Anatomy Ii - Neck Thorax Skin Abdomen (Ruminant And Pig)

Front 1

is the cranial part of the ventral sac

Back 1

recessus ruminis

Front 2

cranial part of the dorsal sac

Back 2

atrium ruminis

Front 3

Lobulation of the lungs is best developed and clearly defined in the:

Back 3

Ox

Front 4

bounded by the right longitudinal and accessory grooves

Back 4

insular ruminis

Front 5

between the reticulum and rumen

Back 5

ruminoreticular groove

Front 6

Concerning the azygous vein:

Which azygous vein found in ruminant?
Left found in? Right in?

Back 6

Left azygous develops completely in ruminants; RIGHT azygous may be fully developed only in ruminants and occasionally pig a small right cranial portion may develop partially.

Front 7

Dorsal and ventral coronary grooves demarcate

Back 7

Dorsal and ventral coronary grooves demarcate blind sacs:

1. caudodorsal and 2.caudoventral blind sacs

Front 8

What do horns develop from?

Back 8

Cornual process of the frontal bone

Front 9

What is the term for when the subcutis of the pig accumulates fat?

Back 9

panniculus adiposus

Front 10

An important distinguishing feature between the head of the goat and the sheep is:

Back 10

an infraorbital cutaneous sinus in the sheep : lies rostral to the eyes, waxy, straw-colored secretion
((as well as inguinal sinus and interdigital sinus))

Front 11

Where are the major thicknesses in the skin of the cow? Pig?

Back 11

Cow - Dewlap (on lower jaw/ ventral neck)
Pig - ventral surfaces of neck

Front 12

Where are there unusual fat deposits in the sheep?

Back 12

Tail

Front 13

the cardiac skeleton contains 2 ______ that are associated w/ the aorta

Back 13

the cardiac skeleton contains 2 ossa cordis that are associated w/ the aorta (initially cartilage cordis)

Front 14

What is the term for the elongated, narrow cartilage bar containing skin derivatives usually found in goats?

Back 14

Wattles or tassels

Front 15

What are the different cutaneous sinuses/pouches in the sheep?

Back 15

Infraorbital sinus
Inguinal sinus
Interdigital sinus

Front 16

The skin is thickest in the:

Back 16

ox

Front 17

What are some of the different glands found in domestic animals? (name 5 - one is only in carnivores, other only in goat/sheep)

Back 17

Horn glands - goat/sheep
Caudal (coccygeal) glands - carnivores
Subcaudal glands - Buck taint? no doesnt come from here
Preputial glands - all species
Mammary glands - all mammals

her-cat-stalks-poor-mice

Front 18

How is the ligamentum nuchae different in the ruminant compared to the horse?

Back 18

Has paired cranial part (C2 and C3)
AND
upaired caudal (C4 - C7) parts of laminar portion

Front 19

ligamentum nuchae of ruminant: similar to equine.
Differs from that of the horse, as follows :
(unanswered questions)

Back 19

Similar to equine in that both laminar and funicular (top, straight part) are paired.

Different from equine in that laminar part is divided into cranial and caudal parts;
* cranial part is paired and extends from funicular part down to the spines of C2 and C3;
* caudal part is unpaired, and extends from the spinous process of T1 to the spinous processes of C4 – C7.

(But what do they mean by unpaired? Not attached to funicular part?)

Front 20

In ox extends well into the thoracic region, and slants ventrolaterally over the summits of the spinous processes, what anatomical advantage does this provide?

Back 20

(therefore friction over spine summits e.g. T1 is not as great in the ox as in horse)
> Consequently, no acquired bursa appears infront of T1 spinous process as does in horse

Front 21

Does the pig have a ligamentum nuchae?

Back 21

No

Front 22

Is the M. rhomboideus capitis present in the in the bovine?

Back 22

No

Front 23

Which neck muscle in the Bos indicus breeds of cattle is large, and forms part of the hump lying over the withers?

Back 23

M. rhomboideus CERVICIS

Front 24

Which muscle is more cranial/rostral:
Brachiocephalicus m OR
Sternocephalicus m.?

Back 24

Sternocephalicus m

Front 25

2 parts of Brachiocephalicus m.?

What animal has these 2 parts?

Back 25

cleidobrachialis
cleidocephalicus
* in ruminant

Front 26

extends from the clavicular intersection to the humeral crest

Back 26

cleidobrachialis

Front 27

(from the clavicular intersection to the neck/head, and has two parts in most species) :

Back 27

cleidocephalicus

Front 28

Is the sternocephalicus muscle an extrinsic muscle of the forelimb in the ruminant?

Back 28

No

Front 29

What are the two divisions of the sternocephalicus muscle?
Divided in which spp.?
Undivided in which species?

Back 29

Sternomastoideus
Sternomandibularis

Both found in the ox, goat, and carnivore
Undivided in the sheep

Front 30

two parts of Brachiocephalicus m. in ruminant

two parts of cleidocephalicus m. ?

* identify spp. in all

Back 30

Brachiocephalicus:
1. cleidobrachialis
2. cleidocephalicus (in Bovine/ovine/pig: )

Bovine/ovine/pig:
cleidocephalicus m.
2A. cleidooccipitalis
2B. cleidomastoideus*

* fuses with undvided sternocephalicus in SHEEP

Front 31

What neck muscle is well developed in the goat and extends from the costal cartilage 1 to the clavicular intersection?

Back 31

Subclavius muscle

Front 32

What neck muscle is absent in the carnivore?

Back 32

Subclavius muscle

Front 33

Is Subclavius m well developed in the bovine?

Back 33

No, vestigal in cow

Front 34

Vestigal subclavius m is attached to what muscle in bovine?

Back 34

Vestigal subclavius m is attached to medial surface of the <brachiocephalicus m.> in bovine

Front 35

T/F Mammary glands are modified sweat glands

Back 35

True

(FYI: wrote in notes "skin does not have symp./PS innervation"....?)

Front 36

tendon of insertion fuses with that of the sternocephalicus muscle, in the sheep).

Back 36

cleidomastoideus!!!! <- tendon of insertion fuses with that of the sternocephalicus muscle, in the sheep).

Front 37

In the ox, what structure is large, lobulated in yound, and extends from LARYNX to pericardium?

Back 37

Thymus gland

Front 38

Which deep cervical lymph node groups are ABSENT in small ruminants and the pig?

Back 38

Cranial and middle groups

~Sm.rum. and pig only have Caudal Deep Cervical L.n.

Front 39

growth of Thymus gland is in ____direction; regression is also in that direction.

Back 39

extends in cranio-caudal

Front 40

Lymph nodes @ thoracic inlet, ventral to the trachea well developed, in all domestic mammals, except the dog.

Back 40

Caudal group of Deep cervical lymph nodes.

Front 41

The isthmus of the thyroid gland is glandular in which animals?

Back 41

Ox
Pig
Dog

Front 42

The isthmus of the thyroid gland is fibrous in which animals?

Back 42

small ruminants
Horse
cat
~looks really thin delicate to me

Front 43

In which animal is the body of the thyroid gland lobulated and flattened?

Back 43

Ox

Front 44

In ungulates (hoofed as in cows, horse, etc.), it lies in a muscular groove (the jugular groove or sulcus jugularis)

Back 44

external jugular vein
* important for intravenous injections

Front 45

The carotid sheath of the ruminant contains everything as in the horse plus what?

Back 45

Internal jugular vein

Front 46

What are the borders of the jugular groove in ox/goat?

Back 46

Dorsal - Cleidomastoideus muscle
Ventral - Sternomandibularid muscle
Crainal - Sternomastoideus muscle

Front 47

What are the borders of the jugular groove in the sheep?

Back 47

Dorsal - Cleidomastoideus muscle
Ventral - Sternocephalicus muscle
Cranial - No muscular border
(because Sternocephalicus in sheep is undivided!)

Front 48

Superficial cervical lymph nodes are covered by?

Where located?

Back 48

* covered by the brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius muscles

* lie craniodorsal to shoulder joint, but caudal dorsal to caudal deep cervical lymph node

Front 49

Which animal has it superficial cervical lymph nodes separated into three groups (dorsal, middle, and ventral)?

Back 49

SCLN is/are scattered in Pig!!

Front 50

location of esophagus in neck?

close to surface where?

Back 50

?

Close to surface of neck In left caudal region of neck - surgical intervention in this area

Front 51

Which domest. species have striated musc. lining entire esophagus??

Back 51

All of it ? the ruminant esoph. is lined by striated muscle- so all voluntary skeletal muscle

Front 52

Where are the Curvatures of esophagus?

Back 52

1st flexion - dorsal curvature (Junction of Pharynx and the esophagus)
2nd flexion - ventral curvature (at thoracic inlet)
3rd flexion - dorsal curvature (base of the heart)

Front 53

Which flexure/curvature is not permanent?

Back 53

Flexions 1 and 2 are not permanent: when the animal lowers its head, at grazing, the flexions are obliterated.

only 3rd curvature of esophagus always present

Front 54

Where are the possible esophageal obstructions?

Back 54

1. Junction of Pharynx and the esophagus
2. Thoracic inlet
3. Cranial to the base of the heart (vascular ring)
4. Hiatus esophageus (where passes thr. diaphragm)

Front 55

Most common sites of esophageal obstructions in the ox?

Back 55

ox: 1 (junction of esoph.& pharynx), 2 (thor.inlet) and 4 (esoph.hiatus)

Front 56

Where is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection in the goat?

Back 56

6th costochondral junction to ventral border of last rib

Front 57

Where is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection in the ox?

Back 57

7th or 8th costochondral junction to the angle of the last rib

Front 58

Where is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection in the sheep?

Back 58

9th costochondral junction to the middle of the last rib to the cranial border of transverse process of L1

Front 59

Which ruminant has most cranial Lof.PR?

Back 59

goat

Front 60

The mediastinal pleura thick and intact in the ____?
~Which animals may show an occasional opening?

Back 60

Yes, ox/goat mediastinal pleura thick and supported by submesothelial connective tissue

~ but sheep show occasional opening

Front 61

Which lung is larger in all domestic species?

Back 61

relatively large right lung displaces the caudal mediastinum to the left of the median plane.

Front 62

which lung has accessory lobe?

Back 62

right lung

Front 63

What relationship is important to consider in hardware disease?

Back 63

Bovine - accessory lobe of the right lung and mediastinal recess are located caudally to the region of the reticulum

hardware disease = (traumatic reticulitis); where nail is swallowed and pierces reticulum + threatens other organs nearby

Front 64

The cranial border of the reticulum lies against the dome of the diaphragm at about the: ___ ICS

Back 64

6th ICS

Front 65

In ruminants which cupula pleura extends beyond the first rib?

Back 65

Only the right

Front 66

The tracheal bronchus (a special bronchus) ventilates the: ?

in what spp.?

Back 66

right cranial lobe
(in ruminant and pig; both cranial and caudal parts in ruminants)

FYI: Predisposes this lobe to infection and inhalation pneumonia.

Front 67

Where should a thoracocentesis be performed in a ruminant?

Back 67

Middle part of 6th or 7th intercostal space

Front 68

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Back 68

Cranial (but cr. has 2 parts)
Middle
Caudal
Accessory

~so 4.5 lobes :)

Front 69

Is the right cranial lung lobe in the pig divided into a cranial and caudal part?

Back 69

No, but it is in the ruminant

Front 70

How many lobes does the left lung have in ruminants and pigs?

Back 70

Cranial
Caudal

Front 71

Where is the cardiac notch on the left side of the ruminant? Right?

Back 71

Left - 3rd to 5th intercostal
Right - 3rd to 4th intercostal

Front 72

Other organs at risk in "hardware disease"?

Back 72

{other organs that can be affected in hardware disease include the accessory lobe itself, pericardium → pericardial effusion and/or pericarditis, heart, other lobes of the lung, spleen, liver, large caudal mediastinal lymph node}.

Front 73

Do the azygous veins have valves in them?

Back 73

No

Front 74

How many lobes does the left lung have? (in pigs and ruminants)

Back 74

The left lung in both ruminant and porcine species has two main lobes: cranial and caudal

Front 75

What veins drain the cranial lumbar area and thoracic wall by means of the lumbar veins and dorsal intercostal veins?

Back 75

Azygous veins

Front 76

Which azygous vein always develops fully in ruminants and pigs?

Back 76

Left azygous vein

Front 77

In which animals is the right azygous vein also present occasionally?

Back 77

Sheep
Goat

Front 78

Which animal has a vertically placed heart and which has an oblique (45 degrees) place heart?

Back 78

Vertical - ruminants
Oblique - pig and dog

Front 79

What ossifies with age in the ruminant heart and becomes the ossa cordis?

Back 79

Fibrous rings surrounding the aorta

Front 80

What are the three grooves on the ruminant heart?

What side of heart does each appear on?

Back 80

Paraconal groove
Subsinusal groove
Intermediate groove

Front 81

In which animals is the pericardium attached to the sternum by two separate sternopericardiac ligaments?

Back 81

Ruminants
Horses
* pericardium attached to the sternum by two separate sternopericardiac ligaments

Front 82

Where are the positions of the heart valves in the ruminant?

Back 82

Pulmonary - left 3rd intercostal
Aortic - left 4th intercostal
RAV (Tricuspid ) - right 4th intercostal
LAV (Mitral) - 5th intercostal

Front 83

Which coronary artery is larger in the ruminant? in the pig?

Back 83

Ruminant - left
Pig - right

Front 84

What are the four lymphocenters of the thorax in the thorax of the ruminant?

Back 84

Dorsal thoracic
Ventral thoracic
Mediastinal
Bronchial

Front 85

Which mediastinal lymph node is single and quite large in the ruminant?

Back 85

Caudal mediastinal lymph node

Front 86

Which mediastinal lymph node is absent in the pig and the ox may have 1-5?

Back 86

Middle mediastinal lymph node

Front 87

How many tracheobronchial lymph nodes present in bovine?

Name them

Back 87

4 (left, right, middle, cranial)

Front 88

Which tracheobronchial lymph nodes is absent in the sheep?

Back 88

Right and Middle tracheobronchial lymph node

Front 89

Which tracheobronchial lymph node is only in the ruminant and the pig?

Back 89

Cranial tracheobronchial lymph node

Front 90

Which tracheobronchial lymph node puts pressure on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve when it is enlarged?

Back 90

Left tracheobronchial lymph node

Front 91

Which lymph node could cause choking or damage to vagal trunks because of enlargement?

Back 91

Caudal mediastinal lymph node

Front 92

Pericardiocentesis done where?

Back 92

Pericardiocentesis: 4th intercostal space, at level of costochondral junction]
(to drain pericardium?)

Front 93

T/F Intracardiac injections are theoretically possible in all species

Back 93

True

Front 94

(SKIP UNTIL END)
Cardiac notches/incisures (cardiac impression on each lung) of ruminants extend from where to where?
In left lung:
On right lung:

Back 94

Ruminants: Left – extends from 3rd to 5th intercostal spaces.

Right – between 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces

Front 95

in bovine tuberculosis (TB) or lymphadenitis, is associated with enlargement of what lymph node?

Hint: could compress esoph., leading to chocking, etc.

Back 95

Caudal mediastinal Lnn.: bovine → in bovine tuberculosis (TB) or lymphadenitis, the enlarged Ln. compresses the esophagus. This could cause choking or damage to the vagal trunks.