Anatomy Ii, Exam 1 (Head) Spring 2011

Front 1

cranial nerve I

Back 1

olfactory

Hint 1

olfaction (smell)

exit - foramina of cribiform plate

Front 2

cranial nerve II

Back 2

optic

Hint 2

vision

exit - optic canal

Front 3

cranial nerve III

Back 3

oculomotor

Hint 3

motor to certain extrinsic eyeball muscles
parasympathetic to pupil constrictor m.

exit - orbital fissure

Front 4

cranial nerve IV

Back 4

trochlear

Hint 4

motor to dorsal oblique m. of eyeball

exit - orbital fissure

Front 5

cranial nerve V

Back 5

trigeminal

Hint 5

ophthalmic - sensory to frontal and eye region; exit - orbital fissure

maxillary - sensory to upper jaw region; exit - round foramen

mandibular - motor to mm. of mastication, sensory to lower jaw region; exit - foramen ovale

Front 6

cranial nerve VI

Back 6

abducent

Hint 6

motor to lateral rectus & retractor bulbi mm of eyeball

exit - orbital fissure

Front 7

cranial nerve VII

Back 7

facial

Hint 7

motor to mm of facial expression,
motor to caudal belly of digastricus m (m of mastication)
sensory to external ear,
special sense of gustation (taste) to rostral 2/3 of tongue

exit - stylomastoid foramen

Front 8

cranial nerve VIII

Back 8

vestibulocochlear

Hint 8

balance (vestibulation) & hearing

NO exit, ends in receptor organs of inner ear buried in petrous temporal bone

Front 9

cranial nerve IX

Back 9

glossopharyngeal

Hint 9

sensory to caudal 1/3 of tongue,
taste to caudal 1/3 of tongue,
motor to certain pharyngeal mm,
sensory to pharynx

exit - tympano-occipital fissure

Front 10

cranial nerve X

Back 10

vagus

Hint 10

motor to certain mm of pharynx,
motor to laryngeal mm,
sensory to pharynx & larynx;
parasympathetic to smooth m of gut tube & lungs, and to heart m

exit - tympano-occipital fissure

Front 11

cranial nerve XI

Back 11

spinal accessory

Hint 11

small contribution to pharyngeal plexus,
motor to certain neck mm (ventral br to ventral strap mm and dorsal br to trapezius m)

exit - tympano-occipital fissure

Front 12

cranial nerve XII

Back 12

hypoglossal

Hint 12

motor to tongue mm

exit - hypoglossal foramen/canal

Front 13

which nerves exit at the optic canal?

Back 13

optic n (CN II)

Front 14

which nerves exit at the orbital fissure?

Back 14

oculomotor n (CN III)
trochlear n (CN IV)
ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n (CN V)
abducent n (CN VI)

Front 15

which nerves exit at the foramen rotundum (round foramen)?

Back 15

maxillary branch of the trigeminal n (CN V)

Front 16

Which nerves exit at the tympano-occipital fissure?

Back 16

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)
Spinal Accessory (CN XI)

Front 17

homodonty

Back 17

same tooth forms in all parts of the mouth

ex. toothed whales

Front 18

heterodonty

Back 18

different tooth forms in diff parts of the mouth

ex. species with incisors, canines, premolars, and/or molars (i.e. mammals)

Front 19

diphyodonty

Back 19

two sets of teeth

Front 20

polyphyodonty

Back 20

multiple successions of teeth

Front 21

acrodontia

Back 21

summit teeth - teeth are attached to the summit of the upper edge of the jaw

Front 22

pleurodontia

Back 22

side teeth - teeth are attached at the side of the jaw

Front 23

thecodontia

Back 23

sheathed teeth - teeth are buried in tooth sockets (dental alveoli)

Front 24

brachydont

Back 24

short tooth - tooth has an obvious crown coverd with enamal, a constricted neck, and a buried root (cementum ONLY covers the root); erupts & stops growing

dogs, cats, humans, and most of the teeth of pigs

Front 25

hypsodont

Back 25

high tooth - continuously growing; no neck constriction, cememtum covers exposed AND buried part of tooth NO anatomical root

permanent incisors & cheek teeth of horse, cheek teeth of cattle, canine teeth (tusks) of hogs, and incisors & cheek teeth of rodents & rabbits

Front 26

which teeth are NEVER present in the deciduous set?

Back 26

molars & usually P1

Front 27

dog deciduous dental formula

Back 27

3-1-3
3-1-3

total 28 (max in placental mammals)

Front 28

dog permanent dental formula

Back 28

3-1-4-2
3-1-4-3

total 42

Front 29

In the dog, which teeth are the largest & called the sectorial/carnassial teeth?

Back 29

upper P4 and lower M1

Front 30

In dogs, which teeth have three roots?

Back 30

two upper molars & upper P4

(the two lower molars only have 2 roots)

Front 31

In dogs, which tooth is usually involved in abcessation? why?

Back 31

upper P4 because it's just ventral to the maxillary sinus

Front 32

In the dog, when does the eruption of deciduous teeth begin?

When are all permanent teeth typically erupted by?

Back 32

incisors at 4-5 weeks

all permanent teeth erupted by 6-7 months

Front 33

cat deciduous dental formula

Back 33

3-1-3
3-1-2

total 26

Front 34

cat permanent dental formula

Back 34

3-1-3-1
3-1-2-1

total 40

Front 35

In the cat, when do the deciduous teeth begin to erupt?

When is permanent dentition complete?

Back 35

15-21 days (2-3 weeks)

complete at 6 months

Front 36

Which premolars do cats lack?

Back 36

upper P1 and lower P1 & P2

Front 37

In cats, which is the only tooth with 3 roots? where is it located?

Back 37

Upper P4 is located in the ventral wall of the orbit

Front 38

What is special about the deciduous incisors of the horse?

What are all the permanent teeth like?

Back 38

the deciduous incisors are brachydont (has neck constriction)

all permanent incisors & cheek teeth are hypsodont

Front 39

What is the eruption & wear pattern in equine lower permanent incisors for age estimation?

Back 39

lower I1: erupts at 2.5; in wear at 3
lower I2: erupts at 3.5; in wear at 4
lower I3: erupts at 4.5; in wear at 5

Front 40

Where are the 7,11 year hooks located in the horse?

Back 40

on upper I3

Front 41

Where is galvayne's groove located in the horse? How can you use it to estimate the age?

Back 41

upper I3

appears at 10, half way down at 15, all the way at 20, half gone at 25, gone at 30

Front 42

In horses, which tooth is sometimes called a "wolf tooth"?

Back 42

upper or lower P1 when it's very small

Front 43

What is a "dental star"?

Back 43

a brownish mark that indicates the position of the "filled in" pulp cavity

Front 44

What is an "enamel spot?"

Back 44

bottom of the worn away cup

Front 45

What is unique about the lower canine teeth of ruminants?

Back 45

they are incisiform & sometimes refered to as I4

Front 46

In ruminants, which teeth are brachydont? Which are hypsodont?

Back 46

brachydont = incisors & canines

hypsodont = cheek teeth

Front 47

ruminant permanent dental formula

Back 47

0-0-3-3
3-1-3-3

total 32

Front 48

In ruminants, when do the permanent incisors & incisiform canines erupt?

At what age have all erupted and be in wear?

At what age would a bovine be considered "smooth-mouthed"?

Back 48

I1 at 1.5-2 years
C1 or I4 at 3.5-4 years

all teeth in wear by 5 years

smooth mouthed by 9 years

Front 49

What is special about the dentition of llamas and alpacas that makes them different from ruminants?

Back 49

they have an upper incisor & upper canine on each side which are caniniform & curve caudally --> weapon teeth

Front 50

pig permanent dentition formula

Back 50

3-1-4-3
3-1-4-3

total 44 (max in placental mammals)

Front 51

In regards to the cusps of many of their cheek teeth, how can the dentition of pigs (omnivores) be described?

Back 51

bunodont (rounded, mound-like cusps instead of sharp cusps)