fetlock joint to support the joint when bearing body weight to minimize OVER extension. The common digital extensor tendon prevents OVER-extension of the fetlock joint. The superficial and deep digital flexor tendons also contribute to weight bearing.

Front 28

Discuss interosseus muscle and extensor slips?

Back 28

It functions as a ligament as part of the proximal sesmoidean ligament of the fetlock joint..
Extensor slips go to the common digital extensor (digit III) and lateral
digital extensor (digit IV)

Front 29

Name the three sets of the sessamoidean ligaments that are associated with fetlock joint.

Back 29

proximal
middle, and
distal groups.

Front 30

Which nerves form the brachial plexus?

Back 30

Formed from spinal nerves T1-T2
Suprascapular
Subscapular
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar

Front 31

Name the two branches of the Ulnar nerve.

Back 31

the DORSAL and the PALMAR branches

Front 32

Which branch of the ulnar nerve continues on palmer side of the digit?

Back 32

The palmar branch passes thru the carpal canal to the deep digital flexor tendon to divide further.

Front 33

Which branch of the ulnar nerve supplies the interosseus muscle?

Back 33

palmar branch divides into the deep (ramus profundus to the interosseus muscle)

Front 34

What is different about the nerves of the brachial plexus in ruminants compared to dogs?

Back 34

In the ruminants the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS and MEDIAN nerve join together and form ANSA AXILLARIS distal to the axillary artery.

Front 35

Discuss the innervation of the distal forelimb/ palmer aspect of the digits and manus

Back 35

The medial median nerve forms the abaxial (medial branch) and axial (lateral branch) palmar to digit 3.

The lateral median nerve supplies the axial palmar digit 4 and abaxial palmar digit 4.

Front 36

Discuss the innervations of the distal forelimb/ Dorsal aspect of the digits and manus.

Back 36

The ulnar palmar superficial branch supplies the abaxial palmar digit 4 and the ulnar dorsal supplies the abaxial dorsal digit 4.

Front 37

Which main nerves contribute, and which one has major contribution to innervating the digits & manus?

Back 37

The radial nerve supplies the axial dorsal digits 3 and 4, and the abaxial dorsal digit 3 with the DEEP BRANCH SUPLYING THE EXTENSORS OF THE CARPUS.

Front 38

WHat nerves innervate the distal forelimb?

Back 38

The distal forelimb is supplied by the ulnar, median, and radial nerves.

Front 39

Discuss/list the main branches of the axillary,artery.

Back 39

gives off an external thoracic, lateral thoracic (in pig by mammae)

Front 40

Discuss/list the main branches of the subscapular artery.

Back 40

the subscapular artery, and it continues on as the brachial artery.

Front 41

Discuss/list the main branches of the brachial artery.

Back 41

deep brachial (to triceps),
collateral ulnar (abaxial dorsal digit 4), bicipital, transverse cubital, and common interosseus. It continues on as the median artery to the antibrachium. The median becomes the deep antebrachial, radial, and caudomedial.

Front 42

Describe in brief, the cranial superficial antebrachial artery.

Back 42

It is a branch from the collateral radial artery of the subscapular artery.

Front 43

What region of the distal forelimb receives blood from cranial superficial antebrachial artery?

Back 43

It continues ventrally to the triceps and distally it divides to form the abaxial dorsal digital artery of digit 3 and the axial dorsal digital arteries 3 and 4.

Front 44

Which is the last branch of brachial artery?

Back 44

the COMMON INTEROSSEUS artery.

Front 45

Name the important branch of the median artery at the mid radio-ulnar (antebrachium) segment?

Back 45

radial artery

Front 46

Which artery supplies blood to the palmer aspect of the forelimb?

Back 46

The radial (abaxial) and median (axial) arteries both supply the digits.

Front 47

What are the terminal branches of the median artery?

Back 47

axial palmar digital
aa. of digits III and IV.

Front 48

Why the croup / rump region in ruminant is flat or concave as compared to the horse?

Back 48

The gluteal muscle group is fused in the ruminant(gluteobiceps) rather than the separate superficial gluteal and the bicep femoris muscles that is found in equine.

Front 49

Describe the location of the trochanteric bursa and bursa of the biceps femoris tendon?

Back 49

The trochanteric bursa is interposed between the gluteobiceps and the trochanter major

Front 50

Describe the location of the bursa of the biceps femoris tendon?

Back 50

The bursa of the biceps femoris tendon lies between the tendon and the lateral epicondyle of the femur.

Front 51

What muscles are involved in extension of the stifle joint?

Back 51

quadricep femoris m
bicep femoris m.
semitendinosus,
semimembranosus

Front 52

Which muscles flex the stifle joint?

Back 52

Popliteus m.
semitendinosis

Front 53

What is the primary and secondary function of the rectus femoris muscle?

Back 53

Extends the stifle joint
helps flex the coxal joint

Front 54

Which muscles are true adductors of the hindlimb?

Back 54

gracilis,
adductor
pectineus
external obturator muscles.

Front 55

If considered the flexor muscles and extensor muscles of the digits in the hindlimb; what is their action on digits and hock joint?

Back 55

The SDF and DDF flex the digits and extend the hock joints.
gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus all extend the hock joints when the limb bears weight.

Front 56

Write a short note on common calcaneal tendon. (Include formation, function)

Back 56

Formed by gastrocnemius,
superficial digital flexor,
soleus, semitendinosus, biceps
femoris, (Gluteobiceps m.)

Front 57

What is the calcaneal bursa?

Back 57

an extensive bursa lying between the superfical digital flexor tendon & calcanean tuberosity

Front 58

What gives rise to the extensor retinaculum in the hindlimb?

Back 58

Fascia cruris:

Front 59

What gives rise to Flexor retinaculum in the hindlimb?

Back 59

Plantar fascia:

Front 60

What ligament completes the rim of acetabulum, and what deepens the cavity of acetabulum?

Back 60

NO COLLATERAL ligaments associated with the hip, it is stabilized by the muscles and the joint capsule.
The ligament of the head of the femur connects into the acetabulum.